This dataset provides composite consumer price index figures covering the period from 1750-2023. It is primarily intended to provide the backend for a simple inflation calculator program, and for making historical comparisons.

Series information: - Year: The year. - Composite index: This is a composite consumer price index built from previous indexes to provide coverage over a longer time period. - Annual difference: The difference between this row’s composite index value and that of the preceding year. - Percentage difference: The annual difference expressed as a percentage. - Cumulative change since 1750: The cumulative difference in inflation since 1750. - Difference from today: The difference in index value between the given year and 2023.

Guide

You can use the dataset to answer the following types of questions, in the following ways:

What is the equivalent sum of money in year X (2003) prices of £50 in year Y (1850)?

This can be determined by how much prices have risen over the relevant period. It can be calculated by: Amount to be revalued multiplied by later year’s index divided by earlier year’s index. For the above example, £50 x 715.2/8.4 = £4,257

What was the purchasing power of the pound in year X (1995), compared to 1965?

100 times earlier year’s index/later year’s index. 100 x 58.4/588.2 = 9.9p This can be reversed by inverting the numerator and denominator in the above equation, to give the earlier year’s value in the latter year.

When converted to the value of one British pound Sterling in 2019, goods and services that cost one pound in 1210 would cost just over two thousand pounds in 2019, meaning that one pound in 1210 was worth approximately two thousand times more than it is today. This data can be used to calculate how much goods and services from the years shown would cost today, by multiplying the price from then by the number shown in the graph. For example, an item that cost 50 pounds in 1970 would theoretically cost 780 pounds in 2019's money.

In 2025, the average annual inflation rate for the United Kingdom is expected to 3.5 percent, with the average rate for 2026 predicted to fall to 2.5 percent. Inflation in the UK increased at a faster rate than expected, with the rate revised upwards from an earlier prediction of 3.2 percent. Like many countries, the UK has only recently recovered from a period of elevated inflation, which saw the CPI rate reach 9.1 percent in 2022, and 7.3 percent in 2023. Despite the recent uptick in 2025, the inflation rate is expected to fall to 2.5 percent in 2026, and to two percent between 2027 and 2029. UK inflation crisis Between 2021 and 2023, inflation surged in the UK, reaching a 41-year-high of 11.1 percent in October 2022. Although inflation fell to more usual levels by 2024, prices in the UK had already increased by over 20 percent relative to the start of the crisis. The two main drivers of price increases during this time were food and energy inflation, two of the main spending areas of UK households. Although food and energy prices came down quite sharply in 2023, underlying core inflation, which measures prices rises without food and energy, remained slightly above the headline inflation rate throughout 2024, suggesting some aspects of inflation had become embedded in the UK economy. Inflation rises across in the world in 2022 The UK was not alone in suffering from runaway inflation over the last few years. From late 2021 onwards, various factors converged to encourage a global acceleration of prices, leading to the ongoing inflation crisis. Blocked-up supply chains were one of the main factors as the world emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic. This was followed by energy and food inflation skyrocketing after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Central bank interest rates were raised globally in response to the problem, possibly putting an end to the era of cheap money that has defined monetary policy since the financial crash of 2008.

In the three months to August 2025, average weekly earnings in the United Kingdom grew by 4.7 percent. In the same month, the inflation rate for the Consumer Price Index was 3.8 percent, indicating that wages were rising faster than prices that month. Average salaries in the UK In 2024, the average salary for full-time workers in the UK was 37,430 British pounds a year, up from 34,963 in the previous year. In London, the average annual salary was far higher than the rest of the country, at 47,455 pounds per year, compared with just 32,960 in North East England. There also still exists a noticeable gender pay gap in the UK, which was seven percent for full-time workers in 2024, down from 7.5 percent in 2023. Lastly, the monthly earnings of the top one percent in the UK was 15,887 pounds as of November 2024, far higher than even that of the average for the top five percent, who earned 7,641 pounds per month, while pay for the lowest 10 percent of earners was just 805 pounds per month. Waves of industrial action in the UK One of the main consequences of high inflation and low wage growth throughout 2022 and 2023 was an increase in industrial action in the UK. In December 2022, for example, there were approximately 830,000 working days lost due to labor disputes. Throughout this month, workers across various industry sectors were involved in industrial disputes, such as nurses, train drivers, and driving instructors. Many of the workers who took part in strikes were part of the UK's public sector, which saw far weaker wage growth than that of the private sector throughout 2022. Widespread industrial action continued into 2023, with approximately 303,000 workers involved in industrial disputes in March 2023. There was far less industrial action by 2024, however, due to settlements in many of the disputes, although some are ongoing as of 2025.

In 2018, the average inflation rate in Egypt amounted to about 20.85 percent, a slight decrease compared to the previous year, when it peaked at 23.53 percent. Political unrestEgypt has been shaken by political unrest and turmoil for years now, and these events affect the economy as well. On January 25, 2011, Egyptians started protesting police brutality under then-president Hosni Mubarak, demanding an end to his reign. The protests were met with violence by armed forces, resulting in more unrest and looting. In the end, hundreds of Egyptians had lost their lives and over 6,000 were injured. After Mubarak’s subsequent resignation and the Muslim Brotherhood taking power in the country, Mohamed Morsi was elected President in 2012. He also was overthrown a year later after protests and was imprisoned. The current President, Abdel Fattah es-Sisi, was involved in overthrowing Morsi and took office in June 2014. Sisi introduced a number of economic reforms, but they did not succeed in stabilizing Egypt’s economy. Economic unrest 2017 saw the Egyptian inflation rate skyrocket from 10.2 percent in 2016 to more than double that at 23.5 percent. Ever since, inflation has recovered only slowly, although projections today see it levelling off below ten percent in the future. Around the same year, Egypt’s GDP dropped to below 240 billion U.S. dollars, a historical low. Unemployment, another key indicator, has steadily been between 12 to 13 percent - one reason for this is Egypt’s reliance on agriculture, which does not factor into the unemployment rate. National debt has also increased dramatically over the last few years. All in all, the times of economic unrest are not yet over.

During 2022, the GBP/USD exchange rate reached its lowest value ever recorded after the UK government announced its initial plans to combat inflation. Prices did increase again after these plans were turned back shortly after. As of November 14, 2025, one pound was valued at roughly 1.32 U.S. dollars.What affects an exchange rate?There are several factors that can impact an exchange rate. In terms of the current situation, the political and economic standings surrounding Brexit are probably the largest driver in the current form of the British pound. Other factors include inflation and interest rates, public debts, and deficits, as well as the country's export prices to import prices ratio.British pound to EuroSince the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound's (GBP) standing against the Euro has also been impacted. During the first half of 2020, the British pound against the Euro weakened overall.

US Turkey Production

US Turkey Production: Value, Pounds, and Turkey Numbers

By Throwback Thursday [source]

About this dataset

The dataset titled Turkey Production in the US: 1984-2016 provides comprehensive information on the value of turkey production, pounds produced, and the number of turkeys raised in the United States. This dataset draws data from the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA ERS) and covers a period spanning from 1984 to 2016.

This dataset includes multiple columns that offer crucial insights into turkey production trends over time. Firstly, there are columns dedicated to capturing the value of turkey production both in raw monetary terms and after adjusting for inflation. These values are reported in US dollars and serve as indicators of the economic significance and growth within this sector.

Additionally, this dataset presents data on pounds produced, which measures the total weight of turkeys produced within a given year. This information is essential for assessing production levels and fluctuations over time.

Moreover, another key column provides details on turkeys raised annually. This metric represents the total number of turkeys bred or developed during each specific year. By tracking changes in these figures across different years, it becomes possible to discern patterns related to turkey farming practices or industry demand.

In summary, this extensive dataset offers rich insights into various aspects relating to turkey production in the United States between 1984 and 2016. It covers significant variables such as value of production (adjusted for inflation), pounds produced, and number of turkeys raised throughout these years. With such detailed data available within this dataset, researchers can delve into analyzing historical trends while policymakers can make well-informed decisions based on an understanding of past developments in this crucial industry sector

How to use the dataset

This dataset provides information on the value of turkey production, pounds produced, and the number of turkeys raised in the United States from 1984 to 2016. It can be used for analysis or research purposes related to turkey production trends and patterns over this period.

Here's a guide on how to effectively utilize this dataset:

• Understanding the Columns:

  • Year: This column represents the year in which the data was recorded.
  • Value of Production: This column shows the total value of turkey production in dollars for a given year.
  • Value of Production - Inflation Adjusted: This column provides an adjusted value of turkey production, taking inflation into account.
  • Pounds Produced: This column displays the total weight of turkeys produced in pounds for a given year.
  • Turkeys Raised: This column indicates the total number of turkeys raised for a given year.

• Analyzing Turkey Production Trends: You can analyze how turkey production has changed over time by examining each variable individually or comparing them with each other. For example:

  • Plotting Year against Value of Production will give you an overview of how turkey production's value has evolved over the years.
  • Analyzing Pounds Produced and Turkeys Raised together could provide insights into productivity per bird.

• Identifying Factors Affecting Turkey Production: Use this dataset to investigate factors that may have influenced changes in turkey production from 1984-2016. Consider exploring these questions:

  • Are there any notable spikes or declines in value, pounds produced, or turkeys raised? What could be causing these patterns?
  • How does inflation-adjusted value differ from nominal value? Can you identify any trends related to economic conditions?

• Comparing Data Across Years: By grouping data by specific years or sets of years, you can make comparisons and identify trends. Some potential questions to explore include:

  • How has turkey production changed before and after significant events, such as economic recessions or disease outbreaks?
  • Have there been any notable shifts in turkey production methods or technology that may have affected the industry's performance?

• Potential Applications:

  • Researchers: This dataset can be valuable for researchers studying the economics and market dynamics of turkey production in the United States. You can use these data points to analyze long-term trends, identify influential factors, and develop predictive models.
  • Investors: Investors interested in the agriculture

Research Ideas

• Analyzing Trends: This dataset can be used to an...

The pound strengthened against the USD in November 2025 compared to a year prior, closing trading at 1.3647 as of November 11, 2025. This was due to various developments in the global financial market and increased inflation in the United States that has led to a pullback in the value of U.S. dollars. Inflation in the United States—as measured by the consumer price index (CPI)—declined to three percent in September 2025.

Annual inflation data extracted from research publication Richards, Patsy (2002): "Inflation: The value of the pound 1750-2001"

Gross Value Added measures the value generated in the production of goods and services. It is one measure of overall economic performance.

This dataset shows Gross Value Added at current basic prices (which include the effects of inflation), in Pounds (£). It shows a particular kind of GVA, the total income generated, which is called income-based GVA(I).

The data shows the total annual GVA(I) figure in billions of pounds, and then as pounds per head. Another figure is also included in the dataset, showing GVA(I) in pounds per head as a percentage of the equivalent UK figure.

The most recent year's data is normally provisional, with finalised data being shown in the next year's update. Data that is provisional is indicated within the dataset. Historical data is subject to revision.

This data is updated annually. For more information about the GVA(I) data and its methodology, please refer to the source link to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

One United States dollar was worth over ********* Indonesian rupiah in September 2025, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

The USD to GBP exchange rate history reveals a notably strong dollar against the pound in 2022, with values being higher than during COVID-19 or Brexit. In January 2021, for example, one U.S. dollar could buy less than 0.80 British pounds. This had changed to a value of 0.76 British pounds by November 14, 2025. Before that time, the exchange rate grew especially during the summer of 2022 - following the war in Ukraine as well as uncertainty surrounding the UK government's inflation response - as exchange rates reached the highest value since 2012.

Wages for regular pay in the United Kingdom grew by approximately 4.6 percent in the three months to September 2025, compared with 4.7 percent in the previous month. When adjusted for inflation, however, wage in the UK grew by just 0.5 percent. Twenty months of inflation outpacing wages Between November 2021 and June 2023, inflation was higher than wage growth in the UK, resulting in falling real terms earnings throughout this 20-month period. While UK inflation peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022, it was not until April 2023 that it fell below double figures, and not until May 2024 that it reached the Bank of England's target of two percent. Forecasts from the Autumn 2024 budget predict that the annual UK inflation for 2024 will be 2.5 percent, down from 7.3 percent in 2023 and 9.1 percent in 2022. Due to high inflation, the UK's minimum wage also rose quite significantly during this period, with the "main" rate increasing from 8.91 pounds per hour in 2021 to 12.21 pounds per hour in 2025. Average earnings and gender pay gap For full-time workers in the United Kingdom, the median average annual earnings was just over 39,000 British pounds in 2025, compared with around 37,500 pounds in 2024. In London, average earnings were significantly higher than the rest of the country, at just under 50,000 pounds. Just two other areas of the United Kingdom, the South East and Scotland, had annual salaries above the UK average. North East England had the lowest average salary, at 34,400 pounds. As of 2025, the gender pay gap for median gross hourly earnings in the UK was 12.8 percent for all workers, falling to 6.9 percent for full-time workers and -2.9 percent for part-time workers. Compared with 1997, when the gender pay gap was 27.5 percent for all workers, there has been a degree of progress, although, at current trends, it will be some time before the gap is closed entirely.

Inflation Rate in Syria decreased to 15.87 percent in February from 22.70 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Syria Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The GBP/USD exchange rate fell to 1.3199 on December 2, 2025, down 0.11% from the previous session. Over the past month, the British Pound has strengthened 0.44%, and is up by 4.14% over the last 12 months. British Pound - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

From January 2020 through January 2025, the value of money market funds under management in the United Kingdom (UK) remained relatively stable aside from one notable spike in value in October 2022, by January 2023, however, the spike had subsided, and fund levels had fallen below ** million British pounds.

How are money market yields linked to inflation? The money market yields are influenced by inflation expectations. When inflation expectations rise, investors typically demand higher nominal yields to offset the anticipated decline in purchasing power. Market sentiment regarding inflation is reflected in these yields, which act as indicators for both investors and policymakers. The inflation rate for the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the United Kingdom went from under *** percent in March 2021 to a high of **** percent in October 2022. Although inflation declined to *** percent in October 2023, it remained well above the levels seen before 2021. Consequently, a significant increase in money market yields was observed. Beginning in 2022, the monthly average yields from the British government bonds continued to rise until they reached their peak in mid-2023, indicating higher inflation expectations.

What is LIBOR? The London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, is a benchmark interest rate that reflects the average interest rate at which major global banks lend to each other in the interbank market. It is used to establish interest rates for financial instruments such as adjustable-rate mortgages, business loans, and derivatives. The six-month overnight London Interbank Offered Rate based on the British pound increased month by month from 2022 onwards, reaching its peak in March 2023 at **** percent. This increase in borrowing costs has a ripple effect throughout the financial system, which means higher interest rates for businesses and consumers overall.

The pound to euro history reveals that exchange rates in 2022 were not as low as they were during 2008 or since the Brexit referendum. Since the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound (GBP) weakened against the euro. From a high of 1.43 at the end of November 2015, the GBP to EUR exchange rate has remained below 1.2 since July 2016, sitting at 1.11 as of October 2020. By November 14, 2025, values had reached 1.13 euros per pound. The euro to pound exchange rate can be found on a different page.Hitting UK citizens' pocketsIt is not just European holidaymakers that are hit when the British pound to Euro exchange rate falls. The average UK consumer also feels the pinch as inflation rates often rise to cover the shortfall of the pound. When the inflation rate rises, the price of imported goods goes up and the consumer ends up paying more. GBP to U.S. dollarSince 2016's referendum, the British pound (GBP) fell across the exchange. The GBP's fall against the Euro was also reflected against the U.S. dollar where the exchange rate in May 2016 (pre-referendum) of 1.46 dollars to the pound has fallen significantly.

The value of approvals issued for house purchase lending in the UK plummeted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching a record low of 1.9 billion British pounds in May 2020. In the second half of the year, the release of pent-up demand led to the value of approvals spiking at over 23 billion British pounds in November 2020. With mortgage rates increasing in response to stubborn inflation, the value of mortgage approvals saw a substantial decrease in 2022 and an uptick in 2023, with the latest data showing a value of 15.6 billion British pounds in May 2025. Remortgage approvals followed a similar trend.

One of the major duties the Bank of England (BoE) is tasked with is keeping inflation rates low and stable. The usual tactic for keeping inflation rates down, and therefore the price of goods and services stable by the Bank of England is through lowering the Bank Rate. Such a measure was used in 2008 during the global recession when the BoE lowered the bank base rate from **** percent to *** percent. Due to the economic fears surrounding the COVID-19 virus, as of the 19th of March 2020, the bank base rate was set to its lowest ever standing. The issue with lowering interest rates is that there is an end limit as to how low they can go. Quantitative easing Quantitative easing is a measure that central banks can use to inject money into the economy to hopefully boost spending and investment. Quantitative easing is the creation of digital money in order to purchase government bonds. By purchasing large amounts of government bonds, the interest rates on those bonds lower. This in turn means that the interest rates offered on loans for the purchasing of mortgages or business loans also lowers, encouraging spending and stimulating the economy. Large enterprises jump at the opportunity After the initial stimulus of *** billion British pounds through quantitative easing in March 2020, the Bank of England announced in June that they would increase the amount by a further 100 billion British pounds. In March of 2020, the headline flow of borrowing by non-financial industries including construction, transport, real estate and the manufacturing sectors increased significantly.

The USD/EGP exchange rate fell to 47.5100 on December 2, 2025, down 0.02% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Egyptian Pound has weakened 0.66%, but it's up by 4.41% over the last 12 months. Egyptian Pound - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.