Inflation Rate in the United States increased to 3 percent in September from 2.90 percent in August of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Historical dataset showing Liechtenstein inflation rate by year from N/A to N/A.

Space geodetic time series, be they ground-based or space-based, have increased in length and accuracy. These series can now be mined for information on the qualitative dynamics of volcanic systems directly from surface deformation data. Here, we study three volcanoes: Akutan and Okmok that are part of the Aleutian arc, and Piton de la Fournaise on la Reunion Island. All three are continuously monitored by the Global Positioning System (GPS) and exhibit common stair step–shaped inflation cycles sometimes referred to as to as “episodic inflation events”. Here we seek to characterize the corresponding dynamical regime of pressure build-up within their plumbing system. To do so, we make use of Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA), a data-adaptive, non-parametric time series analysis methodology that allows for 1) the reliable detection and extraction of such patterns even when the corresponding signal lies close to, or even below, the data scatter; and 2) the extraction of information relevant to the underlying qualitative dynamics without a priori assumptions on the underlying physical mechanisms. For our three volcanoes, we find that the inflation cycles resemble the relaxation oscillations of a simple oscillator that involves a nonlinear dissipative mechanism. This finding provides important guidelines for physics-based models of episodic inflation cycles. In fact, the three volcanoes share a plumbing system composed of several interconnected storage bodies. Guided by the qualitative M-SSA–inferred dynamics, we formulate a simple physical model of two magma bodies connected by a conduit in which the viscosity of the fluid varies with temperature or magma crystallization. We show that such a model possesses internal relaxation oscillations similar to those of a simple oscillator. These oscillations correspond to repetitive events with sharp variations in the rate of magma transport and they can account for episodic events of pressure build-up in magma bodies, with no need for a time-dependent magma flux into or out of the system. We also show that the model’s number of degrees of freedom is consistent with the amount of information extracted from M-SSA data analysis. The approach presented here relies on the robust statistical analysis of deformation time series to constrain the phenomenology of pressure build-up within a volcanic plumbing system; it provides a novel framework for understanding the dynamics of volcanic systems.

The increase in macroeconomic uncertainty leads to inefficiency in the financial and banking sectors, resulting in a rise in Non-Performing Loans (NPLs). When macroeconomic uncertainty increases, financial institutions experience higher inefficiencies, reflected in increased NPLs, and with proper management solutions, the economy can move toward sustainability. This research analyzes the effect of severe macroeconomic shocks on the NPLs of the Iranian banking system using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) model and a Panel Data Model. The study utilizes data from 2007 to 2021 on key macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth rate, inflation rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, and exchange rate, along with the ratio of Non-Current Claims to Total Facilities as an index of credit risk and the ratio of loans to total assets as a risk-taking index for banks. Our innovation lies in analyzing these variables dynamically, accounting for their correlation and mutual impact. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in inflation leads to a 0.0061% increase in NPLs, while a 1% rise in the unemployment rate results in a 0.0182% increase in NPLs. Conversely, a 1% increase in GDP growth reduces NPLs by 0.0036%. Furthermore, shocks to interest rates, exchange rates, and economic growth increase credit risk, with a 1% interest rate shock raising the default rate from 7.8% to 9.2% over time.

In 2024, the rate of surveyed unemployment in urban areas of China amounted to approximately 5.1 percent. The unemployment rate is expected to remain at 5.1 percent in 2025 and the following years. Monthly unemployment ranged at a level of around 5.2 percent in the third quarter of 2025. Unemployment rate in China In 2017, the National Statistics Bureau of China introduced surveyed unemployment as a new indicator of unemployment in the country. It is based on monthly surveys among the labor force in urban areas of China. Surveyed unemployment replaced registered unemployment figures, which were often criticized for missing out large parts of the urban labor force and thereby not presenting a true picture of urban unemployment levels. However, current unemployment figures still do not include rural areas.A main concern in China’s current state of employment lies within the large regional differences. As of 2021, the unemployment rate in northeastern regions of China was notably higher than in China’s southern parts. In Beijing, China’s political and cultural center, registered unemployment ranged at around 3.2 percent for 2021. Indicators of economic activities Apart from the unemployment rate, most commonly used indicators to measure economic activities of a country are GDP growth and inflation rate. According to an IMF forecast, GDP growth in China will decrease to about four percent in 2025, after five percent in 2023, depicting a decrease of more than six percentage points from 10.6 percent in 2010. Quarterly growth data published by the National Bureau of Statistics indicated 5.4 percent GDP growth for the first quarter of 2025.

The increase in macroeconomic uncertainty leads to inefficiency in the financial and banking sectors, resulting in a rise in Non-Performing Loans (NPLs). When macroeconomic uncertainty increases, financial institutions experience higher inefficiencies, reflected in increased NPLs, and with proper management solutions, the economy can move toward sustainability. This research analyzes the effect of severe macroeconomic shocks on the NPLs of the Iranian banking system using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) model and a Panel Data Model. The study utilizes data from 2007 to 2021 on key macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth rate, inflation rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, and exchange rate, along with the ratio of Non-Current Claims to Total Facilities as an index of credit risk and the ratio of loans to total assets as a risk-taking index for banks. Our innovation lies in analyzing these variables dynamically, accounting for their correlation and mutual impact. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in inflation leads to a 0.0061% increase in NPLs, while a 1% rise in the unemployment rate results in a 0.0182% increase in NPLs. Conversely, a 1% increase in GDP growth reduces NPLs by 0.0036%. Furthermore, shocks to interest rates, exchange rates, and economic growth increase credit risk, with a 1% interest rate shock raising the default rate from 7.8% to 9.2% over time.

This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) looks at the potential for accelerated economic growth in Tajikistan, where as of the peace agreement of mid-1997, renewed reform efforts have brought stability, where inflation is under control, small scale privatization has been completed, and, efforts to reform agriculture have been intensified. However, the main challenge lies in reducing poverty through economic growth, helping the Government develop a set of policies to achieve this objective. The report focuses on productive economic sectors, such as industry, and agriculture, although the importance of the power sector is also briefly discussed. Finance and banking, telecommunications and transport, are outlined, basically due to their importance in the expansion of domestic economic activity, and regional/international trade. The report stipulates macroeconomic stability is still fragile, namely due to low tax revenues, and rising foreign debt, constraining fiscal sustainability, while implementation of structural reforms remains elusive, and, the share of private sector is very low. Nonetheless, Tajikistan's potential to increase its output with little additional investment, lies in its human, and physical capital, provided these are used efficiently in the medium term. Sustaining macroeconomic stability, requires credibility, and consistency in monetary policies, improved revenue mobilization, and careful management of its foreign debt. But a medium-term strategy should be in place, to sequence reforms, and enable private development.

The "Canada Per Capita Income Prediction" dataset presents a comprehensive collection of historical economic data focused on Canada's per capita income, with the added dimension of predictive analysis. This dataset has been meticulously curated to offer a deep understanding of income trends, enabling researchers, economists, and policymakers to make informed decisions.

Sourced from reputable governmental agencies such as Statistics Canada, the dataset spans several decades, encompassing varying economic scenarios and policy changes. It combines indicators such as GDP growth, employment rates, inflation, and sectoral contributions, providing a holistic view of the factors influencing per capita income.

The inspiration behind compiling and predicting this dataset lies in the crucial need for accurate economic forecasting. As economies continue to evolve, accurate predictions facilitate proactive planning for governments, businesses, and individuals. This dataset empowers researchers to explore correlations between income levels and various economic indicators, shedding light on the potential effects of policy decisions on the citizens' standard of living.

In addition to its analytical utility, this dataset can serve as an educational resource, allowing students and enthusiasts to grasp the complexities of economic dynamics and predictive modeling. By offering this dataset, we aim to foster a data-driven approach to understanding the economic landscape and contribute to evidence-based discussions on economic policies, growth, and prosperity in Canada.

The increase in macroeconomic uncertainty leads to inefficiency in the financial and banking sectors, resulting in a rise in Non-Performing Loans (NPLs). When macroeconomic uncertainty increases, financial institutions experience higher inefficiencies, reflected in increased NPLs, and with proper management solutions, the economy can move toward sustainability. This research analyzes the effect of severe macroeconomic shocks on the NPLs of the Iranian banking system using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) model and a Panel Data Model. The study utilizes data from 2007 to 2021 on key macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth rate, inflation rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, and exchange rate, along with the ratio of Non-Current Claims to Total Facilities as an index of credit risk and the ratio of loans to total assets as a risk-taking index for banks. Our innovation lies in analyzing these variables dynamically, accounting for their correlation and mutual impact. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in inflation leads to a 0.0061% increase in NPLs, while a 1% rise in the unemployment rate results in a 0.0182% increase in NPLs. Conversely, a 1% increase in GDP growth reduces NPLs by 0.0036%. Furthermore, shocks to interest rates, exchange rates, and economic growth increase credit risk, with a 1% interest rate shock raising the default rate from 7.8% to 9.2% over time.

This data selection represents a thematic extract from the comprehensive study “The Growth of the German Economy since the mid-19th Century“ (“Das Wachstum der deutschen Wirtschaft seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts”) from 1965 by Walter G. Hoffmann. The main objective of Hoffmann’s study is to work out statistical figures concerning the long-term development of the German national economy, as well as the individual fields of this subject area. In doing so, the time series shall enable the verification of various hypotheses concerning economic growth. This aim, however, can only be reached if such time series are based on comparable statistical, methodical, and content-related concepts, and if they are collected for a period with maximum length. Consequently, this data selection comprises more than 800 pages with 250 tables, featuring almost every time series between 1850 and 1960 that can be considered relevant for the economic development. Whenever necessary, these materials were completed by estimates. Moreover, the above-named analyses of long-term tendencies aim at creating a reference system for the numerous short-term changes occuring within most national economies in the course of a century.Here the special focus of Hoffman’s work lies on the visualisation of the gained materials as regards the raise, distribution, and use of the national income. The respective calculation is based on the two production factors of labour and capital and culminates in an overview of production. The calculation of the distribution, on the other hand, deals with the functional and individual, i.e. personal distribution of (earned and capital) income. In its turn, the calculation of use is divided into the sectors of private and public consumption, investment, and the national trade balance. Topics Timeseries data available via the downloadsystem HISTAT The chapter „the prices“ do not contain a general representation of price history, but summarises only the prices, which are necessary for computations in other parts of Hoffmann´s work, for example calculations of inflation and/or deflation of timeseries on the basis of price indices. Data excerpt: Prices(final expenditure compilation , the following factors have been taken into consideration): - Producer´s prices for crop products (1846-1959)- Producer´s prices for products from livestock farming (1850-1959)- Indices of producer´s prices of agricultural production (1850-1959)- Producer´s prices of agricultural and fishery products (1848-1959)- Price indices of investment goods (1850-1959)- Retailing consumer prices for crop products (1850-1959)- Retailing consumer prices for products from livestock farming (1850-1959)- Retailing consumer prices for products luxury foodstuffs (1850-1959)- Price indices of selected product-groups (1850-1913)- Price indices of selected product-groups (1925-1959)- Price indices of net national product at market prices (final expenditures compilation) (1850-1959)- Prices of official consumption (1925-1959)- Export-price indices: foodstuffs, luxury foodstuffs, basic materials, semi-finished goods (1880-1960)- Export-price indices: manufactured goods (1880-1960)- Import-price indices: foodstuffs, luxury foodstuffs (1872-1960)- Import-price indices: basic materials, semi-finished goods, manufactured goods (1872-1960)- Price indices of the balance of payments´ groups (1950-1959)

The increase in macroeconomic uncertainty leads to inefficiency in the financial and banking sectors, resulting in a rise in Non-Performing Loans (NPLs). When macroeconomic uncertainty increases, financial institutions experience higher inefficiencies, reflected in increased NPLs, and with proper management solutions, the economy can move toward sustainability. This research analyzes the effect of severe macroeconomic shocks on the NPLs of the Iranian banking system using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions (TVP-VAR) model and a Panel Data Model. The study utilizes data from 2007 to 2021 on key macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth rate, inflation rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, and exchange rate, along with the ratio of Non-Current Claims to Total Facilities as an index of credit risk and the ratio of loans to total assets as a risk-taking index for banks. Our innovation lies in analyzing these variables dynamically, accounting for their correlation and mutual impact. The findings indicate that a 1% increase in inflation leads to a 0.0061% increase in NPLs, while a 1% rise in the unemployment rate results in a 0.0182% increase in NPLs. Conversely, a 1% increase in GDP growth reduces NPLs by 0.0036%. Furthermore, shocks to interest rates, exchange rates, and economic growth increase credit risk, with a 1% interest rate shock raising the default rate from 7.8% to 9.2% over time.

ABSTRACT The author begins by asking why Brazilian policymakers opted to target the exchange rate to stabilize inflation when this strategy had already failed in Mexico. The answer: it was no longer possible to accommodate the country’s high inflation rate through the pervasive use of price indexation and a competitive exchange rate policy. Under conditions of high inflation, the anchoring of the exchange rate within the Real Plan was the quickest route toward price stability. However, policy success also required deep fiscal adjustment, and traditional Brazilian politics stubbornly resisted the necessary tax reforms. In contrast to Mexico, where the peso crash was fueled by reckless private sector spending and borrowing, Brazil’s January 1999 devaluation was triggered by chronically high fiscal deficits. Brazil’s rapid recovery under a flexible currency regime suggests that the macroeconomic fundamentals are back on track; the challenge now lies in the crafting of a viable pro-reform political coalition that can cut through the numerous parochial interests that converged to provoke the 1999 devaluation.

Abstract This study analyzes the evolution of household income inequality in Brazil from 1977 to 2013. Four quantiles are analyzed: Top 1%, Top 10%, Bottom 10%, and Bottom 50%. The novelty of our study lies in the use of time-series techniques to understand the phenomenon of income inequality. We use the Markov-switching regime change and state-space structural time series techniques. Both strategies suggest that income concentration periods in Brazil are related to low growth rates but high inflation rates. Recent inequality reduction in the shares of the Top 1% quantile can be viewed as a “back to normal” transition.