The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

An I(2) analysis of Australian inflation and the markup is undertaken within an imperfect competition model. It is found that the levels of prices and costs are best characterized as integrated of order 2 and that a linear combination of the levels (which may be defined as the markup) cointegrates with price inflation. From the empirical analysis we obtain a long-run relationship where higher inflation is associated with a lower markup and vice versa. The impact in the long run of inflation on the markup is interpreted as the cost to firms of overcoming missing information when adjusting prices in an inflationary environment.

Graph and download economic data for 30-Year 0.875% Treasury Inflation-Indexed Bond, Due 2/15/2047 (DTP30F47) from 2018-02-20 to 2025-03-25 about TIPS, 30-year, bonds, Treasury, interest rate, interest, real, rate, and USA.

United States - 20-Year 2 Treasury Inflation-Indexed Bond, Due 1/15/2026 was 1.03% in March of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - 20-Year 2 Treasury Inflation-Indexed Bond, Due 1/15/2026 reached a record high of 3.08 in October of 2023 and a record low of -2.12 in November of 2021. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - 20-Year 2 Treasury Inflation-Indexed Bond, Due 1/15/2026 - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data and charts presented in The Inflation Surge in Europe by Patrick Honohan, PIIE Policy Brief 24-2.

If you use the data, please cite as: Honohan, Patrick. 2024. The Inflation Surge in Europe. PIIE Policy Brief 24-2. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Graph and download economic data for 20-Year 2% Treasury Inflation-Indexed Bond, Due 1/15/2026 (DTP20J26) from 2010-01-04 to 2025-03-24 about 20-year, fees, TIPS, bonds, Treasury, interest rate, interest, real, rate, and USA.

Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in Quantity Theory of Money Redux? Will Inflation Be the Legacy of Quantitative Easing?, PIIE Policy Brief 15-7. If you use the data, please cite as: Cline, William R. (2015). Quantity Theory of Money Redux? Will Inflation Be the Legacy of Quantitative Easing?. PIIE Policy Brief 15-7. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Inflation Rate in Morocco increased to 2.60 percent in February from 2 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Morocco Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Korea Consumer Survey Index: Expected Inflation: 2 to 3% data was reported at 31.600 Point in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 29.700 Point for Sep 2018. Korea Consumer Survey Index: Expected Inflation: 2 to 3% data is updated monthly, averaging 28.600 Point from Jan 2013 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 70 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.300 Point in Sep 2013 and a record low of 25.100 Point in Feb 2013. Korea Consumer Survey Index: Expected Inflation: 2 to 3% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Bank of Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Korea – Table KR.H031: Consumer Survey Index: The Bank of Korea: Expected Inflation.

In most countries included, people expect inflation rates to remain high for at least another year. In Japan, 44 percent think that inflation will never return to normal. The country has seen very stable inflation rates for several years, but they have increased somewhat recently. On the other hand, 20 percent of the respondents in China said that inflation already is back to normal, with the country at risk of falling into deflation. Inflation increased rapidly around the world through 2022 and 2023, before it started falling in some countries in 2024.

United States SCE: Probability of Different Inflation Outcomes: 1 Year Ahead: 2 to 4% data was reported at 21.677 % in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 22.590 % for Dec 2024. United States SCE: Probability of Different Inflation Outcomes: 1 Year Ahead: 2 to 4% data is updated monthly, averaging 25.160 % from Jun 2013 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 140 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.176 % in Mar 2019 and a record low of 11.970 % in May 2022. United States SCE: Probability of Different Inflation Outcomes: 1 Year Ahead: 2 to 4% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.H071: Survey of Consumer Expectations: Inflation.

United States SCE: Distribution of 5 Year Ahead Expected Inflation Rate: 1% to 2% data was reported at 7.115 % in Jan 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.098 % for Dec 2024. United States SCE: Distribution of 5 Year Ahead Expected Inflation Rate: 1% to 2% data is updated monthly, averaging 8.007 % from Jan 2022 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.682 % in Feb 2024 and a record low of 5.098 % in May 2022. United States SCE: Distribution of 5 Year Ahead Expected Inflation Rate: 1% to 2% data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.H071: Survey of Consumer Expectations: Inflation.

Russia Inflation Expectation: Next 1-2 Months: Increase Significantly data was reported at 29.826 % in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 37.031 % for Jan 2025. Russia Inflation Expectation: Next 1-2 Months: Increase Significantly data is updated monthly, averaging 34.332 % from Jun 2012 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 96 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.742 % in Feb 2022 and a record low of 20.000 % in Feb 2018. Russia Inflation Expectation: Next 1-2 Months: Increase Significantly data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Russian Public Opinion Research Center. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Household Survey – Table RU.HE007: Inflation Expectations and Perception: Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). [COVID-19-IMPACT]

In this study, a hypothesized adverse outcome pathway (AOP) linking inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity to impaired swim bladder inflation was investigated in experiments in which fathead minnows were exposed to the TPO inhibitor 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT). Results show that anterior, but not posterior, swim bladder inflation was impacted by exposure to MBT supporting the development of an AOP linking a specific thyroid-disrupting molecular initiating event to a significant phenotypic outcome. Results also suggest an alternative short-term in vivo test with larval fathead minnows that could be used to screen chemicals for thyroid disrupting activity and possibly distinguish thyroid disrupting modes of action. The dataset contains information on TPO expression, thyroid hormone concentrations, and swim bladder inflation measurements in larval fathead minnows. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Nelson, K., A. Schroeder , G. Ankley , B. Blackwell, C. Blanksma, S. Degitz , K. Jensen , R. Johnson , M. Kahl , D. Knapen, P. Kosian , R. Milsk, E. Randolph, T. Saari, E. Stinckens, L. Vergauwen, and D. Villeneuve. Impaired anterior swim bladder inflation following exposure to the thyroid peroxidase inhibitor 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Part I: Fathead minnow. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 173: 192-203, (2016).

Iran’s inflation rate rose sharply to 34.79 percent in 2019 and was projected to rise another 14 percentage points before slowly starting to decline. Given the recent sanctions by the United States regarding the nuclear deal, this number has both political and economic implications. Political implications President Hassan Rouhani won the 2017 election based on economic promises, many stemming from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran Nuclear Deal. Lifting these sanctions opened the Iranian economy to many opportunities, including the chance to benefit from increased oil exports. The JCPOA was an integral part of the Rouhani campaign, so any economic hardship that is linked to the deal will likely be blamed on the president. Economic implications High inflation leads to high interest rates, which leads to less borrowing. Less borrowing means less investment, which slows economic growth. This slower growth often leads to higher inflation, which is what economists call an inflationary spiral. As such, Iran will have difficulty achieving substantial GDP growth until inflation returns to manageable rates.

Inflation Rate in Albania remained unchanged at 1.90 percent in February. This dataset provides - Albania Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation in Argentina was 54 percent in 2019, before falling to 42 percent in 2020. Despite Argentina's fluctuating economic instability over the twentieth century, the largest factor in its current economic status is the legacy of poor fiscal discipline left by the economic depression from 1998 to 2002. Although data is not available from 2014 to 2016, Argentina's inflation rate has been among the highest in the world for the past five years.

What causes inflation?

Inflation is a rise in price levels for all goods. Major causes of inflation include an increase in money supply, low central bank interest rates, and expectation of inflation. In a country such as Argentina, the expectation can be one of the biggest obstacles. People expect inflation to be high and demand increasing wages, and firms continue raising prices because they expect the costs of inputs to increase. Banks follow suit, charging high interest rates on fixed deposits.

Effects of inflation

Inflation negatively affects savers. 100 Argentinian pesos in 2018 was worth just under 75 pesos in 2019, after adjusting for the 34 percent inflation rate. Similarly, frequently changing prices has its own inherent cost, called “menu cost” after the price of printing new menus. Inflation will also have a positive effect on national debt when that debt is denominated in Argentinian pesos, because the pesos will be cheaper when the loan matures. However, the majority of Argentina’s debts are in foreign currency, which means that inflation will make these debts larger in peso terms.

Inflation Rate in Armenia increased to 2.50 percent in February from 1.70 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Armenia Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.