During the period beginning roughly in the mid-1980s until the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008), the U.S. economy experienced a time of relative economic calm, with low inflation and consistent GDP growth. Compared with the turbulent economic era which had preceded it in the 1970s and the early 1980s, the lack of extreme fluctuations in the business cycle led some commentators to suggest that macroeconomic issues such as high inflation, long-term unemployment and financial crises were a thing of the past. Indeed, the President of the American Economic Association, Professor Robert Lucas, famously proclaimed in 2003 that "central problem of depression prevention has been solved, for all practical purposes". Ben Bernanke, the future chairman of the Federal Reserve during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics recipient, coined the term 'the Great Moderation' to describe this era of newfound economic confidence. The era came to an abrupt end with the outbreak of the GFC in the Summer of 2007, as the U.S. financial system began to crash due to a downturn in the real estate market.

Causes of the Great Moderation, and its downfall

A number of factors have been cited as contributing to the Great Moderation including central bank monetary policies, the shift from manufacturing to services in the economy, improvements in information technology and management practices, as well as reduced energy prices. The period coincided with the term of Fed chairman Alan Greenspan (1987-2006), famous for the 'Greenspan put', a policy which meant that the Fed would proactively address downturns in the stock market using its monetary policy tools. These economic factors came to prominence at the same time as the end of the Cold War (1947-1991), with the U.S. attaining a new level of hegemony in global politics, as its main geopolitical rival, the Soviet Union, no longer existed. During the Great Moderation, the U.S. experienced a recession twice, between July 1990 and March 1991, and again from March 2001 tom November 2001, however, these relatively short recessions did not knock the U.S. off its growth path. The build up of household and corporate debt over the early 2000s eventually led to the Global Financial Crisis, as the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble in 2007 reverberated across the financial system, with a subsequent credit freeze and mass defaults.

In the third quarter of 2024, half of Norwegian companies had problems with increasing purchase prices as a result of rising inflation seen around the world. Moreover, more than 40 percent faced problems due to an unstable economic framework. On the other hand, only 10 percent had issues with lack of credits or financing. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the Russian War in Ukraine that started in February 2022, inflation has been surging worldwide. For more information about inflation in the Nordic countries, please visit our dedicated topic page.

This dataset provides values for INFLATION RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Context

Happiness and well-being are essential indicators of societal progress, often influenced by economic conditions such as GDP and inflation. This dataset combines data from the World Happiness Index (WHI) and inflation metrics to explore the relationship between economic stability and happiness levels across 148 countries from 2015 to 2023. By analyzing key economic indicators alongside social well-being factors, this dataset provides insights into global prosperity trends.

Content

This dataset is provided in CSV format and includes 16 columns, covering both happiness-related features and economic indicators such as GDP per capita, inflation rates, and corruption perception. The main columns include:

Happiness Score & Rank (World Happiness Index ranking per country) Economic Indicators (GDP per capita, inflation metrics) Social Factors (Freedom, Social Support, Generosity) Geographical Information (Country & Continent)

Acknowledgements

The dataset is created using publicly available data from World Happiness Report, Gallup World Poll, and the World Bank. It has been structured for research, machine learning, and policy analysis purposes.

Inspiration

How do economic factors like inflation, GDP, and corruption affect happiness? Can we predict a country's happiness score based on economic conditions? This dataset allows you to analyze these relationships and build models to predict well-being trends worldwide.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland provides daily “nowcasts” of inflation for two popular price indexes, the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCE) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These nowcasts give a sense of where inflation is today. Released each business day.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

It is widely acknowledged that the Fed can control the average inflation rate over a period of time reasonably well. Because of this and the Federal Open Market Committee's (FOMC's) long-standing commitment to price stability, the author argues that the FOMC has an implicit long-run inflation objective (LIO) lower and upper bounds to the long-run inflation rate. He shows that the statements made by the FOMC in 2003 clarified the lower bound of its LIO and that the average of long-run inflation expectations responded by rising about 80 basis points. Moreover, consistent with reducing the market's uncertainty about the FOMC's LIO, long-run inflation expectations became more stable. The FOMC has recently been more specific about the upper bound of its LIO as well. The FOMC could eliminate the remaining uncertainty by establishing an explicit, numerical inflation objective.

The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

About this dataset

Context

The dataset illustrates the median household income in Good Hope, spanning the years from 2010 to 2023, with all figures adjusted to 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars. Based on the latest 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates from the American Community Survey, it displays how income varied over the last decade. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into median household income trends and explore income variations.

Key observations:

From 2010 to 2023, the median household income for Good Hope increased by $8,475 (13.99%), as per the American Community Survey estimates. In comparison, median household income for the United States increased by $5,602 (7.68%) between 2010 and 2023.

Analyzing the trend in median household income between the years 2010 and 2023, spanning 13 annual cycles, we observed that median household income, when adjusted for 2023 inflation using the Consumer Price Index retroactive series (R-CPI-U-RS), experienced growth year by year for 8 years and declined for 5 years.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2022-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Years for which data is available:

• 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 0223

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year from 2010 to 2023
• Median Household Income: Median household income, in 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars for the specific year
• YOY Change($): Change in median household income between the current and the previous year, in 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars
• YOY Change(%): Percent change in median household income between current and the previous year

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Good Hope median household income. You can refer the same here

Inflation Rate in Norway increased to 3 percent in May from 2.50 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Norway Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This is not going to be an article or Op-Ed about Michael Jordan. Since 2009 we've been in the longest bull-market in history, that's 11 years and counting. However a few metrics like the stock market P/E, the call to put ratio and of course the Shiller P/E suggest a great crash is coming in-between the levels of 1929 and the dot.com bubble. Mean reversion historically is inevitable and the Fed's printing money experiment could end in disaster for the stock market in late 2021 or 2022. You can read Jeremy Grantham's Last Dance article here. You are likely well aware of Michael Burry's predicament as well. It's easier for you just to skim through two related videos on this topic of a stock market crash. Michael Burry's Warning see this YouTube. Jeremy Grantham's Warning See this YouTube. Typically when there is a major event in the world, there is a crash and then a bear market and a recovery that takes many many months. In March, 2020 that's not what we saw since the Fed did some astonishing things that means a liquidity sloth and the risk of a major inflation event. The pandemic represented the quickest decline of at least 30% in the history of the benchmark S&P 500, but the recovery was not correlated to anything but Fed intervention. Since the pandemic clearly isn't disappearing and many sectors such as travel, business travel, tourism and supply chain disruptions appear significantly disrupted - the so-called economic recovery isn't so great. And there's this little problem at the heart of global capitalism today, the stock market just keeps going up. Crashes and corrections typically occur frequently in a normal market. But the Fed liquidity and irresponsible printing of money is creating a scenario where normal behavior isn't occurring on the markets. According to data provided by market analytics firm Yardeni Research, the benchmark index has undergone 38 declines of at least 10% since the beginning of 1950. Since March, 2020 we've barely seen a down month. September, 2020 was flat-ish. The S&P 500 has more than doubled since those lows. Look at the angle of the curve: The S&P 500 was 735 at the low in 2009, so in this bull market alone it has gone up 6x in valuation. That's not a normal cycle and it could mean we are due for an epic correction. I have to agree with the analysts who claim that the long, long bull market since 2009 has finally matured into a fully-fledged epic bubble. There is a complacency, buy-the dip frenzy and general meme environment to what BigTech can do in such an environment. The weight of Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft, Facebook, Nvidia and Tesla together in the S&P and Nasdaq is approach a ridiculous weighting. When these stocks are seen both as growth, value and companies with unbeatable moats the entire dynamics of the stock market begin to break down. Check out FANG during the pandemic. BigTech is Seen as Bullet-Proof me valuations and a hysterical speculative behavior leads to even higher highs, even as 2020 offered many younger people an on-ramp into investing for the first time. Some analysts at JP Morgan are even saying that until retail investors stop charging into stocks, markets probably don’t have too much to worry about. Hedge funds with payment for order flows can predict exactly how these retail investors are behaving and monetize them. PFOF might even have to be banned by the SEC. The risk-on market theoretically just keeps going up until the Fed raises interest rates, which could be in 2023! For some context, we're more than 1.4 years removed from the bear-market bottom of the coronavirus crash and haven't had even a 5% correction in nine months. This is the most over-priced the market has likely ever been. At the night of the dot-com bubble the S&P 500 was only 1,400. Today it is 4,500, not so many years after. Clearly something is not quite right if you look at history and the P/E ratios. A market pumped with liquidity produces higher earnings with historically low interest rates, it's an environment where dangerous things can occur. In late 1997, as the S&P 500 passed its previous 1929 peak of 21x earnings, that seemed like a lot, but nothing compared to today. For some context, the S&P 500 Shiller P/E closed last week at 38.58, which is nearly a two-decade high. It's also well over double the average Shiller P/E of 16.84, dating back 151 years. So the stock market is likely around 2x over-valued. Try to think rationally about what this means for valuations today and your favorite stock prices, what should they be in historical terms? The S&P 500 is up 31% in the past year. It will likely hit 5,000 before a correction given the amount of added liquidity to the system and the QE the Fed is using that's like a huge abuse of MMT, or Modern Monetary Theory. This has also lent to bubbles in the housing market, crypto and even commodities like Gold with long-term global GDP meeting many headwinds in the years ahead due to a...

Milking Inflation Market Outlook

The global milking inflation market size was valued at USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.3 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% from 2024 to 2032. The growth of this market is primarily driven by advancements in dairy farming technologies and the increasing demand for automation in milking processes, which enhance efficiency and productivity.

One of the major growth factors propelling the milking inflation market is the rising global demand for dairy products. As populations grow and urbanize, particularly in developing regions, the consumption of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt is increasing. This has led dairy farms to adopt more efficient milking systems to meet demand while maintaining high standards of animal welfare and product quality. Additionally, the push for sustainable farming practices is encouraging the adoption of advanced milking technologies that reduce waste and improve energy efficiency.

Technological advancements represent another significant growth driver for the milking inflation market. Innovations in robotic milking systems and electronic monitoring devices have revolutionized the dairy industry. These technologies offer numerous benefits, including reduced labor costs, improved data accuracy, and increased milk yield. Automated systems also allow for more precise monitoring of cow health and milk quality, which can lead to better overall herd management and productivity. Furthermore, research and development in this field continue to produce new solutions that are more efficient and cost-effective, further driving market growth.

The increasing focus on animal welfare is also significantly contributing to the market's expansion. Modern milking systems are designed to be gentler on cows, reducing stress and the risk of injury. This, in turn, can lead to higher milk yields and better-quality milk. Dairy farmers are increasingly aware that maintaining high standards of animal welfare can improve their profitability and sustainability. As a result, there is a growing trend towards the adoption of advanced milking technologies that prioritize the well-being of the animals.

The role of Commercial Milking Equipment in modern dairy farming cannot be overstated. As dairy farms strive to meet the increasing demand for milk and dairy products, the need for efficient and reliable milking equipment becomes paramount. Commercial milking equipment encompasses a wide range of tools and machinery designed to streamline the milking process, reduce labor costs, and enhance milk quality. These systems are engineered to handle large volumes of milk, making them ideal for commercial dairy operations. By integrating advanced technologies such as automated milking systems and electronic monitoring devices, commercial milking equipment ensures that dairy farms can maintain high standards of animal welfare while maximizing productivity. As the industry continues to evolve, the adoption of commercial milking equipment is expected to grow, driven by the need for efficiency and sustainability.

Regionally, the market outlook varies, with North America and Europe leading in the adoption of advanced milking technologies due to higher levels of technological awareness and investment capabilities. In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and increasing dairy consumption. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to show significant growth, although at a slower pace compared to other regions, due to improving economic conditions and growing agricultural sectors.

Product Type Analysis

The milking inflation market is segmented into automatic milking systems, conventional milking systems, and robotic milking systems. Automatic milking systems (AMS) have gained significant traction in recent years due to their ability to operate with minimal human intervention. AMS uses advanced sensors and software to optimize the milking process, which can lead to higher milk yield and better animal health. The ability to gather and analyze data in real-time allows farmers to make informed decisions, improving overall farm management.

Conventional milking systems, while still widely used, are gradually being phased out in favor of more advanced technologies. These sy

Graph and download economic data for 5-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate (T5YIE) from 2003-01-02 to 2025-06-24 about spread, interest rate, interest, 5-year, inflation, rate, and USA.

Inflation Rate in Iceland decreased to 3.80 percent in May from 4.20 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Iceland Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Global developments play an important role for domestic inflation rates. Earlier literature has found that a substantial amount of the variation in a large set of national inflation rates can be explained by a single global factor. However, inflation volatility has been typically neglected, although it is clearly relevant both from a policy point of view and for structural analysis and forecasting. We study the evolution of inflation rates in several countries, using a novel model that allows for commonality in both levels and volatilities, in addition to country-specific components. We find that inflation volatility is indeed important, and a substantial fraction of it can be attributed to a global factor that is also driving inflation levels and their persistence. The extent of commonality among core inflation rates and volatilities is substantially smaller than for overall inflation, which leaves scope for national monetary policies. Finally, we show that the point and density forecasting performance of the model is good relative to standard benchmarks, which provides additional evidence on its reliability.

Inflation Expectations in the United States decreased to 3.20 percent in May from 3.60 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Consumer Inflation Expectations- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

At the end of 2023, Zimbabwe had the highest inflation rate in the world, at 667.36 percent change compared to the previous year. Inflation in industrialized and in emerging countries Higher inflation rates are more present in less developed economies, as they often lack a sufficient central banking system, which in turn results in the manipulation of currency to achieve short term economic goals. Thus, interest rates increase while the general economic situation remains constant. In more developed economies and in the prime emerging markets, the inflation rate does not fluctuate as sporadically. Additionally, the majority of countries that maintained the lowest inflation rate compared to previous years are primarily oil producers or small island independent states. These countries experienced deflation, which occurs when the inflation rate falls below zero; this may happen for a variety of factors, such as a shift in supply or demand of goods and services, or an outflow of capital.

United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data was reported at 2.410 % in 15 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.440 % for 14 May 2025. United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data is updated daily, averaging 1.900 % from Jan 2003 (Median) to 15 May 2025, with 5597 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.590 % in 25 Mar 2022 and a record low of 0.140 % in 19 Mar 2020. United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I: Breakeven Inflation Rate. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

The statistic shows the inflation rate in the Netherlands from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2024, the average inflation rate in the Netherlands was about 3.22 percent compared to the previous year. Economy of the Netherlands The Netherlands has an open economy, which implies that the country is highly dependent on foreign activities, such as imports and exports. The country’s economic policies and regulations have allowed for the country to highly benefit from strong international relations, however have increased the chances of economic struggles that correspond with the economic situations in other countries as well. The Netherlands is one of the main countries for foreign direct investments in Europe due to its strategic location, superior technological infrastructure as well as international business environment, a reputation that has all but grown more formidable over the years. Additionally, the country’s tourism industry makes up a rather large part of its GDP. Despite feeling the effects of the global financial crisis of 2008 as well as the Eurozone crisis, many aspects of the Dutch economy are highly prosperous, most notably with its low inflation rates. Unemployment within the country, in spite of a slight increase over the past several years, has remained relatively low in comparison many other European countries that were equally as affected by recession.

The data and programs replicate tables and figures from "The impact of inflation targeting: Testing the good luck hypothesis", by Ravenna and Mølbak Ingholt. Please see the ReadMe file for additional details.