In 2023, the infant mortality rate in deaths per 1,000 live births in Spain was 2.6. Between 1960 and 2023, the figure dropped by 44.2, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

Historical dataset showing Spain infant mortality rate by year from 1950 to 2025.

Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Infant: Female: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 2.500 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.600 Ratio for 2015. Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Infant: Female: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 2.900 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.600 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 2.500 Ratio in 2016. Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Infant: Female: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank: Health Statistics. Infant mortality rate, female is the number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 female live births in a given year.; ; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted Average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

Spain: Infant deaths per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 3 deaths per 1000 live births, unchanged from 3 deaths per 1000 live births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 19 deaths per 1000 live births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Spain from 1960 to 2022 is 13 deaths per 1000 live births. The minimum value, 3 deaths per 1000 live births, was reached in 2008 while the maximum of 47 deaths per 1000 live births was recorded in 1960.

Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) in Spain was reported at 2.6 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Spain Vital Statistics: Infant Mortality Rate: per 1000 Births data was reported at 2.749 NA in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.684 NA for 2016. Spain Vital Statistics: Infant Mortality Rate: per 1000 Births data is updated yearly, averaging 5.459 NA from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2017, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.892 NA in 1975 and a record low of 2.669 NA in 2015. Spain Vital Statistics: Infant Mortality Rate: per 1000 Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistics Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.G004: Vital Statistics.

Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 2.600 Ratio in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.600 Ratio for 2016. Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 7.900 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.400 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 2.600 Ratio in 2017. Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Infant: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.; ; Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) in Spain was reported at 2.3 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) in Spain was reported at 2.8 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Population Projections: Infant Mortality Rate by sex and year. Annual. Provinces.

Number of infant deaths in Spain was reported at 875 deaths in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Number of infant deaths - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Female: per 1000 Live Births data was reported at 3.000 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.100 Ratio for 2015. Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Female: per 1000 Live Births data is updated yearly, averaging 3.500 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.200 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 3.000 Ratio in 2016. Spain ES: Mortality Rate: Under-5: Female: per 1000 Live Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.World Bank: Health Statistics. Under-five mortality rate, female is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn female baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to female age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.; ; Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org.; Weighted Average; Given that data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases are frequently unavailable, mortality rates are often used to identify vulnerable populations. Moreover, they are among the indicators most frequently used to compare socioeconomic development across countries. Under-five mortality rates are higher for boys than for girls in countries in which parental gender preferences are insignificant. Under-five mortality captures the effect of gender discrimination better than infant mortality does, as malnutrition and medical interventions have more significant impacts to this age group. Where female under-five mortality is higher, girls are likely to have less access to resources than boys.

Graph and download economic data for Crude Birth Rate for Spain (SPDYNCBRTINESP) from 1960 to 2023 about Spain, birth, crude, and rate.

In Spain, the crude birth rate in 1850 was 36.3 live births per thousand people, meaning that 3.6 percent of the population had been born in that year. In the late nineteenth century, the crude birth rate of Spain fluctuated between 34 and 39 births per one thousand people. From 1905 until 1940, the numbers dropped gradually, from 35 to just under 22 births per thousand people, and it then remained around this number (between 20 and 22) until the late 1970s. In the latter stages of the twentieth century, the rate dropped again, to fewer than ten births per thousand. The crude birth rate rose slightly in the early 2000s, however the Great Recession led to many people migrating from Spain, and the rate decreased along with the population, and is expected to reach a record low of 8.5 in 2020.

Spain: The number of crude births per 1000 people, per year: The latest value from 2023 is 6.7 births per 1000 people, a decline from 6.9 births per 1000 people in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 17.86 births per 1000 people, based on data from 196 countries. Historically, the average for Spain from 1960 to 2023 is 13.1 births per 1000 people. The minimum value, 6.7 births per 1000 people, was reached in 2023 while the maximum of 22 births per 1000 people was recorded in 1964.

3.1 (deaths per 1,000 live births) in 2023. Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates.

The autonomous Spanish city of Melilla, located in the Northern coast of Africa, had the highest birth rate of Spanish cities in 2023: 8.99 births per 1,000 inhabitants. Asturias, on the other hand, had the lowest birth rate, with 4.51 births per 1,000 inhabitants. As of January 2024, Andalusia was the most populated autonomous community in Spain, with a total amount of approximately 8.6 million inhabitants. Spain’s population increases Spain had one of the lowest fertility rate in the European Union in 2023, with approximately 1.29 children being born alive to a woman during her lifetime. In comparison, the fertility rate in France was set at 1.79 that year, whereas Ireland reached 1.76. In 2024, the total population of Spain was around 48.4 million people and was forecast to increase by 2028. Opposite trends There are two reasons for the slow upward trend in Spain’s population. On the one hand, more people die in Spain than are being born in the latest years. On the other hand, while Spain’s population moved away from the country in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, the country became a net recipient of foreign immigration again after 2015.

This scatter chart displays birth rate (per 1,000 people) against death rate (per 1,000 people) in Spain. The data is filtered where the date is 2021. The data is about countries per year.

Graph and download economic data for Life Expectancy at Birth, Total for Spain (SPDYNLE00INESP) from 1960 to 2023 about life expectancy, life, Spain, and birth.

Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) in Spain was reported at 6.7 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Birth rate, crude - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.