In 2023, the usual median hourly rate of a worker's wage in the United States was 19.24 U.S. dollars, a decrease from the previous year. Dollar value is based on 2023 U.S. dollars. In 1979, the median hourly earnings in the U.S. was 17.48 dollars.

The Consumer Price Index in Iceland increased 0.80 percent in June of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - Iceland Inflation Rate MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Les attentes en matière d'inflation sur 5 ans dans le Michigan, aux États-Unis, ont diminué à 4 % en juin, contre 4,20 % en mai 2025. Cette dataset présente un graphique avec des données historiques sur les attentes d'inflation sur 5 ans pour le Michigan aux États-Unis.

In 2023, the median weekly earnings of a full-time employee in the United States of America was ***** U.S. dollars, an increase from 2022. Dollar value is based on constant 2023 U.S. dollars. In 1979, the median weekly earnings of a full-time employee was *** constant 2023 U.S. dollars. Median weekly earnings not adjusted for inflation can be found here.

Core consumer prices in Chile increased 3.96 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - Chile Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2023, the usual median hourly rate of a male worker's wage in the U.S. was ***** U.S. dollars. Dollar value is based on 2023 U.S. dollars. This is a decrease from the previous year, when men's median hourly wage was ***** 2023 U.S. dollars. The median hourly earnings of men in the U.S. not adjusted for inflation can be found here.

In 2023, the usual median hourly rate of a female worker's wage in the United States was 18.11 U.S. dollars. Dollar value is based on 2023 U.S. dollars. This is a slight increase from the previous year, when women's median hourly wage was 17.9 constant 2023 U.S. dollars. The median hourly earnings of women in the U.S. not adjusted for inflation can be accessed here.

India inflation rate for 2024 was 4.95%, a 0.7% decline from 2023.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>India inflation rate for 2023 was <strong>5.65%</strong>, a <strong>1.05% decline</strong> from 2022.</li>
<li>India inflation rate for 2022 was <strong>6.70%</strong>, a <strong>1.57% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>India inflation rate for 2021 was <strong>5.13%</strong>, a <strong>1.49% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
</ul>Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

The Volcker Shock was a period of historically high interest rates precipitated by Federal Reserve Chairperson Paul Volcker's decision to raise the central bank's key interest rate, the Fed funds effective rate, during the first three years of his term. Volcker was appointed chairperson of the Fed in August 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, as replacement for William Miller, who Carter had made his treasury secretary. Volcker was one of the most hawkish (supportive of tighter monetary policy to stem inflation) members of the Federal Reserve's committee, and quickly set about changing the course of monetary policy in the U.S. in order to quell inflation. The Volcker Shock is remembered for bringing an end to over a decade of high inflation in the United States, prompting a deep recession and high unemployment, and for spurring on debt defaults among developing countries in Latin America who had borrowed in U.S. dollars.

Monetary tightening and the recessions of the early '80s

Beginning in October 1979, Volcker's Fed tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates. This decision had the effect of depressing demand and slowing down the U.S. economy, as credit became more expensive for households and businesses. The Fed funds rate, the key overnight rate at which banks lend their excess reserves to each other, rose as high as 17.6 percent in early 1980. The rate was allowed to fall back below 10 percent following this first peak, however, due to worries that inflation was not falling fast enough, a second cycle of monetary tightening was embarked upon starting in August of 1980. The rate would reach its all-time peak in June of 1981, at 19.1 percent. The second recession sparked by these hikes was far deeper than the 1980 recession, with unemployment peaking at 10.8 percent in December 1980, the highest level since The Great Depression. This recession would drive inflation to a low point during Volcker's terms of 2.5 percent in August 1983.

The legacy of the Volcker Shock

By the end of Volcker's terms as Fed Chair, inflation was at a manageable rate of around four percent, while unemployment had fallen under six percent, as the economy grew and business confidence returned. While supporters of Volcker's actions point to these numbers as proof of the efficacy of his actions, critics have claimed that there were less harmful ways that inflation could have been brought under control. The recessions of the early 1980s are cited as accelerating deindustrialization in the U.S., as manufacturing jobs lost in 'rust belt' states such as Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania never returned during the years of recovery. The Volcker Shock was also a driving factor behind the Latin American debt crises of the 1980s, as governments in the region defaulted on debts which they had incurred in U.S. dollars. Debates about the validity of using interest rate hikes to get inflation under control have recently re-emerged due to the inflationary pressures facing the U.S. following the Coronavirus pandemic and the Federal Reserve's subsequent decision to embark on a course of monetary tightening.

Colombia Inflation Rate: Cali data was reported at 0.320 % in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.060 % for Nov 2018. Colombia Inflation Rate: Cali data is updated monthly, averaging 0.870 % from Jan 1979 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 480 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.340 % in Mar 1979 and a record low of -0.700 % in Oct 2013. Colombia Inflation Rate: Cali data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Administrative Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.I002: Consumer Price Index: Inflation Rate.

Norway Core Inflation Index data was reported at 1.159 Index, 2022 in Dec 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.153 Index, 2022 for Sep 2026. Norway Core Inflation Index data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.692 Index, 2022 from Mar 1979 (Median) to Dec 2026, with 192 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.159 Index, 2022 in Dec 2026 and a record low of 0.219 Index, 2022 in Mar 1979. Norway Core Inflation Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.OECD.EO: Consumer and Wholesale Price Index: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly.

Colombia Inflation Rate: Pasto data was reported at 0.360 % in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.220 % for Nov 2018. Colombia Inflation Rate: Pasto data is updated monthly, averaging 0.790 % from Jan 1979 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 480 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.550 % in Sep 1990 and a record low of -1.700 % in Dec 1982. Colombia Inflation Rate: Pasto data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Administrative Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.I002: Consumer Price Index: Inflation Rate.

Consumer Price Index CPI in Brazil increased to 7312.97 points in June from 7295.46 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Brazil Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Colombia Inflation Rate: Barranquilla data was reported at 0.190 % in Dec 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.340 % for Nov 2018. Colombia Inflation Rate: Barranquilla data is updated monthly, averaging 0.810 % from Jan 1979 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 480 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.790 % in Jan 1988 and a record low of -0.420 % in Aug 1983. Colombia Inflation Rate: Barranquilla data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Administrative Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.I002: Consumer Price Index: Inflation Rate.

Colombia Inflation Rate: Manizales data was reported at 0.270 % in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.100 % for Nov 2018. Colombia Inflation Rate: Manizales data is updated monthly, averaging 0.790 % from Jan 1979 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 480 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.940 % in May 1985 and a record low of -0.820 % in Aug 1983. Colombia Inflation Rate: Manizales data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Administrative Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.I002: Consumer Price Index: Inflation Rate.

Colombia Inflation Rate: Medellin data was reported at 0.430 % in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.190 % for Nov 2018. Colombia Inflation Rate: Medellin data is updated monthly, averaging 0.925 % from Jan 1979 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 480 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.940 % in Nov 1981 and a record low of -1.470 % in May 1986. Colombia Inflation Rate: Medellin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Administrative Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.I002: Consumer Price Index: Inflation Rate.

Hong Kong HK: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data was reported at 2.931 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.658 % for 2016. Hong Kong HK: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data is updated yearly, averaging 4.299 % from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.760 % in 1979 and a record low of -6.008 % in 2003. Hong Kong HK: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Inflation. Inflation as measured by the annual growth rate of the GDP implicit deflator shows the rate of price change in the economy as a whole. The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Median;

United States CSI: Expected Inflation: Next 5 Yrs: Don't Know data was reported at 1.000 % in May 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 1.000 % for Apr 2018. United States CSI: Expected Inflation: Next 5 Yrs: Don't Know data is updated monthly, averaging 2.000 % from Feb 1979 (Median) to May 2018, with 380 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.000 % in Feb 1981 and a record low of 0.000 % in Feb 2017. United States CSI: Expected Inflation: Next 5 Yrs: Don't Know data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by University of Michigan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.H030: Consumer Sentiment Index: Unemployment, Interest Rates, Prices and Government Expectations. The questions were: 'What about the outlook for prices over the next 5 to 10 years? Do you think prices will be higher, to go up, on the average, during the next 12 months?' and 'By about what percent per year do you expect prices to go up or down, on the average, during the next 5 to 10 years?'

This study is part of a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1952. The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. In conjunction with research and development efforts for AMERICAN NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY, 1980 (ICPSR 7763), this small national pilot survey was conducted utilizing 30 primary sampling units. Respondents were interviewed in March 1979 and reinterviewed in April 1979. The survey focused on the evaluation of candidates (their traits and affects), the dimensions of partisanship, assessment of inflation versus unemployment, social context (friends and neighborhood), and the follow-up of the national problems deemed most important by respondents, such as inflation, the federal budget, the balance of trade, changes in the economy, and the efficacy of governmental intervention in domestic affairs.

ABSTRACT By most standards, Brazilian inflation has been the most intractable in world history. The time span of high Brazilian inflation is unparalleled: inflation has exceeded 50 percent per annum every year since 1979 and has been at double digit rates every year since 1957. Even Argentina, the perennial rival of Brazil for the dubious distinction or longest-running high inflation, has achieved price stabilization since April 1991. There have been innumerable major and minor attempts at Brazilian stabilization, including at least five major “Plans” since 1986. Each has failed. Brazil is currently in the midst of another major stabilization attempt, the Plan Real. This paper assesses the difficulties inherent in Brazilian stabilization programs, and the prospects for the Plan Real, including its particular motivations and its chances for success.