In 2022, the percentage of the population of Indonesia aged 65 years or older was around 6.86 percent. The share of the elderly population across the country has gradually increased over the past decade.

Abstract

The National Labor Force Survey aims to obtain characteristics of employment, unemployment, underemployment, and of working age population not in the labor force who are in schools, doing housekeeping, others, excludes personal activity. This survey covered all provinces in Indonesia (33 provinces). The total number of household samples were around 200 000 households that consist of 50 000 households of quarterly samples and 150 000 household of additional samples, with a 96.30 percent of response rate.

It is important to note the industrial classification applied in the survey is the Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification (KBLI) 2009 (aligned with ISIC Rev 4). The occupation classification is based on the Indonesian Classification of Occupation (KBJI) 2002, which refers to ISCO 88, which presents occupation classification in much more detail.

Sakernas is a survey which is specifically designed for labor data collection. Sakernas is relatively different compared with SP (Population Census) and Supas (Intercencal Population Cencus) which are more focused on demographic characteristics of the population. Other labor force data source is Susenas (National Social and Economic Survey) which collects data on many aspects of social and economic characteristics, such as: consumption, labor, health and household variables. The differences in the characteristics coverage of surveys/census mentioned above are contributed to the labor data quality, in which the Sakernas results are regarded better.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Households
• Household members aged 10 and older

Universe

The August 2014 Sakernas covered all provinces in Indonesia (33 provinces). The total number of household samples were around 200 000 households that consist of 50 000 households of quarterly samples and 150 000 household of additional samples, with a 96.30 percent of response rate.

The main information collected in The National Labor Force Survey are data on individual household members covering persons aged 10 years and older. However tabulated data covers household members aged 15 years and older.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Total number of household samples were 200,000 with a response rate of 96.30 percent.

The difference of sample size of Sakernas compared with SP, Supas and Susenas will lead to different levels of sampling error. The smaller sample size will cause the greater sampling error of a survey.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaires were published in Bahasa Indonesia only.

The way of structuring and wording questionnaire on labor characteristics will strongly affect the quality of census and survey data attainment. The structure and word of questionnaire plan covers producing correct sentences without ambiguous meaning, choosing appropriate word and order in the questions, and the number of variables and questions that will be asked to respondent. In the Sakernas, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. The respondent is expected to understand and easily catch the aim of questions in the survey and avoid memory lapse and uninterested response during interview data collection. Furthermore, the design of Sakernas questionnaire remain stable in order to keep data comparison needs.

Response rate

96.30 percent.

Sampling error estimates

Population 15 Years of Age and Over Economically Active Not Economically Active Labor Force Participation Rate (%) Unemployment Rate (%) Educational Attainment Main Industry Main Employment Status

Abstract

The 1993 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) provides data at the individual and family level on fertility, health, education, migration, and employment. Extensive community and facility data accompany the household data. The survey was a collaborative effort of Lembaga Demografi of the University of Indonesia and RAND, with support from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, USAID, Ford Foundation, and the World Health Organization. In Indonesia, the 1993 IFLS is also referred to as SAKERTI 93 (Survai Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Indonesia). The IFLS covers a sample of 7,224 households spread across 13 provinces on the islands of Java, Sumatra, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. Together these provinces encompass approximately 83 percent of the Indonesian population and much of its heterogeneity. The survey brings an interdisciplinary perspective to four broad topic areas:

• Fertility, family planning, and contraception • Infant and child health and survival • Education, migration and employment • The social, economic, and health status of adults, young and old

Additionally, extensive community and facility data accompany the household data. Village leaders and heads of the village women's group provided information in each of the 321 enumeration areas from which households were drawn, and data were collected from 6,385 schools and health facilities serving community residents.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Household Survey data were collected for household members through direct interviews (for adults) and proxy interviews (for children, infants and temporarily absent household members). The IFLS-1 conducted detailed interviews with the following household members:

• The household head and their spouse
• Two randomly selected children of the head and spouse aged 0 to 14 (interviewed by proxy)
• An individual age 50 and above and their spouse, randomly selected from remaining members
• For a randomly selected 25 percent of the households, an individual age 15 to 49 and their spouse, randomly selected from remaining members.

The Community and Facility Survey collected data from a variety of respondents including: the village leader and his staff and the leader of the village women's group; Ministry of Health clinics and subclinics; private practices of doctors, midwives, nurses, and paramedics; community-based health posts and contraceptive distribution centers; public, private, and religious elementary schools; public, private, and religious junior high schools; public, private, and religious senior high schools. Unlike many other surveys, the sample frame for the survey of facilities was drawn from the list of facilities used by household survey respondents in the area.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

1. HOUSEHOLD SELECTION

(a) SAMPLING

The IFLS sampling scheme stratified on provinces, then randomly sampled within provinces. Provinces were selected to maximize representation of the population, capture the cultural and socioeconomic diversity of Indonesia, and be cost effective given the size and terrain of the country. The far eastern provinces of East Nusa Tenggara, East Timor, Maluku and Irian Jaya were readily excluded due to the high costs of preparing for and conducting fieldwork in these more remote provinces. Aceh, Sumatra's most northern province, was deleted out of concern for the area's political violence and the potential risk to interviewers. Finally, due to their relatively higher survey costs, we omitted three provinces on each of the major islands of Sumatra (Riau, Jambi, and Bengkulu), Kalimantan (West, Central, East), and Sulawesi (North, Central, Southeast). The resulting sample consists of 13 of Indonesia's 27 provinces: four on Sumatra (North Sumatra, West Sumatra, South Sumatra, and Lampung), all five of the Javanese provinces (DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, DI Yogyakarta, and East Java), and four provinces covering the remaining major island groups (Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi). The resulting sample represents 83 percent of the Indonesian population. (see Figure 1.1 of the Overview and Field Report in External Documents). Table 2.1 of the same document shows the distribution of Indonesia's population across the 27 provinces, highlighting the 13 provinces included in the IFLS sample.

The IFLS randomly selected enumeration areas (EAs) within each of the 13 provinces. The EAs were chosen from a nationally representative sample frame used in the 1993 SUSENAS, a socioeconomic survey of about 60,000 households. The SUSENAS frame, designed by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), is based on the 1990 census. The IFLS was based on the SUSENAS sample because the BPS had recently listed and mapped each of the SUSENAS EAs (saving us time and money) and because supplementary EA-level information from the resulting 1993 SUSENAS sample could be matched to the IFLS-1 sample areas. Table 2.1 summarizes the distribution of the approximately 9,000 SUSENAS EAs included in the 13 provinces covered by the IFLS. The SUSENAS EAs each contain some 200 to 300 hundred households, although only a smaller area of about 60 to 70 households was listed by the BPS for purposes of the annual survey. Using the SUSENAS frame, the IFLS randomly selected 321 enumeration areas in the 13 provinces, over-sampling urban EAs and EAs in smaller provinces to facilitate urban rural and Javanese-non-Javanese comparisons. A straight proportional sample would likely be dominated by Javanese, who comprise more than 50 percent of the population. A total of 7,730 households were sampled to obtain a final sample size goal of 7,000 completed households. Table 2.1 shows the sampling rates that applied to each province and the resulting distribution of EAs in total, and separately by urban and rural status. Within a selected EA, households were randomly selected by field teams based upon the 1993 SUSENAS listings obtained from regional offices of the BPS. A household was defined as a group of people whose members reside in the same dwelling and share food from the same cooking pot (the standard BPS definition). Twenty households were selected from each urban EA, while thirty households were selected from each rural EA. This strategy minimizes expensive travel between rural EAs and reduces intra-cluster correlation across urban households, which tend to be more similar to one another than do rural households. Table 2.2 (Overview and Field Report) shows the resulting sample of IFLS households by province, separately by completion status.

(b) SELECTION OF RESPONDENTS WITHIN HOUSEHOLDS For each household selected, a representative member provided household-level demographic and economic information. In addition, several household members were randomly selected and asked to provide detailed individual information.

1. THE COMMUNITY SURVEY SAMPLING PROCEDURE

(a) SAMPLING

The goal of the CFS was to collect information about the communities of respondents to the household questionnaire. The information was solicited in two ways. First, the village leader of each community was interviewed about a variety of aspects of village life (the content of this questionnaire is described in the next section). Information from the village leader was supplemented by interviewing the head of the village women's group, who was asked questions regarding the availability of health facilities and schools in the area, as well as more general questions about family health in the community. In addition to the information on community characteristics provided by the two representatives of the village leadership, we visited a sample of schools and health facilities, in which we conducted detailed interviews regarding the institution's activities. A priori we wanted data on the major sources of outpatient health care, public and private, and on elementary, junior secondary, and senior secondary schools. We defined eight strata of facilities/institutions from which we wanted data. Different types of health providers make up five of the strata, while schools account for the other three. The five strata of health care providers are: government health centers and subcenters (puskesmas, puskesmas pembantu); private doctors and clinics (praktek umum/klinik); the private practices of midwives, nurses, and paramedics (perawats, bidans, paramedis, mantri); traditional practitioners (dukun, sinshe, tabib, orang pintar); and community health posts (posyandu, PPKBD).The three strata of schools are elementary, junior secondary, and senior secondary. Private, public, religious, vocational, and general schools are all eligible as long as they provide schooling at one of the three levels. Our protocol for selecting specific schools and health facilities for detailed interview reflects our desire that selected facilities represent the facilities available to members of the communities from which household survey respondents were drawn. For that reason, we were hesitant to select facilities based solely either on information from the village leader or on proximity to the village center. The option we selected instead was to sample schools and health care providers from lists provided by respondents to the household survey. For each enumeration area lists of facilities in each of the eight strata were constructed by compiling information provided by the household regarding the names and locations of facilities the household respondent either knew about or used. To generate lists of relevant health and family planning facilities, the CFS drew on two pieces of information from the household survey. The IFLS

Title of DatasetFactors related to quality of life in community-dwelling adults in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Results from a cross-sectional studyThis dataset contains the data to explore the association between quality of life among older adults age 50+ years in Indonesia and the exposure variables. The variables consist of 1) quality of life in physical and mental health summary; 2) demographic variables including age, gender, marital status, occupation, education level and living arrangements; 3) socio-economic status; 4) financial management behavior; 5) nutritional status; 6) multimorbidity; 7) cognitive impairment status; 8) depression status; 9) independence in activity daily living (ADLs); and 10) independence in instrumental activity daily living (IADLs).## Description of the data and file structureThe dataset is organized by the variables as follows:a. Age (age_k2) describe the age group of participants, divided into 3 groups: 51 – 65 years; 66 – 80 years and 81+ years.b. Gender (gender_k2) describe the gender of participants, divided into men and womenc. Marital status (marital_k2) describe the marital status of the participants, divided into married and single (not married, divorced or widowed)d. Type of occupation (occupation_k5) describe the current occupation of the participants, divided into 4 groups: 1) working in government or private sector; 2) working as farmer or laborer; 3) retired or working as others (artist, entrepreneur, etc.) and 4) not workinge. Education level (education_k2) describe the level of education of the participants, consists of 3 level: 1) Low (do not have any education or only finished elementary school); 2) middle (finished junior or senior high school); and 3) high (finished higher education)f. Living arrangements (livarr_k5) describe the living arrangements of older adults, consists of living alone or living with family member(s)g. Socioeconomic status (ses_k1) describe the socio-economic status of the participants, divided into upper, middle and lowerh. Quality of life describe the quality of life of the participants in the form of physical health summary and mental health summary. We provided the data extracted from PRO CoRE scoring software, consists of:1) The raw results of the Short Form 12 (SF-12v2) questionnaire (GH01, PF02, PF04, RP02, RP03, RE02, RE03, BP02, MH03, VT02, MH04, SF02)2) The scoring results of each domain of the questionnaire (physical functioning (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role emotional (RE) and mental health (MH))3) The norm-based score, the scores which were weighted and aggregated using the regression coefficient and intercept from the 1998 General US Population Survey, of each domain of the questionnaire (PF_NBS, RP_NBS, BP_NBS, GH_NBS, VT_NBS, SF_NBS, RE_NBS and MH_NBS)4) The score of physical and mental health summary (PCS and MCS)5) The categorization of physical and mental health summary (PCS_k1 and MCS_k1), which divided into good and poori. Financial management behavior (fmbs_k3) describe the behavior of financial management by the participants, categorized into good and moderate – poorj. Nutrition status describe the status of nutrition of the participants, grouped into: good and moderate - poork. Multimorbidity status (chronic_k1) describe the status of chronic diseases experienced by the participants, grouped into 3 categories: 1) no chronic; 2) 1 chronic; and 3) 2 or more chronic. The calculation was performed from the data of chronic disease experienced by the participants in variable ppok_1 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/COPD); asma_k1 (asthma); cancer_k1 (cancer); pjk_1 (coronary heart disease); stroke_k1 (stroke); hiper_k1 (hypertension); and dm_k1 (diabetes mellitus)l. Cognitive impairment status (dementia_k3) describe the status of cognitive impairment among the participants, consists of: moderate – severe and normal – mildm. Depression status (depress_k2) describe participants’ condition regarding depression, categorized into: at risk – depression and not at riskn. Independence in activity daily living (ADL) describe the participants condition regarding their difficulties in performing the following activities: bathing (adl1); dressing (adl2); eating (adl3); getting up from lying down (adl4); and getting to/going to the toilet (adl5). The total score was calculated and grouped using the variable of activity daily living (adl_k3) categorized into independent (had none or mild difficulties in performing all tasks) and dependent (had at least one moderate, hard or extreme difficulties in performing any task)o. Independence in instrumental activity daily living (IADL) describe the participants condition regarding their difficulties in performing the following activities: taking care of household responsibility (iadl1); participating in community activities (iadl2); using public or private transportation (iadl3); and going where they wanted to go (iadl4). The total score was calculated and grouped using the variable of instrumental activity daily living (iadl_k3) categorized into independent (had none or mild difficulties in performing all tasks) and dependent (had at least one moderate, hard or extreme difficulties in performing any task)## Sharing/Access informationThere is no other way to access the data. Any inquiries or further access of the data can be requested through personal correspondence to the corresponding author (Fitrina M Kusumaningrum, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, email: fitrina.mahardani.k@mail.ugm.ac.id)

As of 2024, around ** percent of Indonesians aged 15 years and above had completed senior high school or more. On the other hand, nearly ***** percent of Indonesians never went to school. Education quality and employment In Indonesia, completing 12 years of education is mandatory, which consists of six years of primary school, three years of middle school, and three years of high school. Despite the decreasing unemployment rate over the years, many high-school and even university graduates still struggled to find jobs, highlighting the urgency in aligning the education system in Indonesia with the job market demands. Access to education While progress has been made in expanding access to education in Indonesia, many obstacles are still found in certain areas. Economic factors are said to be the leading issue in pursuing higher education, forcing many students to drop out of school to contribute to their family’s income. In 2024, Mountains Papua had the highest share of students who had to work and study simultaneously. The government has been gradually increasing the budget for education in Indonesia, including specific budget allocations for higher education and the 12-year compulsory education program, aiming to improve access and equity in education.

Abstract

National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.

SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1. Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2. Unemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3. Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).

The data was gathered in February 2010 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 69.824 total number of households in 4.364 of census blocks in all provinces of Indonesia including urban and rural area. The main household data is taken from core questionnaires SAK09-AK.

Geographic coverage

National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until provincial level.

*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10+ years resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

Sakernas February 2010 is implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 69.824 households, scattered on 4.364 census blocks from all provinces, both in rural and urban areas. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

The sampling method* for SAKERNAS 2010 is probability sampling with two-stage cluster sampling technique where census blocks as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. These census blocks (PSUs) were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected census blocks. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also the sample size allocation across strata. The sampling frame used for the 2011 and later Sakernas surveys is sample frame of Population Census 2010 (SP 2010). Sampling frame** used in Sakernas August 2010 is the list of chosen census blocks from Sakernas 2007, using the "list head of household names" result of August 2007's listing process. This sampling frame is used for sampling period 2008 to 2010 (February and August).

*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).

**) Commonly annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based cencus like Economic Census, e.g. in forming block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.

A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.

Cleaning operations

Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of: - Batching - Editing - Coding - Data Entry - Validation - Tabulate

Sampling error estimates

Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.

Statistics from the 2018 National Social and Economic Survey revealed that one out of nine young females in Indonesia have been in female child marriage, and the prevalence remains high. Considering the serious consequences of female child marriage and that Sustainable Development Goal 5 on gender equality has targeted the elimination of female child marriage by 2030, a study concerning the prevalence and determinants of female child marriage needs to be conducted in Indonesia. In this paper, we examined the prevalence of and factors associated with female child marriage in Indonesia using binary logistic regression. We examined data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2017. A sample of 9,333 young females aged 15–20 years was included in the study. Our analysis involved descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis. The results are presented in percentages and odds ratios (OR), with their respective confidence intervals. Our findings indicate that health insurance and sex of household head did not significantly influence female child marriage. The prevalence of female child marriage in Indonesia was quite high, reaching about 12.53%. Females with no education [OR = 76.448; (CI = 29.73–196.70)], not working [OR = 1.662; (CI = 1.41–1.94)], those with the poorest wealth index [OR = 3.215; (CI = 2.336–4.425)], those living in the east of Indonesia [OR = 1.451; (CI = 1.132–1.862)], and those living in rural areas [OR = 0.718; (CI = 0.609–0.844)] had the higher odds of experiencing female child marriage. Meanwhile, females with a secondary education level [OR = 16.296; (CI = 11.098–23.930)], those with a rich wealth index [OR = 1.940; (CI = 1.404–2.681)], and those living in the middle of Indonesia [OR = 1.263; (CI = 1.074–1.487)] were less likely to experience female child marriage. Educational background was the most significant factor influencing the high prevalence of female child marriage in Indonesia. Female empowerment through education as well as poverty alleviation were factors that could be strengthened to ensure that female child marriage is reduced or eliminated in Indonesia. Equality of access to information and better quality of education also need to be prioritized.

Abstract

National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.

SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).

The data was gathered in February 2008 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 69.824 households scattered in 4.364 census blocks, both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaires SAK08-AK February 2008.

A special module was added in this SAKERNAS February 2008, asking questions about job-seeking, training, union membership, contract workers, and severance payments, aimed at providing a better understanding of the main obstacles to employment creation.

Geographic coverage

National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until provincial level.

*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10+ years resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAKERNAS February 2008 was implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 69.824 households scattered in 4.364 census blocks from all provinces in Indonesia, both in rural and urban areas. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

The sampling design for SAKERNAS 2008 is a two-stage cluster sampling design with census blocks as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, nor stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strata. Sampling frame** used in SAKERNAS February 2008 is the list of chosen census blocks from Sakernas 2007, using the "list head of household names" result of August 2007's listing process. This sampling frame is used for sampling period 2008 to 2010 (February and August).

*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).

**) Commonly annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based cencus like Economic Census, e.g. in forming block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.

A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.

Cleaning operations

Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of: - Batching - Editing - Coding - Data Entry - Validation - Tabulate

Sampling error estimates

Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.

Abstract

National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.

SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment and underemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).

The data was gathered in February 2005 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 69.408 households, scattered both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaire of SAK05-AK February 2005.

Geographic coverage

National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until provincial level.

*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10 years and over that resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAKERNAS February 2005 was implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 69.408 households, both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

The sampling method for SAKERNAS 2005 is multi-stages sampling (two stages if census sub-block is not used, or three stages with census sub-block) design with census block/sub-block as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strataand also detail information about sample frame**.

*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).

**) Commonly annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based cencus like Economic Census, e.g. in forming block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.

A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.

Cleaning operations

Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of: - Batching - Editing - Coding - Data Entry - Validation - Tabulation

Sampling error estimates

Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.

Abstract

National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.

SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment and underemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).

The data was gathered in February 2006 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 68.800 households, scattered both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaire of SAK06-AK February 2006.

Geographic coverage

National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until provincial level.

*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10 years and over that resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAKERNAS February 2006 was implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 68.800 households, both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

The sampling method* for SAKERNAS 2006 is multi-stages sampling (two stages if census sub-block is not used, or three stages with census sub-block) design with census block/sub-block as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. Method of rotation also used where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strataand also detail information about sample frame**.

*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).

**) Commonly annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based cencus like Economic Census, e.g. in forming block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.

A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.

Cleaning operations

Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of: - Batching - Editing - Coding - Data Entry - Validation - Tabulation

Sampling error estimates

Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.

Abstract

National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.

SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).

The data was gathered in February 2007 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 69.824 households scattered on 4.364 census blocks, both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaire of SAK07-AK February 2007.

Geographic coverage

National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until provincial level.

*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10+ years resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

SAKERNAS February 2007 was implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 69.824 households scattered on 4.364 census blocks, both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

The sampling method* for SAKERNAS 2007 is a two-stage cluster sampling design with census blocks as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strataand also detail information about sample frame**.

*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).

**) Commonly annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based cencus like Economic Census, e.g. in forming block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.

A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.

Cleaning operations

Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of: - Batching - Editing - Coding - Data Entry - Validation - Tabulation

Sampling error estimates

Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.