It can be seen that industrial buildings in the category of basic warehouse and factory units had construction costs of 1.9 thousand zloty per square meter at that time, making these the cheapest industrial buildings to construct of the building types under observation.

 Building costs per square meter of internal area in Poland  

There is a constant increase in new office investments in Poland. The supply has been high recently, but the demand still seems to be unmet. This is reflected in the commissioning of new office buildings, especially in the largest cities in the country. The office construction costs oscillated in terms of the type of the building. Business parks had the lowest construction costs on the market.

For commercial real estate, shopping centers invariably remain the dominant format in the retail space market in Poland. Building costs per square meter of a large shopping centers and malls in Poland, amounted to over 3.6 thousand zloty in 2018. Saturation of the market in major agglomerations, visible changes in customers' behavior, and expectations influence changes in the planned supply of retail facilities. In the coming years, the supply will be affected by the increased demand for small shopping centers, retail parks, and multifunctional facilities.

 Average prices of apartments in Poland  

Rates dictated by sellers in Poland have broken records on both, the primary and the secondary markets. In January 2020, the average offer price of a new flat in Warsaw (excluding the area) approached 12 thousand zloty per square meter. The average prices of apartments in Warsaw on the primary market increased by 11 percent in 2019 year-on-year. Records were particularly strong for the smallest flats, up to 38 sq.m. Those looking for such space in Warsaw had to reckon with an average price exceeding 12 thousand zloty per sq.m. The situation on the secondary market and the rental market looked hardly better. Apartment prices are rising, and the situation related to the coronavirus epidemic had little impact on the price behavior on the Polish residential property market in the short term. In the long run, changes in credit conditions introduced by banks may have a final impact on demand, which will affect the price of apartments on the market.

New York had one of the highest construction costs for prime offices in the United States, at over 660 U.S. dollars per square foot on average. In addition to the 541-meter One World Trade Center building, New York City also has some of the tallest skyscrapers in the United States. What element affect construction costs? Location and topography have a big impact on construction costs, for example, earthquake-prone zones have more stringent building requirements which will affect cost of materials, supplies, and labor. Increased interest in sustainability has also prompted sustainable certification across the country, most noticeably as LEED-registered offices. Slow growth of the office construction segmentThe value of new private office construction in the U.S. has kept rising in the past years, but at a slower rate than before 2019. The changes in the way people work, with part of the workforce working from home at least part of their week might have hindered investment in office real estate.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Com Bldg: House in Advance: Guangdong data was reported at 18,180.612 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,907.756 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Com Bldg: House in Advance: Guangdong data is updated monthly, averaging 14,405.530 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 166 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,732.148 RMB/sq m in Feb 2014 and a record low of 9,064.000 RMB/sq m in Mar 2008. Property Price: YTD Avg: Com Bldg: House in Advance: Guangdong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Kigali (Rwanda) and Lagos (Nigeria) were among the African cities with the highest construction costs for industrial buildings. An average heavy duty factory in Gaborone (Botswana) cost around 1,456 U.S. dollars per square meter to build. That year, Dar es Salaam and Nairobi were some of the African cities with relatively lower construction costs for residential buildings.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Tianjin data was reported at 16,923.412 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,795.006 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Tianjin data is updated monthly, averaging 13,107.429 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 167 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23,698.653 RMB/sq m in Feb 2017 and a record low of 5,148.000 RMB/sq m in Feb 2007. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Tianjin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Rents for industrial real estate in the U.S. have increased since 2017, with flexible/service space reaching the highest price per square foot in 2024. In just a year, the cost of, flex/service space rose by nearly five U.S. dollars per square foot. Manufacturing facilities, warehouses, and distribution centers had lower rents and experienced milder growth. Los Angeles, Orange County, and Inland Empire, California, are some of the most expensive markets in the country. Office real estate is pricier Industrial real estate is far from being the most expensive commercial property type. For instance, average rental rates in major U.S. metros for office space are much higher than those for industrial space. This is most likely because office units are generally located in urban areas where there is limited space and thus higher demand, whereas industrial units are more suited to the outskirts of such urban areas. Industrial units, such as warehouses or factories, require much more space because they need to house large, heavy equipment or serve as a storage unit for future shipments. Big-box distribution space is gaining in importance Warehouses and distribution may currently command the lowest average rent per square foot among industrial space types, but the growing popularity of the asset class has earned it considerable gains over the past years. In 2021 and 2022, high occupier demand and insufficient supply led to soaring taking rent of big-box buildings. During that time, the vacancy rate of distribution centers fell below six percent. The development of industrial and logistics facilities has accelerated since then, with the new supply coming to market causing the vacancy rate to increase and the pressures on rent to ease.

China Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Existing House: Overall data was reported at 8,789.830 RMB/sq m in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8,891.123 RMB/sq m for Nov 2024. China Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Existing House: Overall data is updated monthly, averaging 8,673.504 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 227 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,824.073 RMB/sq m in Mar 2019 and a record low of 4,227.000 RMB/sq m in Jun 2006. China Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Existing House: Overall data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Beijing data was reported at 31,017.335 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 29,988.388 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Beijing data is updated monthly, averaging 24,347.845 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 167 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 46,813.679 RMB/sq m in Apr 2017 and a record low of 10,201.000 RMB/sq m in Feb 2008. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Beijing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Fujian data was reported at 11,098.867 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 10,996.209 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Fujian data is updated monthly, averaging 11,991.912 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 167 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,161.697 RMB/sq m in Mar 2019 and a record low of 7,764.146 RMB/sq m in Apr 2010. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Fujian data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

In 2024, London was still the most expensive UK city for office construction. This was true at least for the cities included in the list, and it applies to prestige and A-Grade offices. Both A-Grade and prestige offices in London were more expensive than any type of office construction in Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, or Leeds. After London, Cambridge and Oxford are also some of the other UK cities with the highest house prices in 2023. Office rents in London Not only did London prove to have high building costs, rents for prime offices were equally high, with the West End core as the most expensive districts in the city. The area to the North of Buckingham Palace is known for its exclusive townhouses largely owned by the foreign elite and upscale hotels and restaurants. Stratford and the rest of the Docklands were the cheapest districts in London. Office investments in the UK In the last quarter of 2023, the value of office investments in London increased slightly in comparison to previous quarters. Investments in the City and Southbank, however, dropped in value. The volume of investment in commercial real estate in the UK fluctuated a lot in the past months, with some years showing high volumes of investment in office real estate, and other months where those values fell rapidly.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Com Bldg: House in Advance: Hebei data was reported at 9,999.799 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10,369.593 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Com Bldg: House in Advance: Hebei data is updated monthly, averaging 7,487.366 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 167 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12,452.213 RMB/sq m in Feb 2018 and a record low of 2,237.000 RMB/sq m in May 2006. Property Price: YTD Avg: Com Bldg: House in Advance: Hebei data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

The Spain prefabricated buildings market, valued at €5.20 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing demand for affordable and sustainable housing solutions, rapid urbanization, and government initiatives promoting sustainable construction practices. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.28% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a steady expansion. Key growth drivers include the rising popularity of modular construction techniques, which offer faster construction timelines and reduced labor costs, and a growing preference for eco-friendly building materials like timber and recycled materials. The residential segment is expected to dominate the market, fueled by increasing housing shortages and the affordability benefits of prefabricated homes. However, challenges remain, including regulatory hurdles surrounding building codes and public perception regarding the quality and durability of prefabricated structures. Overcoming these hurdles will be crucial to unlocking the full market potential. Prominent market players like Europa Prefabri, Cualimetal, and Atlantida Homes are shaping the market landscape through innovation in design, material sourcing, and construction processes. The market segmentation by material type (concrete, glass, metal, timber, others) and application (residential, commercial, others) highlights diverse opportunities for specialized players. Future growth will depend on addressing sustainability concerns, embracing technological advancements in prefabrication, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences. The market's growth trajectory suggests a significant increase in market value over the forecast period (2025-2033). While specific regional data for Spain is not provided, projecting the market size based on the CAGR, we anticipate a steady and consistent expansion across different segments. The continued growth of the construction sector in Spain, combined with the inherent advantages of prefabricated buildings, points towards a promising outlook for this market. Companies focusing on product diversification, technological advancements, and strategic partnerships will likely be best positioned for success. The market's evolution will be shaped by a confluence of factors: technological innovations, sustainable practices, evolving building codes and consumer demands, and the overall economic climate in Spain. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Spain prefabricated buildings market, offering valuable insights into market size, growth drivers, challenges, and future trends. The study period covers 2019-2033, with 2025 serving as the base and estimated year. The report utilizes data from the historical period (2019-2024) to forecast market dynamics from 2025 to 2033, offering a crucial resource for businesses seeking to understand and capitalize on opportunities within this dynamic sector. This analysis encompasses various segments, including material type (concrete, glass, metal, timber, other), application (residential, commercial, other), and key players such as Europa Prefabri, Cualimetal, Atlantida Homes, and more. Recent developments include: November 2023: Algeco, the world’s largest modular and off-site building solutions brand in Europe, has secured a large order for new, state-of-the-art GRIDSERVE Electrical Forecourts® The latest generation of Algeco modular buildings are helping to meet the increasing demand for GrisEnergy Electric Forecourts®, across the nation., September 2023: ADRA in Spain, with the help of donors and partners within ADRA's global network, has funded the construction of 8 prefabricated shelters in one of the villages in the Atlas Mountains near the epicenter of the earthquake in Morocco. The project consists of 8 modular houses, each 16 square meters (172 square feet) long, that will provide families with a temporary, safe, and high-quality shelter. Each module will have 4 bedrooms, a latrine, a shower, and a communal kitchen. An outdoor area will be provided for children to have a place to play.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in residential construction driving the market, Development of hospitality infrastructure driving the market. Potential restraints include: Limited access to financing, Shortage of skilled labor. Notable trends are: Increase in investment among infrastructural sector.

Ambulatory healthcare was the type of building with the highest construction costs in Ontario (Canada) in 2023. The cost of that type of building ranged from 7,110 to 8,750 Canadian dollars per square meter. Townhouses with mid-end specifications were, along with warehouses, among the cheapest buildings to construct, even though the townhouse sale price in Canada was much higher in 2023 than in a decade earlier. On the other side of the residential spectrum, the construction cost of high-rise buildings with mid-end specifications could reach up to 5,370 Canadian dollars per square meter. The housing sector in Ontario The fast population growth in Toronto, the main city in Ontario, has put pressure on its housing market. From 2001 to 2022, the number of people living in Canada’s largest city increased by over 37 percent. During the past years, house prices in Ontario rose at a similarly fast pace. Combined, these elements signal a strong demand for homes in Toronto and Ontario as a whole. The construction sector has responded to this trend: In 2022, most housing starts in Canada took place in the province of Ontario. That same year, EllisDon Corporation, with headquarters in Mississauga (Ontario), was the second-largest contractor in Canada. One of its largest residential/mixed-use projects under development is the 489-539 King St. West Development, in Toronto. Construction cost in North America Building construction costs in Quebec, the second most populous province in Canada after Ontario, had a similar cost range: Ambulatory healthcare buildings were the most expensive, and warehouses were the cheapest to build. However, enclosed malls and higher education buildings were significantly more expensive in Quebec than in Ontario. Across the border, the cities with the highest residential construction costs in the U.S. were San Francisco for multi-family housing, and New York City for single-family housing. Meanwhile, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York had the highest hotel construction costs in the U.S.

In 2023, on average, one square meter of commercial premises cost the most in Poland, at over 8,800 zloty. The average price of office units reached 8,200 zloty per sqm.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Guizhou data was reported at 10,877.341 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 10,467.355 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Guizhou data is updated monthly, averaging 8,616.725 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 165 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11,581.601 RMB/sq m in Mar 2012 and a record low of 3,830.000 RMB/sq m in Feb 2006. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Guizhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Ningxia data was reported at 7,560.304 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7,631.613 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Ningxia data is updated monthly, averaging 6,547.492 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 165 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9,793.383 RMB/sq m in Feb 2014 and a record low of 3,482.000 RMB/sq m in Apr 2006. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Ningxia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Anhui data was reported at 8,858.368 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 8,857.228 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Anhui data is updated monthly, averaging 8,121.822 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 167 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,129.507 RMB/sq m in Mar 2016 and a record low of 3,714.000 RMB/sq m in Dec 2006. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Anhui data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Brazil Construction Cost: Average: North: Equipment data was reported at 7.360 BRL/sq m in May 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.300 BRL/sq m for Apr 2019. Brazil Construction Cost: Average: North: Equipment data is updated monthly, averaging 7.700 BRL/sq m from Feb 2007 (Median) to May 2019, with 148 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.550 BRL/sq m in Mar 2019 and a record low of 3.700 BRL/sq m in May 2007. Brazil Construction Cost: Average: North: Equipment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Chamber of Construction Industry. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Construction and Properties Sector – Table BR.EA004: Construction Cost: Average: by Activity and Region.

Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Shanghai data was reported at 29,003.298 RMB/sq m in Dec 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 29,250.505 RMB/sq m for Nov 2019. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Shanghai data is updated monthly, averaging 18,312.064 RMB/sq m from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 167 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 54,695.501 RMB/sq m in Feb 2019 and a record low of 5,982.000 RMB/sq m in Mar 2006. Property Price: YTD Avg: Commercial Bldg: Shanghai data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Price – Table CN.PD: NBS: Property Price: Commercial Building: Monthly.

Brazil Construction Cost: Average: South: Labour data was reported at 890.850 BRL/sq m in May 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 887.400 BRL/sq m for Apr 2019. Brazil Construction Cost: Average: South: Labour data is updated monthly, averaging 565.370 BRL/sq m from Feb 2007 (Median) to May 2019, with 148 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 890.850 BRL/sq m in May 2019 and a record low of 316.700 BRL/sq m in Mar 2007. Brazil Construction Cost: Average: South: Labour data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Brazilian Chamber of Construction Industry. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Construction and Properties Sector – Table BR.EA004: Construction Cost: Average: by Activity and Region.