Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

In January 2025, prices had increased by three percent compared to January 2024 according to the 12-month percentage change in the consumer price index — the monthly inflation rate for goods and services in the United States. The data represents U.S. city averages. In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. A projection of the annual U.S. inflation rate can be accessed here and the actual annual inflation rate since 1990 can be accessed here. InflationOne of the most important economic indicators is the development of the Consumer Price Index in a country. The change in this price level of goods and services is defined as the rate of inflation. The inflationary situation in the United States had been relatively severe in 2022 due to global events relating to COVID-19, supply chain restrains, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More information on U.S. inflation may be found on our dedicated topic page. The annual inflation rate in the United States has increased from 3.2 percent in 2011 to 8.3 percent in 2022. This means that the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar has weakened in recent years. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. According to the data published by the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) was about 258.84 in 2020 and is forecasted to grow up to 325.6 by 2027, compared to the base period from 1982 to 1984. The monthly percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for urban consumers in the United States was 0.1 percent in March 2023 compared to the previous month. In 2022, countries all around the world are experienced high levels of inflation. Although Brazil already had an inflation rate of 8.3 percent in 2021, compared to the previous year, while the inflation rate in China stood at 0.85 percent.

The UK inflation rate was 3.6 percent in June 2025, up from 3.4 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since January 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent, respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

Inflation Rate in Jordan decreased to 1.68 percent in July from 2 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Jordan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in Singapore decreased to 0.60 percent in July from 0.80 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides - Singapore Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

As of September 2022, the food inflation rate in Sudan was measured at almost ****** percent compared to the same month of the previous year. Since February 2021, when inflation of food reached its highest level at around *** percent, a declining trend in food inflation has been noticed. The inflation wave that started in January 2020 was triggered by political instability. It is worth noting that in April 2019, President Omar al-Bashir was removed from his post by the Army following mass protests.

Inflation Rate in Philippines decreased to 0.90 percent in July from 1.40 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Philippines Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation is an important measure of any country’s economy, and the Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the most widely used indicators in the United Kingdom, with the rate expected to be 4.1 percent in 2025, compared with 3.6 percent in 2024. This followed 2022, when RPI inflation reached a rate of 11.6 percent, by far the highest annual rate during this provided time period. CPI vs RPI Although the Retail Price Index is a commonly utilized inflation indicator, the UK also uses a newer method of calculating inflation, the Consumer Price Index. The CPI, along with the CPIH (Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs) are usually preferred by the UK government, but the RPI is still used in certain instances. Increases in rail fares for example, are calculated using the RPI, while increases in pension payments are calculated using CPI, when this is used as the uprating factor. The use of one inflation measure over the other can therefore have a significant impact on people’s lives in the UK. High inflation falls to more typical levels by 2024 Like the Retail Price Index, the Consumer Price Index inflation rate also reached a recent peak in October 2022. In that month, prices were rising by 11.1 percent and did not fall below double figures until April 2023. This fall was largely due to slower price increases in key sectors such as energy, which drove a significant amount of the 2022 wave of inflation. Inflation nevertheless remains elevated, fueled not only by high food inflation, but also by underlying core inflation. As of February 2025, the overall CPI inflation rate was 2.8 percent, although an uptick in inflation is expected later in the year, with a rate of 3.7 percent forecast for the third quarter of the year.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Bunzl (BNZL) Riding the Inflation Wave

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Attitude towards the EU and the euro. Topics: assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; having the euro is a good thing for the own country and for Europe; changes in feeling European due to the euro; difficulty to distinguish and handle euro bank notes and specific coins; opinion about the number of existing coins and which euro coin denominations should be removed; conversion from the price in euro to the national currency when it comes to exceptional and common purchases; assessment of dual price displays as useful (only in SI, MT, CY); prices increased during the changeover period (only in SI, MT, CY); development of the inflation rate compared with the situation before the introduction of the euro; travels outside the own country at least once a year; impact of the euro introduction: easier traveling, easier price comparisons with other countries, reduction of cross-border banking charges; state of national budget in 2008: surplus, deficit, balance; awareness of the ´Stability and Growth Pact´; need for significant reforms to improve economy; successful reforms in other euro area countries facilitate reforms in the own country; governments need to save for the ageing populations; taxes should be increased to finance economic reforms; expenditures should be reduced to finance economic reforms; EU should play an active role in national reforms; importance of reforms in the areas: labour market, health system, pension system, social security system, market reforms, taxation, education systems, reforms in general, reforms in other areas; personally affected by the aforementioned reforms; expected impact of the reforms on national economy; inflation rate in the own country last year; expectations regarding the inflation rate in the current year; development of household income since last year and expectations for the current year. Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; call history; region; weighting factor. Einstellung zur Europäischen Union und zur Euro-Einführung. Wirtschaftliche Situation. Themen: EU-Mitgliedschaft ist eine gute Sache; der Euro ist eine gute Sache für das Befragungsland sowie für Europa; Veränderung des Identifikationsgefühls als Europäer durch den Euro; Schwierigkeiten mit dem Unterscheiden der Euro-Münzen und Banknoten sowie Nennung der Münzen, die Schwierigkeiten bereiten; Zufriedenheit mit der Menge der unterschiedlichen Münzarten; Münzen, die abgeschafft werden sollten; Umrechnen in die alte nationale Währung bei täglichen oder außergewöhnlichen Einkäufen; Inflationsschub durch die Euro-Einführung; Auslandsreisen; Vorteile durch den Euro: kostengünstigeres Reisen, leichterer Preisvergleich, Verringerung der grenzüberschreitenden Bankgebühren; Kenntnis eines Überschusses des Staatshaushalts im Befragungsland; Kenntnis des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakts; Zustimmung zu Reformen: zur Leistungssteigerung der Wirtschaft, Reformen in anderen Euro-Ländern üben Druck auf Reformen im eigenen Land aus, Notwendigkeit des Sparens zur Vorbereitung auf Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels, Steuererhöhung zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Reduzierung der Sozialausgaben zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Wunsch nach aktiver Rolle der EU beim Reformprozess im Befragungsland; wichtigste Reformbereiche (Arbeitsmarkt, Gesundheitssystem, Rentensystem, Sozialversicherung, Öffnen von Märkten, Besteuerung, Bildungssystem); eigene Betroffenheit in den vorgenannten Reformbereichen; positive oder negative Wirkung der Reformen auf die nationale Wirtschaft; Inflationsrate im letzten Jahr im Befragungsland; erwartete Inflationsrate; Entwicklung des Haushaltseinkommens des Befragten im letzten Jahr sowie erwartete zukünftige Entwicklung. In Slowenien, Malta und Zypern wurde zusätzlich gefragt: Beurteilung der Notwendigkeit der dualen Preisauszeichnung und des Preisanstiegs während des Währungswechsels. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Land; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Anzahl der Kontaktversuche; Region; Gewichtungsfaktor.

Einstellung zur Europäischen Union und zur Euro-Einführung. Wirtschaftliche Situation. Themen: EU-Mitgliedschaft ist eine gute Sache; der Euro ist eine gute Sache für das Befragungsland sowie für Europa; Veränderung des Identifikationsgefühls als Europäer durch den Euro; Schwierigkeiten mit dem Unterscheiden der Euro-Münzen und Banknoten sowie Nennung der Münzen, die Schwierigkeiten bereiten; Zufriedenheit mit der Menge der unterschiedlichen Münzarten; Münzen, die abgeschafft werden sollten; Umrechnen in die alte nationale Währung bei täglichen oder außergewöhnlichen Einkäufen; Inflationsschub durch die Euro-Einführung; Auslandsreisen; Vorteile durch den Euro: kostengünstigeres Reisen, leichterer Preisvergleich, Verringerung der grenzüberschreitenden Bankgebühren; Kenntnis eines Überschusses des Staatshaushalts im Befragungsland; Kenntnis des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakts; Zustimmung zu Reformen: zur Leistungssteigerung der Wirtschaft, Reformen in anderen Euro-Ländern üben Druck auf Reformen im eigenen Land aus, Notwendigkeit des Sparens zur Vorbereitung auf Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels, Steuererhöhung zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Reduzierung der Sozialausgaben zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Wunsch nach aktiver Rolle der EU beim Reformprozess im Befragungsland; wichtigste Reformbereiche (Arbeitsmarkt, Gesundheitssystem, Rentensystem, Sozialversicherung, Öffnen von Märkten, Besteuerung, Bildungssystem); eigene Betroffenheit in den vorgenannten Reformbereichen; positive oder negative Wirkung der Reformen auf die nationale Wirtschaft; Inflationsrate im letzten Jahr im Befragungsland; erwartete Inflationsrate; Entwicklung des Haushaltseinkommens des Befragten im letzten Jahr sowie erwartete zukünftige Entwicklung. In Slowenien, Malta und Zypern wurde zusätzlich gefragt: Beurteilung der Notwendigkeit der dualen Preisauszeichnung und des Preisanstiegs während des Währungswechsels. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Land; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Anzahl der Kontaktversuche; Region; Gewichtungsfaktor. Attitude towards the EU and the euro. Topics: assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; having the euro is a good thing for the own country and for Europe; changes in feeling European due to the euro; difficulty to distinguish and handle euro bank notes and specific coins; opinion about the number of existing coins and which euro coin denominations should be removed; conversion from the price in euro to the national currency when it comes to exceptional and common purchases; assessment of dual price displays as useful (only in SI, MT, CY); prices increased during the changeover period (only in SI, MT, CY); development of the inflation rate compared with the situation before the introduction of the euro; travels outside the own country at least once a year; impact of the euro introduction: easier traveling, easier price comparisons with other countries, reduction of cross-border banking charges; state of national budget in 2008: surplus, deficit, balance; awareness of the ´Stability and Growth Pact´; need for significant reforms to improve economy; successful reforms in other euro area countries facilitate reforms in the own country; governments need to save for the ageing populations; taxes should be increased to finance economic reforms; expenditures should be reduced to finance economic reforms; EU should play an active role in national reforms; importance of reforms in the areas: labour market, health system, pension system, social security system, market reforms, taxation, education systems, reforms in general, reforms in other areas; personally affected by the aforementioned reforms; expected impact of the reforms on national economy; inflation rate in the own country last year; expectations regarding the inflation rate in the current year; development of household income since last year and expectations for the current year. Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; call history; region; weighting factor. Telephone interview Personen im Alter von 15 Jahren und älter

Inflation Expectations In the Euro Area remained unchanged at 2.60 percent in July. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Inflation Expectations.

In 2022, the world was hit with a significant spike in inflation. And perceptions about what the actual wave of inflation was, differed somewhat, depending on income. When asked about it in the fourth quarter of 2022, Canadian consumers earning less than 40,000 Canadian dollars a year, estimated the rate of inflation at roughly 8.3 percent. Those earning over 100,000 Canadian dollars annually believed the average inflation rate to have been about 7.9 percent during the previous 12 months. Perceived inflation rates as of the first quarter of 2024 have gone down for all income brackets.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

(APA) APA Stock: Riding the Energy Wave?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Einstellung zur Europäischen Union und zur Euro-Einführung. Wirtschaftliche Situation. Themen: EU-Mitgliedschaft ist eine gute Sache; der Euro ist eine gute Sache für das Befragungsland sowie für Europa; Veränderung des Identifikationsgefühls als Europäer durch den Euro; Schwierigkeiten mit dem Unterscheiden der Euro-Münzen und Banknoten sowie Nennung der Münzen, die Schwierigkeiten bereiten; Zufriedenheit mit der Menge der unterschiedlichen Münzarten; Münzen, die abgeschafft werden sollten; Umrechnen in die alte nationale Währung bei täglichen oder außergewöhnlichen Einkäufen; nur in Zypern, Malta und Slowenien: Präferenz für duale Preisauszeichnung; empfundene Preiserhöhungen durch die Euro-Einführung; an alle: Inflationsschub durch die Euro-Einführung; Auslandsreisen; Vorteile durch den Euro: kostengünstigeres Reisen, leichterer Preisvergleich, Verringerung der grenzüberschreitenden Bankgebühren; Kenntnis eines Überschusses des Staatshaushalts im Befragungsland; Kenntnis des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakts; Zustimmung zu Reformen: zur Leistungssteigerung der Wirtschaft, Reformen in anderen Euro-Ländern üben Druck auf das eigene Land aus, Notwendigkeit des Sparens zur Vorbereitung auf Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels, Steuererhöhung zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Reduzierung der Sozialausgaben zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Wunsch nach aktiver Rolle der EU beim Reformprozess im Befragungsland; wichtigste Reformbereiche; eigene Betroffenheit von genannten Reformbereichen; positive oder negative Wirkung der Reformen auf die nationale Wirtschaft; Inflationsrate im letzten Jahr im Befragungsland; erwartete Inflationsrate; Entwicklung des Haushaltseinkommens des Befragten im letzten Jahr sowie erwartete zukünftige Entwicklung. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad; Haushaltszusammensetzung und Haushaltsgröße; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Land; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Region; Gewichtungsfaktor. Attitude towards the EU and the euro. Topics: assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; having the euro is a good thing for the own country and for Europe; changes in feeling European due to the euro; difficulty to distinguish and handle euro bank notes and specific coins; opinion about the number of existing coins and which euro coin denominations should be removed; conversion from the price in euro to the national currency when it comes to exceptional and common purchases; assessment of dual price displays as useful (only in SI, MT, CY); prices increased during the changeover period (only in SI, MT, CY); development of the inflation rate compared with the situation before the introduction of the euro; travels outside the own country at least once a year; impact of the euro introduction: easier traveling, easier price comparisons with other countries, reduction of cross-border banking charges; state of national budget in 2006: surplus, deficit, balance; awareness of the ´Stability and Growth Pact´; need for significant reforms to improve economy; successful reforms in other euro area countries put pressure on national government to reform; governments need to save for the ageing populations; taxes should be increased to finance economic reforms; expenditures should be reduced to finance economic reforms; EU should play an active role in national reforms; importance of reforms in the areas: labour market, health system, pension system, social security system, market reforms, taxation, education systems, reforms in general, reforms in other areas; personally affected by the aforementioned reforms; expected impact of the reforms on national economy; inflation rate in the own country last year; expectations regarding the inflation rate in the current year; development of household income since last year and expectations for the current year. Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community; household composition and household size; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; region; weighting factor.

Wages in the United States increased 5.35 percent in July of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Wages and Salaries Growth - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

According to a survey conducted between July 9 and July 11, 2022, ** percent of Americans thought that Joe Biden was highly responsible for the current trend in the inflation rate. This is compared to ** percent of Americans who said President Biden did not have a lot of responsibility for the current inflation rate.

Inflation in the U.S. Global events in 2022 had a significant impact on the United States. Inflation rose from *** percent in January 2021 to *** percent in June 2022. Significantly higher prices of basic goods led to increased concern over the state of the economy, and the ability to cover increasing monthly costs with the same income. Low interest rates, COVID-19-related supply constraints, corporate profiteering, and strong consumer spending had already put pressure on prices before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Despite rising wages on paper, the rapid growth of consumer prices resulted in an overall decline in real hourly earnings in the first half of 2022.

How much control does Joe Biden have over inflation? The bulk of economic performance and the inflation rate is determined by factors outside the President’s direct control, but U.S. presidents are often held accountable for it. Some of those factors are market forces, private business, productivity growth, the state of the global economy, and policies of the Federal Reserve. Although high-spending decisions such as the 2021 COVID-19 relief bill may have contributed to rising inflation rates, the bill has been seen by economists as a necessary intervention for preventing a recession at the time, as well as being of significant importance to low-income workers impacted by the pandemic.

The most important tool for curbing inflation and controlling the U.S. economy is the Federal Reserve. The Reserve has the ability to set, raise, and lower interest rates and determine the wider monetary policy for the United States – something out of the president’s control. In June 2022, the Reserve announced it would raise interest rates **** percent for the second time that year – hoisting the rate to a target range of **** to *** percent – in an attempt to slow consumer demand and balance demand with supply. However, it can often take time before the impacts of interventions by the Federal Reserve are seen in the public’s day-to-day lives. Most economists expect this wave of inflation to pass in a year to 18 months.

The German Internet Panel (GIP) is an infrastructure project. The GIP serves to collect data about individual attitudes and preferences which are relevant for political and economic decision-making processes. Experimental variations were used in the instruments. The questionnaire contains numerous randomisations as well as a cross-questionnaire experiment. Topics: Party preference (Sunday question); assessment of the importance of selected policy fields for the federal government (labour market, foreign policy, education and research, citizen participation, energy supply, food and agriculture, European unification, family, health care system, gender equality, internal security, personal rights, pension system, national debt, tax system, environment and climate protection, consumer protection, transport, defence, currency, economy, immigration and integration); currently most important policy areas for the respondent; satisfaction with the performance of the federal government (scalometer); satisfaction with the performance of the parties CDU/CSU, SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, Die Linke (scalometer); probability of an external event: Effects of the Ukraine crisis on the availability and price of Russian gas in Germany; Federal government should draw consequences from the Ukraine crisis and find alternatives to the purchase of Russian gas; assessment of political decisions of the Federal government on the introduction of a rent brake and a car toll, on the expansion of the digital infrastructure as well as on the re-regulation of prostitution; respective responsibility for the fact that corresponding laws have not yet been passed; expected change in unemployment due to the introduction of the minimum wage respectively in Eastern Germany, Western Germany and in Germany as a whole; opinion on the introduction of a statutory minimum wage; assessment of an alternative proposal to the minimum wage (state pays the difference between the real hourly wage and a gross wage of 8.50 euros); opinion on lowering the minimum wage in regions with high unemployment instead of the same minimum wage throughout Germany; self-assessment of patience and willingness to take risks (scalometer); preferred date for the debt brake (from 2015, from 2020, from 2025, after 2030 or not at all); assessment of the debt brake; assessment of the probability that one´s own federal state will manage without new debt from 2020; one´s own federal state should comply with the debt brake if not all 16 federal states manage without new debt from 2020; net household income resp. personal income; own willingness to pay an additional tax amount so that the own federal state can get along without new debts from 2020 onwards and the amount of this contribution (answer scale depending on household income and personal income); debts of cities and municipalities: Willingness to pay additional fees so that the municipality of residence can manage without new debts and the amount of this contribution (classified); willingness to agree to the merger of one´s own federal state with a neighbouring federal state; opinion on self-determination of the tax level by the federal states; opinion on the financing of infrastructure costs in poor regions via a common EU budget; opinion on EU loans within the framework of the euro bailout fund for heavily indebted member states; opinion on the fiscal equalisation system between the federal states; whether one´s own federal state belongs to the donor states or the recipient states; opinion on a law on the formation of reserves by the federal states for the pensions of state civil servants; demand for state measures to reduce income disparities; acceptance of tax evasion; inflation in Germany: Assessment of the price development for food and clothing in general and measured against the expectations of the European Central Bank (ECB) (inflation expectations); expected annual inflation rate in five and in ten years (medium-term and long-term inflation); assessment of the European Central Bank with regard to price stability in the Eurozone; preferred combination of the amount of monthly expenditure and the amount of a loan repayment; reception frequency of news in general and of news on the topic of economy. Demography: sex; citizenship; year of birth (categorised); highest school-leaving qualification; highest professional qualification; marital status; household size; employment status; private internet use; federal state. Additionally coded were: Interview date; year of recruitment; questionnaire evaluation; overall interview assessment; unique ID identifier, household identifier and person identifier within household. Das German Internet Panel (GIP) ist ein Infrastrukturprojekt. Das GIP dient der Erhebung von Daten über individuelle Einstellungen und Präferenzen, die für politische und ökonomische Entscheidungsprozesse relevant sind. Es wurden experimentelle Variationen in den Instrumenten eingesetzt. Der Fragebogen enthält zahlreiche Randomisierungen sowie ein fragebogenübergreifendes Experiment. Themen: Parteipräferenz (Sonntagsfrage); Einschätzung der Wichtigkeit ausgewählter Politikfelder für die Bundesregierung (Arbeitsmarkt, Außenpolitik, Bildung und Forschung, Bürgerbeteiligung, Energieversorgung, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, Europäische Einigung, Familie, Gesundheitssystem, Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern, Innere Sicherheit, Persönlichkeitsrechte, Rentensystem, Staatsverschuldung, Steuersystem, Umwelt und Klimaschutz, Verbraucherschutz, Verkehr, Verteidigung, Währung, Wirtschaft, Zuwanderung und Integration); derzeit wichtigste Politikfelder für den Befragten; Zufriedenheit mit den Leistungen der Bundesregierung (Skalometer); Zufriedenheit mit den Leistungen der Parteien CDU/CSU, SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, Die Linke (Skalometer); Wahrscheinlichkeit eines von außen wirkenden Ereignisses: Auswirkungen der Ukraine-Krise auf die Verfügbarkeit und den Preis von russischem Gas in Deutschland; Bundesregierung sollte Konsequenzen aus der Ukraine-Krise ziehen und Alternativen zum Bezug von russischem Gas finden; Beurteilung von politischen Entscheidungen der Bundesregierung zur Einführung einer Mietpreisbremse und einer Pkw-Maut, zum Ausbau der digitalen Infrastruktur sowie zur Neuregulierung von Prostitution; jeweilige Verantwortlichkeit für die bisher nicht erfolgte Verabschiedung entsprechender Gesetze; erwartete Veränderung der Arbeitslosigkeit durch die Einführung des Mindestlohns jeweils in Ostdeutschland, Westdeutschland und in Deutschland insgesamt; Meinung zur Einführung eines gesetzlichen Mindestlohns; Bewertung eines Alternativvorschlags zum Mindestlohn (Staat zahlt Differenz zwischen dem realen Stundenlohn und einem Bruttolohn von 8,50 Euro); Meinung zur Senkung des Mindestlohns in Regionen mit hoher Arbeitslosigkeit statt gleicher Mindestlohn in ganz Deutschland; Selbsteinschätzung der Geduld und der Risikobereitschaft (Skalometer); präferierter Zeitpunkt für die Schuldenbremse (ab 2015, ab 2020, ab 2025, nach 2030 oder überhaupt nicht); Bewertung der Schuldenbremse; Einschätzung der Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass das eigene Bundesland ab 2020 ohne neue Schulden auskommt; eigenes Bundesland sollte Schuldenbremse einhalten, falls nicht alle 16 Bundesländer ab 2020 ohne neue Schulden auskommen; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen bzw. persönliches Einkommen; eigene Bereitschaft zur Zahlung eines zusätzlichen Steuerbetrages, damit das eigene Bundesland ab 2020 ohne neue Schulden auskommt und Höhe dieses Beitrags (Antwortskala abhängig vom Haushaltseinkommen und dem persönlichen Einkommen); Schulden von Städten und Gemeinden: Bereitschaft zur Zahlung zusätzlicher Gebühren, damit die Wohngemeinde ohne neue Schulden auskommt und Höhe diese Betrages (klassiert); Bereitschaft, dem Zusammenschluss des eigenen Bundeslandes mit einem benachbarten Bundesland zuzustimmen; Meinung zur Selbstbestimmung der Steuerhöhe durch die Bundesländer; Meinung zur Finanzierung der Infrastrukturkosten in armen Regionen über einen gemeinsamen EU-Haushalt; Meinung zu EU-Krediten im Rahmen des Euro-Rettungsschirms für stark verschuldete Mitgliedsstaaten; Meinung zum Länderfinanzausgleich; Zugehörigkeit des eigenen Bundeslandes zu den Geberländern oder Nehmerländern; Meinung zu einem Gesetz zur Bildung von Rücklagen durch die Bundesländer für die Pensionen von Landesbeamten; Forderung nach staatlichen Maßnahmen zur Verringerung von Einkommensunterschieden; Akzeptanz von Steuerhinterziehung; Inflation in Deutschland: Einschätzung der Preisentwicklung für Lebensmittel und Kleidung allgemein und gemessen an den Erwartungen der Europäischen Zentralbank (EZB) (Inflationserwartung); erwarte jährliche Inflationsrate in fünf und in zehn Jahren (mittelfristige und langfristige Inflation); Beurteilung der Europäischen Zentralbank im Hinblick auf die Preisstabilität in der Eurozone; präferierte Kombination der Höhe von monatlichen Ausgaben und der Höhe einer Kreditrückzahlung; Rezeptionshäufigkeit von Nachrichten allgemein und von Nachrichten zum Thema Wirtschaft. Demographie: Geschlecht; Staatsbürgerschaft; Geburtsjahr (kategorisiert); höchster Schulabschluss; höchste berufliche Qualifikation; Familienstand; Haushaltsgröße; Erwerbsstatus; private Internetnutzung; Bundesland. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Interviewdatum; Jahr der Rekrutierung; Fragebogenevaluation; Beurteilung der Befragung insgesamt; eindeutige ID-Kennung, Haushalts-Kennung und Personen-Kennung innerhalb des Haushalts.

Gold rose to 3,448.50 USD/t.oz on August 29, 2025, up 0.91% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gold's price has risen 5.31%, and is up 37.77% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gold - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.