The infant mortality rate in Poland, for children under the age of one year old, was 177 deaths per thousand births in 1925. This means that for all babies born in 1925, almost 18 percent did not survive past their first birthday. The rate increased slightly in the late 1930s, as the Second World War began, and then no information is available during the early 1940s. From the late 1940s onwards, Poland's infant mortality rate drops consistently, and today it is just three deaths per thousand births.

In 2024, the mortality rate in Poland amounted to a record of 10.9 deaths per thousand population, marking a decrease compared to the previous year. Leading mortality causes Cardiovascular diseases remain the primary cause of death in Poland, accounting for 37 percent of all fatalities in 2024. Malignant tumors follow as the second leading cause, responsible for approximately one in four deaths. On the positive side, Poland has seen a significant decrease in infant mortality rates since 1980. In 2024, over 1,000 infants died, representing a decrease of more than 94 percent compared to the 1980s. Demographic patterns Until around 2010, the mortality rate in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. Since 2020, however, cities have recorded more deaths per 1,000 people than rural areas. Moreover, the gender distribution of deaths in 2024 demonstrated a slight difference between the sexes, with 209,400 deaths among men and 199,500 among women.

The child mortality rate in Poland, for children under the age of five, was 369 deaths per thousand births in 1885. For every one thousand babies born in 1885, almost 37 percent did not survive past their fifth birthday. Over the course of the next 135 years, this number has dropped drastically, reaching its lowest point ever in the period between 2015 and 2020, at four deaths per thousand births. In Poland's recorded history, there were two periods where the child mortality rate increased, which were in the 1910s and 1930s, mostly due tot he Spanish Flu pandemic that swept across the world, and also the events of the Second World War.

The number of infant deaths in Poland in the observed period has decreased. In 2023, over 1,000 infants died, which means a decrease of over ** percent compared to the previous year.

The number of deaths in Poland reached nearly ******* in 2024 and slightly decreased compared to the previous year. In 2023, nearly ** people per 1000 inhabitants died. Leading causes of death and demographic patterns Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the primary cause of death in Poland, accounting for ** percent of all fatalities in 2023. Malignant tumors were responsible for approximately one in four deaths, highlighting the need for continued focus on prevention and treatment of these major health issues. The gender distribution of deaths showed a slight disparity, with over ******* deaths among men and ******* among women recorded in the same year. Infant deaths in Poland The infant mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths of children under one year. The number of infant deaths in Poland from 1980 to 2023 has decreased. The highest mortality in 2023 occurred among babies up to one year. However, by sex, the most increased mortality occurs in male infants, i.e., *** boys against *** girls. On the other hand, the mortality rate decreased with the birth of another child. In 2023, *** babies died, being the mother’s first child. In the case of the birth of a fifth child or more, mortality increased to **.

In Poland, the crude birth rate in 1800 was 43.6 live births per thousand people, meaning that approximately 4.4 percent of the population had been born in that year. Throughout Poland's history, including the area of modern-day Poland that did not exist as a state until 1918, the crude birth rate has gradually decreased over the past 220 years, however it did fluctuate greatly over this period. In the nineteenth century, modern-day Poland was a part of many other states and empires, such as Austria, Germany, Lithuania and Russia, and the crude birth rate fluctuated between 38 and 48 throughout this period. In the twentieth century, Poland's crude birth rate declined, particularly before and during both World Wars, and in both cases there was a baby boom in the aftermath of the war. The rate did grow in the 1970s and 80s, however the fall of communism in 1989 caused the birth rate to drop again, reaching its lowest point of 9.4 in 2005. Since 2005, the crude birth rate has increased above ten again, but is expected to drop to 9.9 in 2020.

Poland PL: Completeness of Birth Registration: Male data was reported at 100.000 % in 2017. Poland PL: Completeness of Birth Registration: Male data is updated yearly, averaging 100.000 % from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2017, with 1 observations. Poland PL: Completeness of Birth Registration: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Completeness of birth registration is the percentage of children under age 5 whose births were registered at the time of the survey. The numerator of completeness of birth registration includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer or whose mother or caretaker says the birth has been registered.; ; UNICEF's State of the World's Children based mostly on household surveys and ministry of health data.; ;

This scatter chart displays proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) against birth rate (per 1,000 people) in Poland. The data is about countries per year.

When it comes to their health system, the Polish don’t seem overly content with it. Almost ** percent of respondents living in the Eastern European country believe that their country’s health system frequently lets patients down, followed by another *** who think that getting proper medical treatment is too costly in Poland.

Life expectancy in Poland

From 2007 to 2017, life expectancy in Poland grew by over 2 years: While in 2007, residents of Poland had an average life expectancy of 75 years of age at birth, this number increased up to about 78 years in 2017. However, Poland couldn’t make it to the top 20 countries with lowest infant mortality rate in 2017.

What is the leading cause of death in Poland?

As of 2017, the leading cause of death in Poland were diseases of the circulatory system. They can lead to high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes. In 2017, diseases of the circulatory system were responsible for almost *** deaths out of every 100,000 people in Poland. Neoplasms are second leading cause of death in Poland.

In 2024, foreign women with a permanent place of residence in Poland gave birth to more than ****** children, a decrease of *** percent compared to 2023.

The average age of women giving birth in Poland has changed significantly. In 1990, the largest share of women giving birth was in the ***** age group. The situation changed over the years, and in 2023, the highest percentage of women giving birth was in the ***** age group.