In 2023, the infant mortality rate in deaths per 1,000 live births in Vietnam was 14. Between 1964 and 2023, the figure dropped by 41.2, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

In 1955, the infant mortality rate in Vietnam was just over one hundred deaths per thousand live births, meaning that approximately one of every ten babies born in that year would not survive past their first birthday. Infant mortality would decrease sharply between the 1950s and 1960s, falling to nearly half the 1955 rate by 1970. Declines in infant mortality would slow somewhat in the early 1970s, however, as a decrease of American aid to South Vietnam following President Nixon’s resignation, combined with increasing encroachment by the North Vietnamese army and a recession from the 1973 oil crisis, would place significant strain on many basic health and government services of the South Vietnamese government. Following the fall of Saigon in 1975 and the reunification of Vietnam, child mortality would begin to decline once more, as the country would begin to rapidly modernize in the post-war years. As a result, infant mortality would halve between 1975 and the end of the century, and as infant mortality continues to decline, it is estimated in 2020 that for every thousand children born in Vietnam, over 98% will survive past their first birthday.

Historical dataset showing Vietnam infant mortality rate by year from 1950 to 2025.

Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 17.300 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.600 Ratio for 2015. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 36.700 Ratio from Dec 1964 (Median) to 2016, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.000 Ratio in 1964 and a record low of 17.300 Ratio in 2016. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank: Health Statistics. Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.; ; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted Average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

In 2023, the infant mortality rate in Vietnam was at **** deaths per 1,000 live births. The country's infant mortality rate has been decreasing consistently during the observed timeline.

Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Urban data was reported at 8.400 NA in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.500 NA for 2016. Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 9.400 NA from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2017, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.400 NA in 2001 and a record low of 8.400 NA in 2017. Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G058: Vital Statistics.

In 2024, the infant mortality rate in rural areas of Vietnam reached **** deaths per one thousand live births, which was almost double that of urban areas. The country's average mortality rate was approximately **** deaths per one thousand live births.

Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) in Vietnam was reported at 15.8 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Rural data was reported at 17.300 NA in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.500 NA for 2016. Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Rural data is updated yearly, averaging 18.300 NA from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2017, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.500 NA in 2001 and a record low of 15.000 NA in 2008. Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Rural data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G058: Vital Statistics.

Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Total data was reported at 14.400 NA in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.500 NA for 2016. Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 15.800 NA from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2017, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.500 NA in 2001 and a record low of 14.400 NA in 2017. Vietnam Child Mortality Rate: Infant: Deaths per 1000 Live Births: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G058: Vital Statistics.

Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) in Vietnam was reported at 12.1 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Number of infant deaths in Vietnam was reported at 19638 deaths in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Number of infant deaths - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Male: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 25.100 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 25.500 Ratio for 2015. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Male: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 27.100 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58.300 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 25.100 Ratio in 2016. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Male: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank: Health Statistics. Under-five mortality rate, male is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn male baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to male age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.; ; Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted Average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

14.0 (deaths per thousand live births) in 2023. Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Abstract

The 1997 Viemam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) is a nationally representative survey of 5,664 ever-married women age 15-49 selected from 205 sampling clusters throughout Vietnam. The VNDHS-II was designed to provide information on levels of fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and indicators of maternal and child health. The survey included a Community/Health Facility Questionnaire that was implemented in each of the sample clusters included in the women's survey. Fieldwork for the survey took place from July to October 1997. All provinces were separated into "project" and "non-project" groups to permit separate estimates for about one-third of provinces where the health infrastructure is being upgraded.

The primary objectives of the second Vietnam National Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) in 1997 were to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, early childhood mortality, child health and knowledge of AIDS.

VNDHS-II data confirm the patterns of declining fertility and increasing use of contraception that were observed between the 1988 VNDHS-I and the 1994 lntercensal Demographic Survey (ICDS-94).

Geographic coverage

The 1997 Viemam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) is a nationally representative survey. Itwas designed to provide separate estimates for the whole country, for urban and rural areas, for 18 project provinces, and for the remaining non-project provinces as well. Project provinces refer to 18 focus provinces targeted for the strengthening of their primary health care systems by the Government's Population and Family Health Project to be implemented over a period of seven years, from 1996 to 2002 (At the outset of this project there were 15 focus provinces, which became 18 by the creation of 3 new provinces from the initial set of 15). These provinces were selected according to criteria based on relatively low health and family planning status, no substantial family planning donor presence, and regional spread. These criteria resulted in the selection of the country's poorer provinces. Nine of these provinces have significant proportions of ethnic minorities among their population.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 1997 VNDHS is defined as the universe of all women age 15-49 in Vietnam.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The Second Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-1I) covers the population residing in private households in the country. The design for the VNDHS-II calls for a representative probability sample of approximately 5,500 completed individual interviews of ever-married women between the ages of 15 and 49. It was designed principally to produce reliable estimates of demographic rates (particularly fertility and childhood mortality rates), of maternal and child health indicators, and of contraceptive knowledge and use, for the country as a whole, for urban and the rural areas separately, and for the group of 18 project provinces. These 18 provinces are in the following geographic regions:

Six of the 18 project provinces are new provinces that will, in the near future, be formed out of three old provinces: Bac Can and Thai, Nguyen from Bac Thai; Hai Duong and Hung Yen from Hal Hung; Nam Dinh and Ha Nam from Nam Ha.

Northern Uplands: Tuyen Quang, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Bac Can and Thai Nguyen.
Red River Delta: Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Nam Dinh and Ha Nam.
North Central: Thanh Hoa and Thua Thien-Hue.
Central Highlands: Dac Lac and Lam Dong.
Mekong River Delta: Dong Thap, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh and Kien Giang.

Since the formation of the new provinces has not been formalized and no population data exist for them, this report will only refer to 15 project provinces out of 53 provinces in Vietnam (instead of 18 project provinces out of 61 provinces).

SAMPLING FRAME

The sampling frame for the VNDHS-II was the sample of the 1996 Vietnam Multi-Round Survey (VNMRS), conducted bi-annually by the General Statistical Office (GSO). A thorough evaluation of this sample was necessary to ensure that the sample was representative of the country, before it was used for the VNDHS-II.

The sample design for the VNMRS was developed by GSO with technical assistance provided by Mr. Anthony Turney, sampling specialist of the United Nations Statistics Division. The VNMRS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. Within each province, stratification was geographic by urban- rural residence. Sample selection was done independently for each province.

In the first stage, primary sampling units (PSUs) corresponding to communes (rural areas) and blocks (urban areas) were selected using equal probability systematic random selection (EPSEM), since no recent population data on communes and blocks existed that could be used for selection with probability proportional to size. The assumption underlying the decision to use EPSEM was that, within each province, the majority of communes and blocks vary little in population size, with the exception of a few communes; i.e., within each province, most communes and blocks have a population size that is close to the average for the province. In each province, the number of selected communes/blocks was proportional to the urban-rural population in the province. The total number of communes/blocks selected for the VNMRS was 1,662 with tbe number of communes/blocks in each province varying from 26 to 43 according to the size of the province. After the communes/blocks were selected, a field operation was mounted by GSO to create enumeration areas (EAs) in each selected commune/block. The number of EAs that was created in each commune/block was based on the number of households in the commune/block divided by the standard EA size which was set at 150 households. The list of EAs for the whole province was then ordered geographically by commune/block and used for the second stage selection. Thirty EAs were selected in each province with equal probability from a random start, for a total of 1,590 EAs. Because of this method of systematic random selection, communes/blocks that were large in size had one or rnore EAs selected into the sample while communes/blocks that were very small in size were excluded from the sample. In each selected EA, all households were interviewed for the VNMRS.

To evaluate the representativity of the VNMRS, EA weights were calculated based on the selection probability at tile various sampling stages of the VNMRS: also, the percent distribution of households in the VNMRS across urban/rural strata and provinces was estimated and compared with the percent distribution of the 1996 population across the same strata. The distribution obtaiued from the VNMRS agrees closely with that of the 1996 population

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VNDHS-II SAMPLE

The sample for the VNDHS-II was stratified and selected in two stages. There were two principal sampling domains: the group of 15 project provinces and the group of other provinces. In the group of project provinces, all 15 provinces were included in the salnple. At the first stage. 70 PSUs corresponding to the EAs as defined in the VNMRS were selected from the VNMRS with equal probability, the size of the EA in the VNMRS being very uniform. and hence sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) was not necessary. The list of households interviewed for the VNMRS (updated when necessary) were used as the frame for the second-stage sampling, in which households were selected for interview during the main survey fieldwork. Ever-married women between the ages of 15 and 49 were identified in these households and interviewed.

In the group of other provinces, an additional stage was added in order to reduce field costs although this might increase sampling errors. In the first stage, 20 provinces, serving as PSUs. were selected with PPS. the size being the population of the provinces estimated in 1997. In the second stage, 135 secondary sampling units corresponding to the EAs were selected in the same manner as for the project provinces.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Three types of questionnaires were used in the VNDHS-II: the Household Questionnaire, the Individual Questionnaire, and the Community/Health Facility Questionnaire. A draft of the first two questionnaires was prepared using the DHS Model A Questionnaire. A user workshop was organized to discuss the contents of the questionnaires. Additions and modifications to the draft of the questionnaires were made after the user workshop and in consultation with staff from Macro International Inc., and with members of the Technical Working Group, who were convened for the purpose of providing technical assistance to the GSO in planning and conducting the survey. The questionnaires were developed in English and translated into and printed in Vietnamese. The draft questionnaires were pretested in two clusters in Hanoi City (one urban and one rural cluster).

a) The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in selected households and to collect information on age, sex, education, marital status, and relationship to the head of household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women eligible for the individual interview (ever-married women age 15-49). In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, material used for the floor and roof,

Abstract

The 2002 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS 2002) is a nationally representative sample survey of 5,665 ever-married women age 15-49 selected from 205 sample points (clusters) throughout Vietnam. It provides information on levels of fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and indicators of maternal and child health. The survey included a Community/ Health Facility Questionnaire that was implemented in each of the sample clusters.

The survey was designed to measure change in reproductive health indicators over the five years since the VNDHS 1997, especially in the 18 provinces that were targeted in the Population and Family Health Project of the Committee for Population, Family and Children. Consequently, all provinces were separated into “project” and “nonproject” groups to permit separate estimates for each. Data collection for the survey took place from 1 October to 21 December 2002.

The Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey 2002 (VNDHS 2002) was the third DHS in Vietnam, with prior surveys implemented in 1988 and 1997. The VNDHS 2002 was carried out in the framework of the activities of the Population and Family Health Project of the Committee for Population, Family and Children (previously the National Committee for Population and Family Planning).

The main objectives of the VNDHS 2002 were to collect up-to-date information on family planning, childhood mortality, and health issues such as breastfeeding practices, pregnancy care, vaccination of children, treatment of common childhood illnesses, and HIV/AIDS, as well as utilization of health and family planning services. The primary objectives of the survey were to estimate changes in family planning use in comparison with the results of the VNDHS 1997, especially on issues in the scope of the project of the Committee for Population, Family and Children.

VNDHS 2002 data confirm the pattern of rapidly declining fertility that was observed in the VNDHS 1997. It also shows a sharp decline in child mortality, as well as a modest increase in contraceptive use. Differences between project and non-project provinces are generally small.

Geographic coverage

The 2002 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS 2002) is a nationally representative sample survey. The VNDHS 1997 was designed to provide separate estimates for the whole country, urban and rural areas, for 18 project provinces and the remaining nonproject provinces as well. Project provinces refer to 18 focus provinces targeted for the strengthening of their primary health care systems by the Government's Population and Family Health Project to be implemented over a period of seven years, from 1996 to 2002 (At the outset of this project there were 15 focus provinces, which became 18 by the creation of 3 new provinces from the initial set of 15). These provinces were selected according to criteria based on relatively low health and family planning status, no substantial family planning donor presence, and regional spread. These criteria resulted in the selection of the country's poorer provinces. Nine of these provinces have significant proportions of ethnic minorities among their population.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 2002 VNDHS is defined as the universe of all women age 15-49 in Vietnam.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sample for the VNDHS 2002 was based on that used in the VNDHS 1997, which in turn was a subsample of the 1996 Multi-Round Demographic Survey (MRS), a semi-annual survey of about 243,000 households undertaken regularly by GSO. The MRS sample consisted of 1,590 sample areas known as enumeration areas (EAs) spread throughout the 53 provinces/cities of Vietnam, with 30 EAs in each province. On average, an EA comprises about 150 households. For the VNDHS 1997, a subsample of 205 EAs was selected, with 26 households in each urban EA and 39 households for each rural EA. A total of 7,150 households was selected for the survey. The VNDHS 1997 was designed to provide separate estimates for the whole country, urban and rural areas, for 18 project provinces and the remaining nonproject provinces as well. Because the main objective of the VNDHS 2002 was to measure change in reproductive health indicators over the five years since the VNDHS 1997, the sample design for the VNDHS 2002 was as similar as possible to that of the VNDHS 1997.

Although it would have been ideal to have returned to the same households or at least the same sample points as were selected for the VNDHS 1997, several factors made this undesirable. Revisiting the same households would have held the sample artificially rigid over time and would not allow for newly formed households. This would have conflicted with the other major survey objective, which was to provide up-to-date, representative data for the whole of Vietnam. Revisiting the same sample points that were covered in 1997 was complicated by the fact that the country had conducted a population census in 1999, which allowed for a more representative sample frame.

In order to balance the two main objectives of measuring change and providing representative data, it was decided to select enumeration areas from the 1999 Population Census, but to cover the same communes that were sampled in the VNDHS 1997 and attempt to obtain a sample point as close as possible to that selected in 1997. Consequently, the VNDHS 2002 sample also consisted of 205 sample points and reflects the oversampling in the 20 provinces that fall in the World Bank-supported Population and Family Health Project. The sample was designed to produce about 7,000 completed household interviews and 5,600 completed interviews with ever-married women age 15-49.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

As in the VNDHS 1997, three types of questionnaires were used in the 2002 survey: the Household Questionnaire, the Individual Woman's Questionnaire, and the Community/Health Facility Questionnaire. The first two questionnaires were based on the DHS Model A Questionnaire, with additions and modifications made during an ORC Macro staff visit in July 2002. The questionnaires were pretested in two clusters in Hanoi (one in a rural area and another in an urban area). After the pretest and consultation with ORC Macro, the drafts were revised for use in the main survey.

a) The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in selected households and to collect information on age, sex, education, marital status, and relationship to the head of household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify persons who were eligible for individual interview (i.e. ever-married women age 15-49). In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household such as water source, type of toilet facilities, material used for the floor and roof, and ownership of various durable goods.

b) The Individual Questionnaire was used to collect information on ever-married women aged 15-49 in surveyed households. These women were interviewed on the following topics:
- Respondent's background characteristics (education, residential history, etc.); - Reproductive history; - Contraceptive knowledge and use;
- Antenatal and delivery care; - Infant feeding practices; - Child immunization; - Fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning; - Husband's background characteristics; - Women's work information; and - Knowledge of AIDS.

c) The Community/Health Facility Questionnaire was used to collect information on all communes in which the interviewed women lived and on services offered at the nearest health stations. The Community/Health Facility Questionnaire consisted of four sections. The first two sections collected information from community informants on some characteristics such as the major economic activities of residents, distance from people's residence to civic services and the location of the nearest sources of health care. The last two sections involved visiting the nearest commune health centers and intercommune health centers, if these centers were located within 30 kilometers from the surveyed cluster. For each visited health center, information was collected on the type of health services offered and the number of days services were offered per week; the number of assigned staff and their training; medical equipment and medicines available at the time of the visit.

Cleaning operations

The first stage of data editing was implemented by the field editors soon after each interview. Field editors and team leaders checked the completeness and consistency of all items in the questionnaires. The completed questionnaires were sent to the GSO headquarters in Hanoi by post for data processing. The editing staff of the GSO first checked the questionnaires for completeness. The data were then entered into microcomputers and edited using a software program specially developed for the DHS program, the Census and Survey Processing System, or CSPro. Data were verified on a 100 percent basis, i.e., the data were entered separately twice and the two results were compared and corrected. The data processing and editing staff of the GSO were trained and supervised for two weeks by a data processing specialist from ORC Macro. Office editing and processing activities were initiated immediately after the beginning of the fieldwork and were completed in late December 2002.

Response rate

The results of the household and individual

Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Female: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 18.000 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.300 Ratio for 2015. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Female: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 19.300 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.300 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 18.000 Ratio in 2016. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Female: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank: Health Statistics. Under-five mortality rate, female is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn female baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to female age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.; ; Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted Average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

Abstract

On 15 February 2007, the General Statistics Office's Director General issued Decree N 1430/QD-TCTK on the Plan of the 1 April 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey. This sample survey is conducted annually with the purpose to collect information on population, population changes (fertility, mortality and migration), contraceptive used and induced abortion as well.

Since the Population and Housing Census 1999, there has been a remarkably increasing demand for information on population changes, labour force and contraceptive used. Policy makers, development planners, researchers, international organizagtions and mass media have always requested GSO to provide key data collected from the survey. Survey data has helped the Party and Government agencies at the central level assess the implementation of key population indicators, trend and social economic characteristics of the population.

The purposes and demands of the survey are as follows: - Collect basic information on population and the change of fertility, mortality, migration; - Measure the coverage of contraceptive uses, menstrual regulation and induced abortion; - Collect basic information for calculating national statistics indicators in term of population indicator group.

The above-mentioned information represents the provincial/city, rural/urban and national levels as well.

Geographic coverage

National level Provincial/City level Rural/Urban

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Administrative unit

Universe

• All usual residents of the household (who have actually lived in the household or have recently moved to live permanently in the household without distinguishing whether these persons were registered as permanent residents by the police or not).
• Currently married women aged 15-49 (for information on family planning).
• Those who were ever considered as usual residents of the household but died from 29/01/2007 (that is, 1st of last lunar new year - BINH TUAT) to the end of 31/3/2007.
• Dead persons (infant deaths and adult deaths of the household occurred from 29/1/2006 to the end of 31/3/2007)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Frame The sample of the 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey was a sample used in the 2006 population change and family planning survey, with its units being randomly selected from the lists of enumeration areas (EAs) which were established in the 1999 population and housing census.

Determination of Sample Size and Sample Allocation To ensure an obtainment of sample estimates representative for provinces, cities, the sample was allocated inversely to population size. As a result, each province had a sample size of about 60 enumeration areas with an average of 100 households per EA. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city are the two most populous and complicated cities, so they had a selection of over 70 EAs. Provinces with smaller population size also had a sample size of nearly 60 EAs.

The sample of the survey was a stratified cluster sample, in which each province constituted the main clusters (64 strata) with two sub-clusters within each representing "rural" and "urban" areas. The allocation of sample units in each stratum was done using the systematic random sampling method.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaire used in the 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey had three sections: 1. General information on population: 2. Information of those who were ever considered as usual residents of the household but died from 29/1/2006 (that is, 1st of last lunar new year - BINH TUAT) to the end of 31/3/2007. 3. Information on fertility, reproductive health of women aged 15-49 years and above

Cleaning operations

Data entry and editing were carried out at three GSO's statistical informatics centers (Ha Noi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City). Each center established a computer network to process the survey data. Each network included a server and a number of personal computers. The networks in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City were connected with the center in Hanoi.

A number of consistency checks were carried out and this was followed by data edition. As soon as data entry for a province was completed, a list of inconsistencies was printed out for verification and correction, and then data files were updated with these corrections.

Sampling error estimates

Calculation of sampling errors

In order to facilitate in-depth studies on sample reliability of some key indicators, sampling errors were calculated for the following variables:

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR);

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) for modern methods;

Immigration rate;

Total fertility rate (TFR);

Crude birth rate (CBR);

Crude death rate (CDR).

The sampling errors for these variables were calculated for national, urban/rural, and regional levels

Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 20.900 Ratio in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 21.300 Ratio for 2016. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 50.300 Ratio from Dec 1964 (Median) to 2017, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.600 Ratio in 1964 and a record low of 20.900 Ratio in 2017. Vietnam VN: Mortality Rate: Under-5: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.; ; Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

The number of tuberculosis infections in Vietnam increased by **** cases per 100,000 population (+**** percent) compared to the previous year. In total, the number of tuberculosis infections amounted to *** cases per 100,000 population in 2023. Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV.Find more statistics on other topics about Vietnam with key insights such as crude birth rate, rate of children immunized against measles in the age group of 12 to 23 months, and infant mortality rate.