This page provides an educational tool to simulate and forecast consumer price indices for the Euro Area (HICP, Eurostat), the United States (CPI-U, BLS) and Italy (NIC with tobacco, ISTAT). Users can adjust monthly variations and visualize baseline, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.

Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICPs) are designed for international comparisons of consumer price inflation. HICP is used for example by the European Central Bank for monitoring of inflation in the Economic and Monetary Union and for the assessment of inflation convergence as required under Article 121 of the Treaty of Amsterdam. For the U.S. and Japan national consumer price indices are used in the table.

Inflation Rate in Poland decreased to 2.40 percent in November from 2.80 percent in October of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Poland Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in Turkey decreased to 32.87 percent in October from 33.29 percent in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2024, the average annual inflation rate in China ranged at around 0.2 percent compared to the previous year. For 2025, projections by the IMF expect nearly no inflation. The monthly inflation rate in China dropped to negative values in the first quarter of 2025. Calculation of inflation The inflation rate is calculated based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for China. The CPI is computed using a product basket that contains a predefined range of products and services on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. Included are expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities, and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. The product basked is adjusted every five years to reflect changes in consumer preference and has been updated in 2020 for the last time. The inflation rate is then calculated using changes in the CPI. As the inflation of a country is seen as a key economic indicator, it is frequently used for international comparison. China's inflation in comparison Among the main industrialized and emerging economies worldwide, China displayed comparatively low inflation in 2023 and 2024. In previous years, China's inflation ranged marginally above the inflation rates of established industrialized powerhouses such as the United States or the European Union. However, this changed in 2021, as inflation rates in developed countries rose quickly, while prices in China only increased moderately. According to IMF estimates for 2024, Zimbabwe was expected to be the country with the highest inflation rate, with a consumer price increase of about 561 percent compared to 2023. In 2023, Turkmenistan had the lowest price increase worldwide with prices actually decreasing by about 1.7 percent.

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.16 USD recorded at the end of November 14, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

Einstellung der Bürger Sloweniens zur Einführung des Euro im eigenen Land. Themen: Schwierigkeiten mit der Handhabung der Münzen und Banknoten; verwendete Währung bei Kalkulationen oder Zählen von Geldbeträgen; Schwierigkeiten mit der Umrechnung von der alten (Tolar) in die neue Währung; Schwierigkeiten mit der Einschätzung des Wertes des Euro; Nutzen der dualen Preisauszeichnung; Wahrnehmung inkorrekter Preisauszeichnung; Kauf eines Euro ´Starter-Kits´ sowie Gründe für einen Nichtkauf; Probleme bei der Selbstversorgung mit Bargeld in Euro sowie Gründe dafür; reibungslose sowie effiziente Durchführung der Euro-Einführung; Kenntnis von Sicherheitsmerkmalen auf Euro-Banknoten; Einschätzung der Fairness der Preisauszeichnung bei Euro-Einführung; Auswirkungen der Euro-Einführung: Preisstabilität oder erhöhte Inflation; Informationsquelle über den Euro: nationale oder kommunale Regierung, öffentliche Behörden, Nationale Zentralbank, europäische Institutionen, Kreditinstitute, Medien, Gewerkschaften, Verbraucherberatung; wichtigste Informationsquelle in den Medien: Fernsehen, Printmedien, Publikationen, Radio, Internet, ´europhone´ Hotline, öffentliche Präsentationen; persönliches Umfeld als Quelle von Informationen; Informiertheit über den Euro; wichtigstes Thema, über das informiert werden sollte: Sicherheitseigenschaften, Wert des Euro in Tolar, faires Runden von Preisen, Vermeidung von Betrug bei der Währungsumrechnung in Euro, praktische Auswirkungen des Euro auf das eigene Gehalt sowie das eigene Bankkonto, soziale, wirtschaftliche sowie politische Auswirkung des Euro, das Design und die Stückelung der Euro-Münzen und Banknoten sowie die duale Preisauszeichnung; Zufriedenheit mit der Informationspolitik; Rezeption und eigener Nutzen der Euro-Fernsehwerbung sowie Werbung in Zeitschriften; Erhalt des Euro-Umrechners sowie Einschätzung seines Nutzens. Demographie: Alter; Urbanisierungsgrad; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Geschlecht.Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Interviewdatum; Region; Gewichtungsfaktor. After the introduction of the euro in Slovenia. Topics: difficulties handling euro coins and banknotes; currency used for counting or calculating when doing common or exceptional purchases; difficulties converting tolar to euro and understanding the value in euro; assessment of dual price displays as useful and correct; purchase of a euro coins starter kit before January 2007 and reasons for not having purchased one; problems and kind of problems encountered when exchanging or withdrawing euro cash in the first week of January 2007; assessment of the changeover to the euro as smoothly and efficiently; naming of security features of euro banknotes; assessment of the frequency of incorrect price conversions or rounding of prices; euro will help to maintain price stability in Slovenia; used source of information about the introduction of the euro; most efficient source of information during the changeover period; self-rated knowledge about the euro; prioritized issues about the euro to get more information on; satisfaction with the information about the euro provided by the national authorities; reception of TV spots or advertisements in Slovenian magazines about the euro and assessment of their usefulness; possession of a euro calculator and assessment of its usefulness. Demography: age; type of community; occupation; professional position; sex. Additionally coded was: date of interview; region; weighting factor. Telephone interview Personen im Alter von 15 Jahren und älter

Litauen nach der Umstellung auf den Euro. Themen: Schwierigkeiten beim Umgang mit Euro-Münzen und -Banknoten; zum Überschlagen und Rechnen verwendete Währung bei normalen oder besonderen Einkäufen; Schwierigkeiten bei der Umrechnung litauischer Litas in Euro sowie beim Verstehen des Wertes in Euro; Einschätzung der doppelten Preisangaben als nützlich und korrekt; Kauf eines Euro-Starterkit vor Januar 2015 sowie Gründe, aus denen keins gekauft wurde; geplante Verwendung des Starterkit; Probleme und Art der Probleme beim Umtausch oder Abheben von Euro-Bargeld in der ersten Januarwoche 2015; Einschätzung der Umstellung auf den Euro als reibungslos und effizient; Nennung einiger Sicherheitsmerkmale von Euro-Banknoten; Einschätzung der Häufigkeit falscher Umrechnungen und Rundungen von Preisen; Einführung des Euro ist eine gute Sache für das eigene Land und für den Befragten; Erwartung positiver Auswirkungen auf das eigene Land und für den Befragten persönlich durch die Einführung des Euro; Euro unterstützt Preisstabilität oder führt zur Zunahme der Inflation in Litauen; genutzte Informationsquelle über die Euro-Einführung; hilfreichste Informationsquelle während des Umstellungszeitraums; Selbsteinschätzung der Informiertheit über den Euro; Wunsch nach mehr Information zu ausgewählten Aspekten des Euro; Zufriedenheit mit den Informationen der nationalen Behörden zum Euro; Rezeption von Fernsehspots oder Anzeigen in litauischen Zeitungen oder Zeitschriften über den Euro sowie Einschätzung ihrer Nützlichkeit; Besitz eines Euro-Umrechners sowie Einschätzung seiner Nützlichkeit. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Staatsangehörigkeit; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Hochschulabschluss; berufliche Stellung; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Anzahl der Personen ab 15 Jahren im Haushalt (Haushaltsgröße). Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Land; Gewichtungsfaktor. Lithuania after the changeover to the euro. Topics: difficulties handling euro coins and banknotes; currency used for counting or calculating when doing common or exceptional purchases; difficulties converting Lithuanian litas to euro and understanding the value in euro; assessment of dual price displays as useful and correct; purchase of a euro coins starter kit before January 2015 and reasons for not having purchased one; intended use of the starter kit; problems and kind of problems encountered when exchanging or withdrawing euro cash in the first week of January 2015; assessment of the changeover to the euro as smoothly and efficiently; naming of security features of euro banknotes; assessment of the frequency of incorrect price conversions or rounding of prices; having the euro is a good thing for the own country and for the respondent; expectation of positive consequences due to the introduction for the own country and personally; euro will help to maintain price stability or will increase inflation in Lithuania; used source of information about the introduction of the euro; most efficient source of information during the changeover period; self-rated knowledge about the euro; desire for more information on selected issues about the euro; satisfaction with the information about the euro provided by the national authorities; reception of TV spots or advertisements in Lithuanian newspapers or magazines about the euro and assessment of their usefulness; possession of a euro calculator and assessment of its usefulness. Demography: age; sex; nationality; age at end of education; graduated from university; professional position; region; type of community; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; household composition and household size. Additionally coded was: type of phone line; weighting factor.

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

Lettland nach der Umstellung auf den Euro. Themen: Schwierigkeiten beim Umgang mit Euro-Münzen und -Banknoten; zum Überschlagen und Rechnen verwendete Währung bei normalen oder besonderen Einkäufen; Schwierigkeiten bei der Umrechnung lettischer Lats in Euro sowie beim Verstehen des Wertes in Euro; Einschätzung der doppelten Preisangaben als nützlich und korrekt; Kauf eines Euro-Starterkit vor Januar 2014 sowie Gründe, aus denen keins gekauft wurde; geplante Verwendung des Starterkit; Probleme und Art der Probleme beim Umtausch oder Abheben von Euro-Bargeld in der ersten Januarwoche 2014; Einschätzung der Umstellung auf den Euro als reibungslos und effizient; Nennung einiger Sicherheitsmerkmale von Euro-Banknoten; Einschätzung der Häufigkeit falscher Umrechnungen und Rundungen von Preisen; erwartete Auswirkungen des Euro: Unterstützung der Preisstabilität oder Zunahme der Inflation in Lettland; genutzte Informationsquelle über die Euro-Einführung; hilfreichste Informationsquelle während des Umstellungszeitraums; Selbsteinschätzung der Informiertheit über den Euro; Wunsch nach mehr Information zu ausgewählten Aspekten des Euro; Zufriedenheit mit den Informationen zum Euro durch die nationalen Behörden; Rezeption von Fernsehspots oder Anzeigen in lettischen Zeitungen oder Zeitschriften über den Euro sowie Einschätzung ihrer Nützlichkeit; Besitz eines Euro-Umrechners sowie Einschätzung seiner Nützlichkeit. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Staatsangehörigkeit; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Hochschulabschluss; berufliche Stellung; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Anzahl der Personen ab 15 Jahren im Haushalt (Haushaltsgröße). Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Gewichtungsfaktor. Latvia after the changeover to the euro. Topics: difficulties handling euro coins and banknotes; currency used for counting or calculating when doing common or exceptional purchases; difficulties converting Latvian lats to euro and understanding the value in euro; assessment of dual price displays as useful and correct; purchase of a euro coins starter kit before January 2014 and reasons for not having purchased one; intended use of the starter kit; problems and kind of problems encountered when exchanging or withdrawing euro cash in the first week of January 2014; assessment of the changeover to the euro as smoothly and efficiently; naming of security features of euro banknotes; assessment of the frequency of incorrect price conversions or rounding of prices; expected impact of the euro: will help to maintain price stability or will increase inflation in Latvia; used source of information about the introduction of the euro; most efficient source of information during the changeover period; self-rated knowledge about the euro; desire for more information on selected issues about the euro; satisfaction with the information about the euro provided by the national authorities; reception of TV spots or advertisements in Latvian newspapers or magazines about the euro and assessment of their usefulness; possession of a euro calculator and assessment of its usefulness. Demography: age; sex; nationality; age at end of education; graduated from university; professional position; region; type of community; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; household composition and household size. Additionally coded was: type of phone line; weighting factor. Telephone interview: CATI Nationale Bevölkerung sowie die Bürger aller Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union, die in Lettland wohnhaft sind, im Alter von 15 Jahren und älter, und über zum Ausfüllen des Fragebogens ausreichende Kenntnis der Landessprache verfügen

One United States dollar was worth over ********* Indonesian rupiah in September 2025, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.