The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

Inflation Expectations in the United States increased to 3.20 percent in August from 3.10 percent in July of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Consumer Inflation Expectations- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

During the period beginning roughly in the mid-1980s until the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008), the U.S. economy experienced a time of relative economic calm, with low inflation and consistent GDP growth. Compared with the turbulent economic era which had preceded it in the 1970s and the early 1980s, the lack of extreme fluctuations in the business cycle led some commentators to suggest that macroeconomic issues such as high inflation, long-term unemployment and financial crises were a thing of the past. Indeed, the President of the American Economic Association, Professor Robert Lucas, famously proclaimed in 2003 that "central problem of depression prevention has been solved, for all practical purposes". Ben Bernanke, the future chairman of the Federal Reserve during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics recipient, coined the term 'the Great Moderation' to describe this era of newfound economic confidence. The era came to an abrupt end with the outbreak of the GFC in the Summer of 2007, as the U.S. financial system began to crash due to a downturn in the real estate market.

Causes of the Great Moderation, and its downfall

A number of factors have been cited as contributing to the Great Moderation including central bank monetary policies, the shift from manufacturing to services in the economy, improvements in information technology and management practices, as well as reduced energy prices. The period coincided with the term of Fed chairman Alan Greenspan (1987-2006), famous for the 'Greenspan put', a policy which meant that the Fed would proactively address downturns in the stock market using its monetary policy tools. These economic factors came to prominence at the same time as the end of the Cold War (1947-1991), with the U.S. attaining a new level of hegemony in global politics, as its main geopolitical rival, the Soviet Union, no longer existed. During the Great Moderation, the U.S. experienced a recession twice, between July 1990 and March 1991, and again from March 2001 tom November 2001, however, these relatively short recessions did not knock the U.S. off its growth path. The build up of household and corporate debt over the early 2000s eventually led to the Global Financial Crisis, as the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble in 2007 reverberated across the financial system, with a subsequent credit freeze and mass defaults.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for Switzerland (FPCPITOTLZGCHE) from 1960 to 2024 about Switzerland, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, and price.

United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data was reported at 2.410 % in 15 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.440 % for 14 May 2025. United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data is updated daily, averaging 1.900 % from Jan 2003 (Median) to 15 May 2025, with 5597 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.590 % in 25 Mar 2022 and a record low of 0.140 % in 19 Mar 2020. United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I: Breakeven Inflation Rate. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

United States US: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator: Linked Series data was reported at 1.799 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.276 % for 2016. United States US: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator: Linked Series data is updated yearly, averaging 1.978 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.699 % in 1990 and a record low of 0.759 % in 2009. United States US: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator: Linked Series data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Inflation. Inflation as measured by the annual growth rate of the GDP implicit deflator shows the rate of price change in the economy as a whole. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over time due to changes in base years, source data and methodologies. Thus, it may not be comparable with other national accounts series in the database for historical years.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on World Bank national accounts data archives, OECD National Accounts, and the IMF WEO database.; ;

Inflation Rate in Australia decreased to 2.10 percent in the second quarter of 2025 from 2.40 percent in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Australia Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Price quote data (for locally collected data only) and consumption segment indices that underpin consumer price inflation statistics, giving users access to the detailed data that are used in the construction of the UK’s inflation figures. The data are being made available for research purposes only and are not an accredited official statistic. From October 2024, private school fees and part-time education classes have been included in the consumption segment indices file. For more information on the introduction of consumption segments, please see the Consumer Prices Indices Technical Manual, 2019. Note that this dataset was previously called the consumer price inflation item indices and price quotes dataset.

Switzerland Core Inflation Rate: excl Fresh and Seasonal Products, Energy and Fuels data was reported at 0.600 % in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.900 % for Mar 2025. Switzerland Core Inflation Rate: excl Fresh and Seasonal Products, Energy and Fuels data is updated monthly, averaging 0.450 % from May 2001 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 288 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.400 % in Feb 2023 and a record low of -1.200 % in Jun 2012. Switzerland Core Inflation Rate: excl Fresh and Seasonal Products, Energy and Fuels data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Swiss Federal Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Switzerland – Table CH.I010: Core Inflation: Annual Change.

Egypt EG: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data was reported at 22.933 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.246 % for 2016. Egypt EG: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data is updated yearly, averaging 9.929 % from Dec 1966 (Median) to 2017, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.138 % in 1987 and a record low of 0.870 % in 1999. Egypt EG: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank.WDI: Inflation. Inflation as measured by the annual growth rate of the GDP implicit deflator shows the rate of price change in the economy as a whole. The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Median;

Graph and download economic data for Core Consumer Price Inflation for Djibouti (DJIPCPICOREPCHPT) from 2014 to 2025 about Djibouti, consumer prices, core, REO, consumer, inflation, and rate.

Since 2021, the large economies of Western Europe have been experiencing a surge in inflation, with inflation reaching as high as 11.84 percent in Italy during October 2022. During 2023 the rate of inflation in all these economies has fallen significantly, reaching as low as 0.67 percent in Italy and 3.17 percent in Germany. This inflationary episode is understood by economists to have been caused by several factors, notably the supply chain issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, pent-up consumer demand which was released after lockdowns ended, as well as policies of monetary and fiscal stimulus during the pandemic aimed at boosting economic activity.

The annual monthly inflation rate in the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) increased steadily from February 2021 to October 2022, when the inflation rate reached **** percent compared to the same month the previous year. However, it has been slowing slightly since, dropping to *** percent as of July 2024. The world saw rising inflation through 2022 and 2023, driven by an aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and further spurred by Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

View LSEG's extensive Economic Data, including content that allows the analysis and monitoring of national economies with historical and real-time series.

The Index of Common Inflation Expectations (CIE) pulls together a variety of measures that look at the inflation expectations of economic agents. Data dimensions include the type of economic agent, the horizon of the expectation, the source of data (survey versus market-based measures), and the associated inflation concept. CIE is constructed using 21 inflation expectation indicators derived from households, firms, professional forecasters, and financial market participants. Both 'short horizon' (forecasts for the year ahead) and 'long horizon' (forecasts for a period over the next 5-10 years) inflation expectations are included. The quarterly index began in September 2020 and includes data from 1999 to present.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts and calculations presented in US Monetary Policy and the Recent Surge in Inflation, PIIE Working Paper 24-13.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Reifschneider, David. 2024. US Monetary Policy and the Recent Surge in Inflation. PIIE Working Paper 24-13. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Poland Core Inflation: 15% Trimmed Mean data was reported at 101.697 Same Mth PY=100 in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 101.772 Same Mth PY=100 for Sep 2018. Poland Core Inflation: 15% Trimmed Mean data is updated monthly, averaging 102.223 Same Mth PY=100 from Jan 1998 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 250 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 113.702 Same Mth PY=100 in Feb 1998 and a record low of 99.391 Same Mth PY=100 in Jan 2016. Poland Core Inflation: 15% Trimmed Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bank of Poland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.I011: Core Inflation: Same Month Previous Year=100.

Iran’s inflation rate rose sharply to 34.79 percent in 2019 and was projected to rise another 14 percentage points before slowly starting to decline. Given the recent sanctions by the United States regarding the nuclear deal, this number has both political and economic implications. Political implications President Hassan Rouhani won the 2017 election based on economic promises, many stemming from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran Nuclear Deal. Lifting these sanctions opened the Iranian economy to many opportunities, including the chance to benefit from increased oil exports. The JCPOA was an integral part of the Rouhani campaign, so any economic hardship that is linked to the deal will likely be blamed on the president. Economic implications High inflation leads to high interest rates, which leads to less borrowing. Less borrowing means less investment, which slows economic growth. This slower growth often leads to higher inflation, which is what economists call an inflationary spiral. As such, Iran will have difficulty achieving substantial GDP growth until inflation returns to manageable rates.

Burma (Myanmar): Inflation: percent change in the Consumer Price Index: The latest value from 2019 is 8.8 percent, an increase from 6.9 percent in 2018. In comparison, the world average is 5.0 percent, based on data from 176 countries. Historically, the average for Burma (Myanmar) from 1960 to 2019 is 13.3 percent. The minimum value, -6 percent, was reached in 1978 while the maximum of 57.1 percent was recorded in 2002.

Cost of food in Lebanon increased 23.55 percent in August of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - Lebanon Food Inflation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.