Pakistan infant mortality rate for 2025 is 53.54, a 2.05% decline from 2024.

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<li>Pakistan infant mortality rate for 2024 was <strong>54.66</strong>, a <strong>2.01% decline</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>Pakistan infant mortality rate for 2023 was <strong>55.78</strong>, a <strong>1.95% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Pakistan infant mortality rate for 2022 was <strong>56.89</strong>, a <strong>1.91% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.

UNICEF's country profile for Pakistan, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

The infant mortality rate in Pakistan decreased to 51 deaths per 1,000 live births compared to the previous year. The infant mortality rate thereby reached its lowest value in recent years. The infant mortality rate is the number of newborns who do not survive past the first 12 months of life. This is generally expressed as a value per 1,000 live births, and also includes neonatal mortality (deaths within the first 28 days of life).Find more statistics on other topics about Pakistan with key insights such as male smoking rate, health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product, and crude birth rate.

In 1950, the infant mortality rate of Pakistan was estimated to be 280 deaths per thousand live births, meaning that approximately 28% of all babies born in that year would not survive past their first birthday. Infant mortality would decline steadily in Pakistan throughout the 20th century, with the largest decreases occurring in the 1950s and 1960s following the introduction of large scale health programs, as well as WHO-led vaccination campaigns which resulted in the eradication of malaria and smallpox in the 1950s and 1960s respectively. As health services have continued to expand and improve in Pakistan, infant mortality has continued its steady decline into the 21st century, although infant mortality remains relatively high at approximately sixty deaths per thousand live births in 2020.

Graph and download economic data for Infant Mortality Rate for Pakistan (SPDYNIMRTINPAK) from 1960 to 2023 about mortality, infant, Pakistan, and rate.

Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) in Pakistan was reported at 50.1 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Pakistan - Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Between 2020 and 2025, Pakistan had the highest infant mortality rate throughout South Asia, with an estimated 56 infant deaths for every one thousand live births. Comparatively, there were five infant deaths for every one thousand live births in the Maldives between 2020 to 2025.

Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Infant: Female: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 56.700 Ratio in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 59.900 Ratio for 2015. Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Infant: Female: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 67.600 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.100 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 56.700 Ratio in 2017. Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Infant: Female: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank: Health Statistics. Infant mortality rate, female is the number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 female live births in a given year.; ; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Under-5: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 74.900 Ratio in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 77.100 Ratio for 2016. Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Under-5: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 142.850 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 258.800 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 74.900 Ratio in 2017. Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Under-5: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.; ; Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) in Pakistan was reported at 45.1 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Pakistan - Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Pakistan: Infant deaths per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 51 deaths per 1000 live births, a decline from 53 deaths per 1000 live births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 19 deaths per 1000 live births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Pakistan from 1960 to 2022 is 106 deaths per 1000 live births. The minimum value, 51 deaths per 1000 live births, was reached in 2022 while the maximum of 185 deaths per 1000 live births was recorded in 1960.

Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) in Pakistan was reported at 54.9 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Pakistan - Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

The infant mortality rate in Pakistan decreased by 1.7 deaths per 1,000 live births (-3.28 percent) compared to the previous year. In 2023, the infant mortality rate thereby reached its lowest value in recent years. The infant mortality rate refers to the number of infants who do not survive past the first year of life, expressed as a value per 1,000 births.Find more statistics on other topics about Pakistan with key insights such as male smoking rate, health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product, and crude birth rate.

PK: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 64.200 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 65.700 Ratio for 2015. PK: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 109.800 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 190.700 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 64.200 Ratio in 2016. PK: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.World Bank: Health Statistics. Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.; ; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted Average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

In 2022, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 5.4 out of every 1,000 live births. This is a significant decrease from 1960, when infant mortality was at around 26 deaths out of every 1,000 live births. What is infant mortality? The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of babies under the age of one per 1,000 live births. There are many causes for infant mortality, which include birth defects, low birth weight, pregnancy complications, and sudden infant death syndrome. In order to decrease the high rates of infant mortality, there needs to be an increase in education and medicine so babies and mothers can receive the proper treatment needed. Maternal mortality is also related to infant mortality. If mothers can attend more prenatal visits and have more access to healthcare facilities, maternal mortality can decrease, and babies have a better chance of surviving in their first year. Worldwide infant mortality rates Infant mortality rates vary worldwide; however, some areas are more affected than others. Afghanistan suffered from the highest infant mortality rate in 2024, and the following 19 countries all came from Africa, with the exception of Pakistan. On the other hand, Slovenia had the lowest infant mortality rate that year. High infant mortality rates can be attributed to lack of sanitation, technological advancements, and proper natal care. In the United States, Massachusetts had the lowest infant mortality rate, while Mississippi had the highest in 2022. Overall, the number of neonatal and post neonatal deaths in the United States has been steadily decreasing since 1995.

Pakistan maternal mortality rate for 2020 was 154.00, a 13.97% decline from 2019.

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<li>Pakistan maternal mortality rate for 2019 was <strong>179.00</strong>, a <strong>0.56% increase</strong> from 2018.</li>
<li>Pakistan maternal mortality rate for 2018 was <strong>178.00</strong>, a <strong>0.56% increase</strong> from 2017.</li>
<li>Pakistan maternal mortality rate for 2017 was <strong>177.00</strong>, a <strong>5.85% decline</strong> from 2016.</li>
</ul>Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among non-AIDS deaths in women ages 15-49, fertility, birth attendants, and GDP.

In 2022, Pakistan had the highest infant mortality rate in the Asia-Pacific region, around 51 deaths per 1,000 live births. Japan and Singapore had the lowest infant mortality rates in APAC that year.

Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Infant per 1000 Births data was reported at 16.400 NA in 2050. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.000 NA for 2049. Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Infant per 1000 Births data is updated yearly, averaging 54.800 NA from Jun 1981 (Median) to 2050, with 70 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 128.900 NA in 1981 and a record low of 16.400 NA in 2050. Pakistan PK: Mortality Rate: Infant per 1000 Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by US Census Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Pakistan – Table PK.US Census Bureau: Demographic Projection.

Abstract

The 2019 Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey (2019 PMMS) was the first stand-alone maternal mortality survey conducted in Pakistan. A nationally representative sample of 1,396 primary sampling units were randomly selected. The survey was expected to result in about 14,000 interviews with ever-married women age 15-49.

The primary objective of the 2019 PMMS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the survey was designed and carried out with the purpose of assessing where Pakistan stands on maternal health indicators and how well the country is moving toward these targets. Overall aims of the 2019 PMMS were as follows: - To estimate national and regional levels of maternal mortality for the 3 years preceding the survey and determine whether the MMR has declined substantially since 2006-07 - To identify medical causes of maternal deaths and the biological and sociodemographic risk factors associated with maternal mortality - To assess the impact of maternal and newborn health services, including antenatal and postnatal care and skilled birth attendance, on prevention of maternal mortality and morbidity - To estimate the prevalence and determinants of common obstetric complications and morbidities among women of reproductive age during the 3 years preceding the survey

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Woman age 15-49
• Community

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2019 PMMS used a multistage and multiphase cluster sampling methodology based on updated sampling frames derived from the 6th Population and Housing Census, which was conducted in 2017 by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS). The sampling universe consisted of urban and rural areas of the four provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). A total of 153,560 households (81,400 rural and 72,160 urban) were selected using a two-stage and two-phase stratified systematic sampling approach. The survey was designed to provide representative results for most of the survey indicators in 11 domains: four provinces (by urban and rural areas with Islamabad combined with Punjab and FATA combined with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (urban and rural), and Gilgit Baltistan. Restricted military and protected areas were excluded from the sample.

The sampled households were randomly selected from 1,396 primary sampling units (PSUs) (740 rural and 656 urban) after a complete household listing. In each PSU, 110 randomly selected households were administered the various questionnaires included in the survey. All 110 households in each PSU were asked about births and deaths during the previous 3 years, including deaths among women of reproductive age (15-49 years). Households that reported at least one death of a woman of reproductive age were then visited, and detailed verbal autopsies were conducted to determine the causes and circumstances of these deaths to help identify maternal deaths. In the second phase, 10 households in each PSU were randomly selected from the 110 households selected in the first phase to gather detailed information on women of reproductive age. All eligible ever-married women age 15-49 residing in these 10 households were interviewed to gather detailed information, including a complete pregnancy history.

Note: A detailed description of the sample design is provided in Appendix A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Six questionnaires were used in the 2019 PMMS: the Short Household Questionnaire, the Long Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Verbal Autopsy Questionnaire, the Community Questionnaire, and the Fieldworker Questionnaire. A Technical Advisory Committee was established to solicit comments on the questionnaires from various stakeholders, including representatives of government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organisations, and international donors. The survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the National Bioethics Committee, the Pakistan Health Research Council, and the ICF Institutional Review Board. After being finalised in English, the questionnaires were translated into Urdu and Sindhi. The 2019 PMMS used paper-based questionnaires for data collection, while computer-assisted field editing (CAFE) was used to edit questionnaires in the field.

Cleaning operations

The processing of the 2019 PMMS data began simultaneously with the fieldwork. As soon as data collection was completed in each cluster, all electronic data files were transferred via the Internet File Streaming System (IFSS) to the NIPS central office in Islamabad. These data files were registered and checked for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. A double entry procedure was adopted by NIPS to ensure data accuracy. The field teams were alerted about any inconsistencies and errors. Secondary editing of completed questionnaires, which involved resolving inconsistencies and coding open-ended questions, was carried out in the central office. The survey core team members assisted with secondary editing, and the NIPS data processing manager coordinated the work at the central office. Data entry and editing were carried out using the CSPro software package. The concurrent processing of the data offered a distinct advantage because it maximised the likelihood of the data being error-free and accurate.

Response rate

In the four provinces, the sample contained a total of 116,169 households. All households were visited by the field teams, and 110,483 households were found to be occupied. Of these households, 108,766 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 98%. The subsample selected for the Long Household Questionnaire comprised 11,080 households, and interviews were carried out in 10,479 of these households. A total of 12,217 ever-married women age 15-49 were eligible to be interviewed based on the Long Household Questionnaire, and 11,859 of these women were successfully interviewed (a response rate of 97%).

In Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 16,755 households were occupied, and interviews were successfully carried out in 16,588 of these households (99%). A total of 1,707 ever-married women were eligible for individual interviews, of whom 1,666 were successfully interviewed (98%). In Gilgit Baltistan, 11,005 households were occupied, and interviews were conducted in 10,872 households (99%). A total of 1,219 ever-married women were eligible for interviews, of whom 1,178 were successfully interviewed (97%).

A total of 944 verbal autopsy interviews were conducted in Pakistan overall, 150 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and 88 in Gilgit Baltistan. The Verbal Autopsy Questionnaire was used in almost all of the interviews, and response rates were nearly 100%.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: nonsampling errors and sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2019 Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey (2019 PMMS) to minimise this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2019 PMMS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and sample size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability among all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected by simple random sampling, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2019 PMMS sample was the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. Sampling errors are computed using SAS programmes developed by ICF. These programmes use the Taylor linearisation method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios and use the Jackknife repeated replication method for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in Appendix B of the survey report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables

- Household age distribution

Pakistan birth rate for 2025 is 25.11, a 1.81% decline from 2024.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Pakistan birth rate for 2024 was <strong>25.58</strong>, a <strong>8.01% decline</strong> from 2023.</li>
<li>Pakistan birth rate for 2023 was <strong>27.81</strong>, a <strong>1.15% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>Pakistan birth rate for 2022 was <strong>28.13</strong>, a <strong>0.89% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
</ul>Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.