The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

Inflation Expectations in the United States increased to 3.10 percent in July from 3 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Consumer Inflation Expectations- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Nowcasting Monthly Year-Over-Year is a part of the Inflation Nowcasting indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

In March 2025, the inflation rate for food prices in the United Kingdom was measured at three percent. A period of continuous deflation between March 2015 and January 2017 preceded a return to a sustained rise in the cost of food from February 2017 onwards. While food prices were deflating between September 2020 and July 2021, they started increasing rapidly from August 2021 to March 2023. The inflation rate started to decline from April 2023. Inflation rate and consumer price indexInflation is commonly measured via the consumer price index, which illustrates changes to prices paid by consumers for a representative basket of goods and services. An annualized percentage change in the price index constitutes a measure of inflation. In order to maintain an inflation rate at a stable level, to enable the general public and businesses to plan their spending, the Government set a two percent inflation target for the Bank of England. The discounter boom The increase in food prices in the United Kingdom has shifted shopping behaviours amongst consumers. Value is now key and shoppers are changing their retailer loyalties. Aldi, the German discount supermarket retailer, overtook Morrisons as Great Britain's fourth largest supermarket in September of 2022. Aldi's market share reached double digits for the first time in April 2023. It is yet to be seen if Lidl, Aldi's discounter competitor, can also continue to rise up in the ranks and eventually take over Morrisons as the fifth leading food retailer.

Inflation Rate in Norway increased to 3.30 percent in July from 3 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides - Norway Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, the average inflation rate in the United Kingdom was approximately 2.53 percent. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 14.32 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The inflation is forecast to decline by about 0.53 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

This is not going to be an article or Op-Ed about Michael Jordan. Since 2009 we've been in the longest bull-market in history, that's 11 years and counting. However a few metrics like the stock market P/E, the call to put ratio and of course the Shiller P/E suggest a great crash is coming in-between the levels of 1929 and the dot.com bubble. Mean reversion historically is inevitable and the Fed's printing money experiment could end in disaster for the stock market in late 2021 or 2022. You can read Jeremy Grantham's Last Dance article here. You are likely well aware of Michael Burry's predicament as well. It's easier for you just to skim through two related videos on this topic of a stock market crash. Michael Burry's Warning see this YouTube. Jeremy Grantham's Warning See this YouTube. Typically when there is a major event in the world, there is a crash and then a bear market and a recovery that takes many many months. In March, 2020 that's not what we saw since the Fed did some astonishing things that means a liquidity sloth and the risk of a major inflation event. The pandemic represented the quickest decline of at least 30% in the history of the benchmark S&P 500, but the recovery was not correlated to anything but Fed intervention. Since the pandemic clearly isn't disappearing and many sectors such as travel, business travel, tourism and supply chain disruptions appear significantly disrupted - the so-called economic recovery isn't so great. And there's this little problem at the heart of global capitalism today, the stock market just keeps going up. Crashes and corrections typically occur frequently in a normal market. But the Fed liquidity and irresponsible printing of money is creating a scenario where normal behavior isn't occurring on the markets. According to data provided by market analytics firm Yardeni Research, the benchmark index has undergone 38 declines of at least 10% since the beginning of 1950. Since March, 2020 we've barely seen a down month. September, 2020 was flat-ish. The S&P 500 has more than doubled since those lows. Look at the angle of the curve: The S&P 500 was 735 at the low in 2009, so in this bull market alone it has gone up 6x in valuation. That's not a normal cycle and it could mean we are due for an epic correction. I have to agree with the analysts who claim that the long, long bull market since 2009 has finally matured into a fully-fledged epic bubble. There is a complacency, buy-the dip frenzy and general meme environment to what BigTech can do in such an environment. The weight of Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft, Facebook, Nvidia and Tesla together in the S&P and Nasdaq is approach a ridiculous weighting. When these stocks are seen both as growth, value and companies with unbeatable moats the entire dynamics of the stock market begin to break down. Check out FANG during the pandemic. BigTech is Seen as Bullet-Proof me valuations and a hysterical speculative behavior leads to even higher highs, even as 2020 offered many younger people an on-ramp into investing for the first time. Some analysts at JP Morgan are even saying that until retail investors stop charging into stocks, markets probably don’t have too much to worry about. Hedge funds with payment for order flows can predict exactly how these retail investors are behaving and monetize them. PFOF might even have to be banned by the SEC. The risk-on market theoretically just keeps going up until the Fed raises interest rates, which could be in 2023! For some context, we're more than 1.4 years removed from the bear-market bottom of the coronavirus crash and haven't had even a 5% correction in nine months. This is the most over-priced the market has likely ever been. At the night of the dot-com bubble the S&P 500 was only 1,400. Today it is 4,500, not so many years after. Clearly something is not quite right if you look at history and the P/E ratios. A market pumped with liquidity produces higher earnings with historically low interest rates, it's an environment where dangerous things can occur. In late 1997, as the S&P 500 passed its previous 1929 peak of 21x earnings, that seemed like a lot, but nothing compared to today. For some context, the S&P 500 Shiller P/E closed last week at 38.58, which is nearly a two-decade high. It's also well over double the average Shiller P/E of 16.84, dating back 151 years. So the stock market is likely around 2x over-valued. Try to think rationally about what this means for valuations today and your favorite stock prices, what should they be in historical terms? The S&P 500 is up 31% in the past year. It will likely hit 5,000 before a correction given the amount of added liquidity to the system and the QE the Fed is using that's like a huge abuse of MMT, or Modern Monetary Theory. This has also lent to bubbles in the housing market, crypto and even commodities like Gold with long-term global GDP meeting many headwinds in the years ahead due to a...

At the end of 2024, Zimbabwe had the highest inflation rate in the world, at 736.11 percent change compared to the previous year. Inflation in industrialized and in emerging countries Higher inflation rates are more present in less developed economies, as they often lack a sufficient central banking system, which in turn results in the manipulation of currency to achieve short term economic goals. Thus, interest rates increase while the general economic situation remains constant. In more developed economies and in the prime emerging markets, the inflation rate does not fluctuate as sporadically. Additionally, the majority of countries that maintained the lowest inflation rate compared to previous years are primarily oil producers or small island independent states. These countries experienced deflation, which occurs when the inflation rate falls below zero; this may happen for a variety of factors, such as a shift in supply or demand of goods and services, or an outflow of capital.

Graph and download economic data for 5-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate (T5YIE) from 2003-01-02 to 2025-08-20 about spread, 5-year, interest rate, interest, inflation, rate, and USA.

Inflation rates in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ranged from ** percent inflation in Myanmar to **** percent inflation in Thailand in 2025. Only a few countries are in the 2 to 6 percent range that many economists view as optimal for emerging economies. Effects of high inflation High inflation is generally detrimental to the economy. Prices tend to rise faster than wages, meaning that people and firms have less purchasing power. This in turn leads to slower growth in the gross domestic product (GDP). It also leads to a weaker currency. For countries with a positive trade balance this can be beneficial, because exports are relatively cheaper to foreign buyers. Through the same mechanism, net importers suffer from a weaker currency. Additionally, inflation makes a country’s national debt less expensive if the debt is denominated in the local currency. However, most of this debt is in U.S. dollars, so inflation makes the debt more difficult to service and repay. Risks of deflation With deflation, consumers and firms delay investments because they expect prices to be lower in the future. This slows consumption and investment, two major components of GDP growth. The most common example of this is Japan, where the GDP growth rate has been low for a long time due, in large part, to deflation. For this reason, countries like Brunei would rather see low and stable inflation than slight deflation.

The data and programs replicate tables and figures from "The impact of inflation targeting: Testing the good luck hypothesis", by Ravenna and Mølbak Ingholt. Please see the ReadMe file for additional details.

Graph and download economic data for Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy (Chain-Type Price Index) (PCEPILFE) from Jan 1959 to Jun 2025 about chained, core, energy, headline figure, PCE, consumption expenditures, consumption, personal, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this work is to conduct a systematic literature review regarding inflation expectations, their determinants, and their implications for policy making in Latin America. The analysis shows the importance of inflation expectations in the countries that use an inflation targeting scheme, while also supporting the idea that inflation expectations can affect other sectors of the economy. As for the determinants of expectations, the findings show the importance of past iterations of expectations, supporting the idea that the inflation expectations are heavily determined by themselves. The amount of research being conducted in this field is not comprehensive. This is even more evident in the Latin American region since it is a recent research field with a meager number of publications, deeming our study useful for future research. The classification process makes it easier to know the most common variables and econometric methods used to find the determinants of inflation expectations and their impact on other economic variables.

In April 2025, the inflation rate for food in Ireland was at 3.4 percent. In comparison to the same month of the previous year, the cost of food increased by 0.7 percent. Since 2021, Ireland has a positive inflation after having a negative inflation from January 2017 to mid 2021. Food Inflation is reported by the Central Statistics Office Ireland.

Core consumer prices in Egypt increased 11.60 percent in July of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - Egypt Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Korea Consumer Survey Index: Expected Inflation: no idea data was reported at 2.300 Point in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.500 Point for Sep 2018. Korea Consumer Survey Index: Expected Inflation: no idea data is updated monthly, averaging 3.900 Point from Jan 2013 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 70 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.700 Point in Dec 2017 and a record low of 2.300 Point in Oct 2018. Korea Consumer Survey Index: Expected Inflation: no idea data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Bank of Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Korea – Table KR.H031: Consumer Survey Index: The Bank of Korea: Expected Inflation.

Cost of food in Jamaica increased 3.66 percent in July of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - Jamaica Food Inflation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Attitude towards the EU and the euro. Topics: assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; having the euro is a good thing for the own country and for Europe; changes in feeling European due to the euro; difficulty to distinguish and handle euro bank notes and specific coins; opinion about the number of existing coins and which euro coin denominations should be removed; conversion from the price in euro to the national currency when it comes to exceptional and common purchases; assessment of dual price displays as useful (only in SI, MT, CY); prices increased during the changeover period (only in SI, MT, CY); development of the inflation rate compared with the situation before the introduction of the euro; travels outside the own country at least once a year; impact of the euro introduction: easier traveling, easier price comparisons with other countries, reduction of cross-border banking charges; state of national budget in 2007: surplus, deficit, balance; awareness of the ´Stability and Growth Pact´; need for significant reforms to improve economy; successful reforms in other euro area countries put pressure on national government to reform; governments need to save for the ageing populations; taxes should be increased to finance economic reforms; expenditures should be reduced to finance economic reforms; EU should play an active role in national reforms; importance of reforms in the areas: labour market, health system, pension system, social security system, market reforms, taxation, education systems, reforms in general, reforms in other areas; personally affected by the aforementioned reforms; expected impact of the reforms on national economy; inflation rate in the own country last year; expectations regarding the inflation rate in the current year; development of household income since last year and expectations for current year. Demography: sex; age; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; type of community. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; region; weighting factor. Einstellung zur Europäischen Union und zur Euro-Einführung. Wirtschaftliche Situation. Themen: EU-Mitgliedschaft ist eine gute Sache; der Euro ist eine gute Sache für das Befragungsland sowie für Europa; Veränderung des Identifikationsgefühls als Europäer durch den Euro; Schwierigkeiten mit dem Unterscheiden der Euro-Münzen und Banknoten sowie Nennung der Münzen, die Schwierigkeiten bereiten; Zufriedenheit mit der Menge der unterschiedlichen Münzarten; Münzen, die abgeschafft werden sollten; Umrechnen in die alte nationale Währung bei täglichen oder außergewöhnlichen Einkäufen; Inflationsschub durch die Euro-Einführung; Auslandsreisen; Vorteile durch den Euro: kostengünstigeres Reisen, leichterer Preisvergleich, Verringerung der grenzüberschreitenden Bankgebühren; Kenntnis eines Überschusses des Staatshaushalts im Befragungsland; Kenntnis des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakts; Zustimmung zu Reformen: zur Leistungssteigerung der Wirtschaft, Reformen in anderen Euro-Ländern üben Druck auf das eigene Land aus, Notwendigkeit des Sparens zur Vorbereitung auf Auswirkungen des demographischen Wandels, Steuererhöhung zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Reduzierung der Sozialausgaben zur Finanzierung von Reformen, Wunsch nach aktiver Rolle der EU beim Reformprozess im Befragungsland; wichtigste Reformbereiche; eigene Betroffenheit von genannten Reformbereichen; positive oder negative Wirkung der Reformen auf die nationale Wirtschaft; Inflationsrate im letzten Jahr im Befragungsland; erwartete Inflationsrate; Entwicklung des Haushaltseinkommens des Befragten im letzten Jahr sowie erwartete zukünftige Entwicklung. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Land; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Region; Gewichtungsfaktor.

Abstract

Food price inflation is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources of consumer prices are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual price trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes food price estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following areas: Afghanistan, Armenia, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Dem. Rep., Congo, Rep., Gambia, The, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Indonesia, Iraq, Kenya, Lao PDR, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen, Rep.