Tariffs have long been central tool in global trade policy. Learn how tariffs affect critical US industries, and how businesses are navigating their impacts.

This statistic shows the results of a survey conducted among American companies in China on the perceived impact on their businesses of the U.S.-China trade tariffs as of September 2018. During the survey period, **** percent of the surveyed American companies in China responded that the combined U.S.-China trade tariffs increased their cost of manufacturing.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in How the United States marched the semiconductor industry into its trade war with China, PIIE Working Paper 20-16.

If you use the data, please cite as: Bown, Chad P. (2020). How the United States marched the semiconductor industry into its trade war with China. PIIE Working Paper 20-16. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

The U.S. fireworks industry struggles with trade tensions and tariffs on Chinese imports, affecting prices and national celebrations as the 250th anniversary approaches.

According to a survey for experts on Southeast Asia from the various industries and in academia in Singapore, **** percent of those surveyed said that the impact of the trade war was still unclear at this moment. However, **** percent were of the opinion that Singapore will be negatively affected because the trade war would disrupt regional supply chains. The US-China trade war has already affected the global trade and economy. As a transshipment hub, Singapore's economy would be greatly affected by a slowdown in global trade.

In 2024, Chinese exports of trade goods to the United States amounted to about 438.95 billion U.S. dollars; a significant increase from 1985 levels, when imports from China amounted to about 3.86 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. exports to China Compared to U.S. imports from China, the value of U.S. exports to China in 2020 amounted to 427.23billion U.S. dollars. China is the United States’ largest trading partner, while China was the United States third largest goods export market. Some of the leading exports to China in the agricultural sector included soybeans, cotton, and pork products. Texas was the leading state that exported to China in 2020 based on total value of goods exports, at 16.9 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. - China trade war The trade war between the United States and China is an economic conflict between two of the world’s largest national economies. It started in 2018 when U.S. President Donald Trump started putting tariffs and trade barriers on China, with the intent to get China to conform to Trump’s wishes. President Trump claimed that China has unfair trade businesses. As a result of this trade war, it has caused a lot of tension between the U.S. and China. Nearly half of American companies impacted by the U.S.-China trade tariffs said that the trade war increased their cost of manufacturing. The healthcare product industry has suffered the most from the trade war in regards to reduced profits.

The US oil industry faces challenges from Trump's trade policies, with falling crude prices and potential job losses impacting the sector.

Currently, China manufactures about ** percent of intermediate products traded in the global supply chain and Chinese intermediate products represent a critical element of the global value chain of the metal and metal products sector. For this reason, the disruption caused by COVID-19 in China alone is expected to reverberate on the economy of many other countries worldwide. In the European Union, the metal industry is expected to lose over *********** U.S. dollars from a *** percent reduction in China exports of intermediate inputs.

China's output of metal products As a fast-growing economy, China is one of the major producers of various metals necessary for industrial production. The country produces metals not only to meet the internal demand, but also to export overseas. As of 2017, China’s raw steel production was over *** million metric tons. Its export volume of semi-finished and finished steel products amounted to over ** million metric tons in 2018. In the same year, rolled aluminum exports from China were worth over ** billion U.S. dollars, up from *** billion U.S. dollars in 2009. China’s share of fabricated metal product exports between 2013 and 2017 accounted for ** percent of the global market.

International trade of metals In 2018, China was the largest steel exporter, with a trade surplus of **** million metric tons. On the other hand, Europe and North America were major importers of steel. That year, the trade deficit of North American steel imports and exports amounted to **** million metric tons. During that same year, Japan was the second-largest steel exporter, with approximately ** million metric tons of steel exported to countries across the globe. Despite the large trade flows of metal products across countries, some countries impose various trade restrictions to favor local producers of metals. Currently, the trade war between the U.S. and China is one of the major events affecting global trade. As of February 2020, the estimated levy from tariffs imposed on U.S. steel and aluminum imports to China amounted to about *********** U.S. dollars.

Discover how Xi Jinping's agreements with Vietnam are seen as a strategic move to counter U.S. tariffs, affecting global trade.

In July 2025, China’s total exports surged by *** percent year-over-year. This marked an increase seen in the previous month.Export industry developmentIn the past decade, China has been the largest exporter of goods in the world, accounting for nearly ***** percent of the total global merchandise exports as of 2023. The country’s exports dropped significantly the year after the global financial crisis of 2007-2008, yet reached its record growth of 31.3 percent in 2010. Chinese export growth has been decelerating as a result of the Sino-U.S. trade war between 2017 and 2020. The outbreak of the global Coronavirus pandemic, however, provided the country with a new opportunity in its export trade. That year, China recorded over ** percent year-on-year growth in exports.Export partnersASEAN countries, the the United States, and European Union were China’s leading export trade partners in 2024. These regions accounted for around ********** of all exports from China that year. That year, China also hit another record for exports to countries along the BRI (belt-and-road initiative).

China has long been the largest global footwear manufacturer, supplying products to countries all over the world. However, in recent years, fierce international competition and manufacturing being transferred to Southeast Asia have challenged the industry. In addition, the COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected the Footwear Manufacturing industry in China in 2020. Over the five years through 2025, industry revenue is expected to increase at an annualized 2.7%. In 2025, revenue is estimated to increase by 5.8%. The largest product segment of the industry is rubber shoes.Exports are expected to increase by 5.2% in 2025 and exports as a share of industry revenue are estimated at 34.4%. In 2019, due to the impact of the Sino-US trade war, the United States government raised tariffs on imports of footwear products, which limited the growth of exports to the United States. In 2020, due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have reduced their imports of footwear. Exports decreased sharply, down by 20.5% from 2019. Competing imports make up a smaller proportion of the industry, accounting for 6.0% of domestic demand.Industry revenue is forecast to grow steadily over the next five years at an annualized 2.0% over the next five years. The industry competition is intensified and has a low level of concentration. The industry M&A activities will become more frequent. As China's labor costs rise, export price advantages will decrease. Some Southeast Asian countries, like Vietnam, will to some degree replace China as manufacturers of low-priced footwear.

Agribusiness includes the production, wholesale and processing levels of the food supply chain to the point of retail sale. Businesses in the industry include meat processors, grain wholesalers, agricultural machinery manufacturers and farmers. In recent years, COVID-19 caused revenue for the industry to decline, as spending on food away from home took a big hit. Despite this, agribusinesses benefited from the fact that grocery spending was still strong. The recovery from the pandemic created supply chain disruptions and excess demand, which resulted in high agricultural prices, boosting revenue. The relaxation of pandemic restrictions also made more people eat out, creating another source of income for agribusinesses.Despite these positive trends, the industry faces major threats from rising interest rates, which has made the cost of borrowing for new food processing plants and farm equipment more expensive, causing revenue to drop in 2022 and 2023. International markets have also disrupted agribusinesses, as trade wars and the appreciating dollar has caused exports and revenue to fall. Overall, revenue for agribusiness has declined at a CAGR of 0.7% over the past five years, reaching $4.1 trillion in 2023. Revenue will creep downward 1.9% in that year.The near future looks more optimistic for agribusinesses. The growing economy will result in rising incomes, raising spending on agricultural products and boosting revenue. The dollar will also depreciate, causing a boom in exports and reviving international markets. Biofuels are forecast to become more important, as concerns about climate change will increase their production. Since biofuels are made from crops, more investment in them will benefit the industry. Agricultural prices will decline modestly, so this will dampen the performance of agribusinesses somewhat. Overall, revenue for agribusiness will rise at a CAGR of 0.5% during the outlook period, reaching $4.2 trillion in 2028. Profit will remain steady, comprising 4.8% of revenue in 2028.

Snapshot img { margin: 10px !important; } The discrete semiconductors market share is expected to increase by USD 4.04 billion from 2020 to 2025, and the market’s growth momentum will decelerate at a CAGR of 3%.

This discrete semiconductors market research report provides valuable insights on the post COVID-19 impact on the market, which will help companies evaluate their business approaches. Furthermore, this report extensively covers market segmentations by application (Consumer Electronics, ICT, Industrial, and Automotive) and geography (APAC, North America, Europe, MEA, and South America). The discrete semiconductors market report also offers information on several market vendors, including Diodes Inc., Eaton Corporation Plc, Hitachi Ltd., Infineon Technologies AG, Nexperia BV, NXP Semiconductors NV, ON Semiconductor Corp., STMicroelectronics NV, Toshiba Corp., and Vishay Intertechnology Inc. among others.

What will the Discrete Semiconductors Market Size be During the Forecast Period?

Download the Free Report Sample to Unlock the Discrete Semiconductors Market Size for the Forecast Period and Other Important Statistics

Discrete Semiconductors Market: Key Drivers and Trends

Based on our research output, there has been a negative impact on the market growth during and post COVID-19 era. The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) is notably driving the discrete semiconductors market growth, although factors such as the us-china trade war may impede the market growth. Our research analysts have studied the historical data and deduced the key market drivers and the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the discrete semiconductors industry. The holistic analysis of the drivers will help in deducing end goals and refining marketing strategies to gain a competitive edge.

Key Driver for the Discrete Semiconductors Market

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the driving factors for the market in focus. The IoT is a system of interrelated devices or things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity. The IoT technology enables Internet-connected devices to use sensors and actuators to collect, record, and transmit data to other computing devices on a real-time basis. The demand for these IoT devices is primarily being driven by the developments in wired and wireless communication technologies. The robust growth of the IoT in all key geographies is increasing the demand for IoT chipsets for integration into IoT devices. This, in turn, is driving the demand for discrete semiconductors.

Key Challenge for the Discrete Semiconductors Market

The US-China trade war is one of the key challenges for the market in focus. The global semiconductor industry is being significantly impacted by the ongoing trade war between the US and China. The US and China are two of the strongest economies in the world, and disruptions in businesses in these countries are being felt by many other countries worldwide. The imposition of steep tariffs on many goods and services has been making it difficult for business owners to operate in these countries. Since electronic components like discrete semiconductors have also witnessed an increase in tariffs, their higher ASP has been increasing the final price of the solutions these components are used in. This is affecting the demand for discrete semiconductors manufactured in these two countries.

This discrete semiconductors market analysis report also provides detailed information on other upcoming trends and challenges that will have a far-reaching effect on the market growth. The actionable insights on the trends and challenges will help companies evaluate and develop growth strategies for 2021-2025.

Who are the Major Discrete Semiconductors Market Vendors?

The report analyzes the market’s competitive landscape and offers information on several market vendors, including:

Diodes Inc.
Eaton Corporation Plc
Hitachi Ltd.
Infineon Technologies AG
Nexperia BV
NXP Semiconductors NV
ON Semiconductor Corp.
STMicroelectronics NV
Toshiba Corp.
Vishay Intertechnology Inc.

This statistical study of the discrete semiconductors market encompasses successful business strategies deployed by the key vendors. The discrete semiconductors market is concentrated and the vendors are deploying various organic and inorganic growth strategies to compete in the market.

To make the most of the opportunities and recover from post COVID-19 impact, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments, while maintaining their positions in the slow-growing segments.

The discrete semiconductors market forecast report offers in-depth insights into key vendor profiles. The profiles include information on the production, sustainability, and prospects of the leading companies.

Which are the Key Regions for Discrete Semiconductors Market?

For more insights on the market share of various regions Request for

Snapshot img

Smartphone Market Size 2025-2029

The smartphone market size is forecast to increase by USD 99.8 million, at a CAGR of 4.1% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by several key trends. One major factor is the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in smartphones, enhancing user experience through features like voice recognition and facial recognition. Sensor fusion technology is another trend, enabling devices to collect and analyze data from various sensors for improved functionality and accuracy. However, ongoing trade wars are posing challenges to market growth, with tariffs and import taxes affecting smartphone sales, particularly in key markets. These trends and challenges are shaping the future of the smartphone industry.

What will be the Size of the Smartphone Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market continues to evolve, driven by advancements in telecom infrastructure and the proliferation of affordable handsets. Mobile phone users increasingly seek devices capable of leveraging 5G network technologies, with chipmakers responding by producing 5G chips for integration into mobile handsets. Android and Windows Phone operating systems dominate the market, while third-party originators challenge the status quo. Improved hardware and software capabilities enable advanced digital functions such as web browsing, music, video, gaming, and camera capability. The integration of artificial intelligence enhances user experience. Governmental assistance and the transition from feature phones to smartphones further fuel market growth. Overall, the market remains dynamic, with a focus on affordable, high-performance devices that cater to the diverse needs of consumers.

How is this Smartphone Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The smartphone industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Technology

  Android
  IOS
  Others


Price Range

  Between USD 150-USD 800
  Greater than USD 800
  Less than USD150


Screen Size

  Greater than 6 inches
  Between 5-6 inches
  Less than 5 inches


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France


  North America

    Canada
    US


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

    Brazil

By Technology Insights

The android segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The Android operating system, provided by Alphabet Inc. (Google), is a globally popular choice for smartphones. With over 2.5 million apps available In the Google Play Store, users have access to a vast selection of applications catering to their diverse needs. Notable features of the Android OS include smart reply for messaging apps, focus mode options, Wi-Fi sharing via QR codes, and Google Assistant. Google offers essential web services such as Google Search, Google Maps, and YouTube free of charge. The Android OS's extensive feature set has contributed to its increasing popularity among consumers worldwide.

In addition, high-speed data connectivity and integration with Internet of Things (IoT) applications further enhance its appeal. Application developers create software for various lifestyle, social media, mobile utility, and other categories, ensuring a rich and diverse app ecosystem. The Android OS is written primarily in Java and C++, with support for in-app purchases and in-app course subscriptions.

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The android segment was valued at USD 203.60 million in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 48% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market in APAC has experienced substantial growth, with China, Japan, India, South Korea, and Indonesia being the primary contributors to revenue generation. The expansion of urban populations and the subsequent increase in disposable income have fueled the demand for smartphones In the region. Key drivers of this market growth include the advancement of telecom infrastructure and the emergence of affordable smartphone options. Major global smartphone manufacturers have established manufacturing facilities in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and India to cater to the increasing demand.

Additionally, digital information consumption, human-computer interaction advancements, and t

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The probe card market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast period. Growing investment in fabs, drivers.2, and drivers.3 are some of the significant factors fueling probe card market growth.

Growing investment in fabs

After the 2016 economic crisis, which affected the growth of industrial manufacturing processes in Brazil, major industries such as automotive and electrical and electronics witnessed an upsurge in 2018. The automotive industry witnessed a steep growth in 2018. The demand for semiconductor components in South America is mainly driven by the rise in automobile production in the region. Semiconductor components such as metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors are used in automobiles for multiple applications, including electronic control units, motor drives, and advanced driver-assistance systems. They are used for switching applications as well as power supply management. The growing automotive industry in Brazil is primarily driving the semiconductor components industry, and subsequently, the probe card market in semiconductor manufacturing in the region. Several major OEMs of passenger cars, trucks, light commercial vehicles, and buses are present in Brazil. Popular OEMs such as Volkswagen AG and General Motors Co. have their production plants in the country. These companies are investing in the automotive industry in Brazil, owing to the government’s financial support. For instance, in November 2018, Brazil’s lower house of Congress introduced the Rota 2030 program, which will run for 15 years. Under this program, companies in the automotive industry will get tax credits for the next five years. Furthermore, with the on-and-off trade war with Mexico, the automotive and semiconductor manufacturing companies in the US find it more feasible to set up production units in South America. Hence, with the rise in automotive production in the region, the demand for semiconductor components and their testing is expected to increase, which will subsequently create growth opportunities for semiconductor testing components, such as probe cards, in the region.

Learn about the factors that determine the LME aluminium alloy price, and how it has been affected by global events such as COVID-19 and the US-China trade war. Discover the current price and future outlook for the aluminium market, used in industries including aerospace, construction, and engineering.

In 1635 or shortly thereafter, a Dutch ship was laden with all sorts of materials and products, mostly metals, but also textiles from the booming wool industries in both Flanders and Holland, a shipment of leather and exotic ivory. It was a ship of considerable size (at least 300 last) and departed from the Dutch Republic at a time of profound troubles. The Eighty Years’ War between the Republic and Spain was far from settled. War at sea was unremitting and intensifying, with Dunkirk privateers an unruly menace to Dutch shipping. Spanish rule in the southern Low Countries was highly militarised, and constant campaigns were waged against it from the North. Central Europe was devastated by the Thirty Years’ War, which had entered a new phase through new alliances. The heavy and strategically valuable cargo of the Dutch ship was assembled from North and South, as well as from a range of places in central Europe. The ship departed for a destination that it never reached. It sank off the coast of Texel, where it was discovered 350 years later. From 1985 to 1999 the wreck site and finds were subject to archaeological research, producing information on the ship, its setting and historical context as well as on the production and distribution of the individual shipments in the cargo, and informing us about the structure of early modern industry and trade, operating despite and because of the war. The present study, initiated by Wilma Gijsbers in 2010 and supported by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), the Maritime Archaeology Programme at the University of Southern Denmark (MAP-SDU) and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; a one-year Odyssee grant), is the first to bring together all this evidence and evaluate it as a whole.

In 2024, the employment rate in China decreased to around 62.4 percent, from 62.8 percent in the previous year. China is the world’s most populous country and its rapid economic development over the past decades has profited greatly from its large labor market. While the overall working conditions for the Chinese people are improving, the actual size of the working-age population in China has been shrinking steadily in recent years. This is mainly due to a low birth rate in the country. Economic slowdown – impact on labor market After decades of rapid development, the world’s second largest economy now seems to have difficulties to boost its economy further. The GDP growth rate indicated a declining trend over the last decade and the number of employed people decreased for the first time since decades in 2015. Under the influence of the global economic downturn, the coronavirus pandemic, and the US-China tensions, many Chinese enterprises are having tough times, which leads to a recession in China’s labor market. Chances for better employment situation The long-lasting Sino-U.S. trade war has caused China great loss on its international trade sector, which has been driving China’s economic growth for decades. However, there is also a lot China could improve. First, the potential of domestic demands could be further developed and satisfied with high-quality products. Second, it’s a good timing to eliminate backward industries with low value added, and the high-tech and environment-friendly industries should be further promoted. In addition, China’s market could be more open to services, especially in the financial sector and IT services, to attract more foreign investors. Highly skilled talents should be better valued in the labor market. Efficient vocational education and further education could also help change the structure of China’s labor market.

Between January and November 2022, China exported around *********** yuan worths of medical equipment. The export of medical equipment surged in 2020, thanks to the high demand of medical consumables during the coronavirus pandemic. The United States, Japan, and Germany were the leading export markets for China's medical equipment in 2022. Changing Chinese regulations - a domestic market boom? The medical technology market in China is difficult for overseas manufacturers to penetrate, due to the ever-changing market requirements and regulations, which must be observed to in order to have an impact on the industry. The familiarity of these regulations and improved accessibility for domestic manufacturers has proliferated the growth of local manufacturers of high-end medical technology. Low-end medical technology is still the primary market for local manufacturers and recent developments have allowed local producers to compete with overseas manufacturers. However, imported high-end technology is still preferred over locally produced technologies. State of exports before the COVID-19 pandemic The year 2016 witnessed the election of Donald Trump as the President of the United States. The ensuing trade war between the U.S. and China resulted in a drastic fall of exports from China to its major consumers. Nevertheless, the medical technology industry has since registered significant growth in exports across the world. The most prominent manufactured entity were medical apparatus, which included both high-end and low-end medical technology, accounting for approximately half of the medical export revenue before 2020. Rehabilitation and diagnostic equipment also constituted a large share of the export revenue of China’s medtech.

The damage to housing facilities from the Russian invasion of Ukraine was estimated at 57.6 billion U.S. dollars between February 24, 2022, and December 31, 2024. A further 36.7 billion U.S. dollars were recorded in losses from damages to transportation. The total war damage to Ukrainian sectors was estimated at 176 billion U.S. dollars over that period. War impact on the Ukrainian economy Ukraine’s gross domestic product (GDP) fell by 29 percent in 2022 as a result of the Russian invasion and was expected to grow by four percent in between 2023 and 2024. On the one hand, the country suffers from damage to its infrastructure which would require time and financial resources to be restored. On the other hand, the war threatens Ukraine’s international trade. The military actions disrupt the routes used for transporting goods for exports and imports. In July 2022, a deal has been signed between Russia and Ukraine in Istanbul to provide for a corridor for Ukrainian grain exports via the Black Sea; however, it was suspended a year after. Which are the largest industries in Ukraine? Wholesale and retail trade occupied the largest share of the GDP of Ukraine, at nearly 14 percent in 2021. Agriculture, having ranked second with over 10 percent, was another major sector, especially important for export trade. The value added by agriculture, forestry, and fishing reached over seven percent of Ukraine’s GDP in 2023.