South African monthly The FTSE/JSE All Share Index data was procured from Bloomberg and the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) from South African Reserve Bank (SARB) database, where the data has been seasonally adjusted specifying 2015 as the base year. Volatility measures in these markets are generated through a multivaraite EGARCH model in the WinRATS software. South African monthly consumer price index (CPI) data was procured from the International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics (IFS) database, where the data has been seasonally adjusted, specifying 2010 as the base year. The inflation rate is constructed by taking the year-on-year changes in the monthly CPI figures. Inflation uncertainty was generated through the GARCH model in Eviews software. The following South African macroeconomic variables were procured from the SARB: real industrial production (IP), which is used as a proxy for real GDP, real investment (I), real consumption (C), inflation (CPI), broad money (M3), the 3-month treasury bill rate (TB3) and the policy rate (R), a measure of U.S. EPU developed by Baker et al. (2016) to account for global developments available at http://www.policyuncertainty.com/us_monthly.html.

Inflation Rate in the United States increased to 2.40 percent in May from 2.30 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This is not going to be an article or Op-Ed about Michael Jordan. Since 2009 we've been in the longest bull-market in history, that's 11 years and counting. However a few metrics like the stock market P/E, the call to put ratio and of course the Shiller P/E suggest a great crash is coming in-between the levels of 1929 and the dot.com bubble. Mean reversion historically is inevitable and the Fed's printing money experiment could end in disaster for the stock market in late 2021 or 2022. You can read Jeremy Grantham's Last Dance article here. You are likely well aware of Michael Burry's predicament as well. It's easier for you just to skim through two related videos on this topic of a stock market crash. Michael Burry's Warning see this YouTube. Jeremy Grantham's Warning See this YouTube. Typically when there is a major event in the world, there is a crash and then a bear market and a recovery that takes many many months. In March, 2020 that's not what we saw since the Fed did some astonishing things that means a liquidity sloth and the risk of a major inflation event. The pandemic represented the quickest decline of at least 30% in the history of the benchmark S&P 500, but the recovery was not correlated to anything but Fed intervention. Since the pandemic clearly isn't disappearing and many sectors such as travel, business travel, tourism and supply chain disruptions appear significantly disrupted - the so-called economic recovery isn't so great. And there's this little problem at the heart of global capitalism today, the stock market just keeps going up. Crashes and corrections typically occur frequently in a normal market. But the Fed liquidity and irresponsible printing of money is creating a scenario where normal behavior isn't occurring on the markets. According to data provided by market analytics firm Yardeni Research, the benchmark index has undergone 38 declines of at least 10% since the beginning of 1950. Since March, 2020 we've barely seen a down month. September, 2020 was flat-ish. The S&P 500 has more than doubled since those lows. Look at the angle of the curve: The S&P 500 was 735 at the low in 2009, so in this bull market alone it has gone up 6x in valuation. That's not a normal cycle and it could mean we are due for an epic correction. I have to agree with the analysts who claim that the long, long bull market since 2009 has finally matured into a fully-fledged epic bubble. There is a complacency, buy-the dip frenzy and general meme environment to what BigTech can do in such an environment. The weight of Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft, Facebook, Nvidia and Tesla together in the S&P and Nasdaq is approach a ridiculous weighting. When these stocks are seen both as growth, value and companies with unbeatable moats the entire dynamics of the stock market begin to break down. Check out FANG during the pandemic. BigTech is Seen as Bullet-Proof me valuations and a hysterical speculative behavior leads to even higher highs, even as 2020 offered many younger people an on-ramp into investing for the first time. Some analysts at JP Morgan are even saying that until retail investors stop charging into stocks, markets probably don’t have too much to worry about. Hedge funds with payment for order flows can predict exactly how these retail investors are behaving and monetize them. PFOF might even have to be banned by the SEC. The risk-on market theoretically just keeps going up until the Fed raises interest rates, which could be in 2023! For some context, we're more than 1.4 years removed from the bear-market bottom of the coronavirus crash and haven't had even a 5% correction in nine months. This is the most over-priced the market has likely ever been. At the night of the dot-com bubble the S&P 500 was only 1,400. Today it is 4,500, not so many years after. Clearly something is not quite right if you look at history and the P/E ratios. A market pumped with liquidity produces higher earnings with historically low interest rates, it's an environment where dangerous things can occur. In late 1997, as the S&P 500 passed its previous 1929 peak of 21x earnings, that seemed like a lot, but nothing compared to today. For some context, the S&P 500 Shiller P/E closed last week at 38.58, which is nearly a two-decade high. It's also well over double the average Shiller P/E of 16.84, dating back 151 years. So the stock market is likely around 2x over-valued. Try to think rationally about what this means for valuations today and your favorite stock prices, what should they be in historical terms? The S&P 500 is up 31% in the past year. It will likely hit 5,000 before a correction given the amount of added liquidity to the system and the QE the Fed is using that's like a huge abuse of MMT, or Modern Monetary Theory. This has also lent to bubbles in the housing market, crypto and even commodities like Gold with long-term global GDP meeting many headwinds in the years ahead due to a demographic shift of an ageing population and significant technological automation. So if you think that stocks or equities or ETFs are the best place to put your money in 2022, you might want to think again. The crash of the OTC and small-cap market since February 2021 has been quite an indication of what a correction looks like. According to the Motley Fool what happens after major downturns in the market historically speaking? In each of the previous four instances that the S&P 500's Shiller P/E shot above and sustained 30, the index lost anywhere from 20% to 89% of its value. So what's what we too are due for, reversion to the mean will be realistically brutal after the Fed's hyper-extreme intervention has run its course. Of course what the Fed stimulus has really done is simply allowed the 1% to get a whole lot richer to the point of wealth inequality spiraling out of control in the decades ahead leading us likely to a dystopia in an unfair and unequal version of BigTech capitalism. This has also led to a trend of short squeeze to these tech stocks, as shown in recent years' data. Of course the Fed has to say that's its done all of these things for the people, employment numbers and the labor market. Women in the workplace have been set behind likely 15 years in social progress due to the pandemic and the Fed's response. While the 89% lost during the Great Depression would be virtually impossible today thanks to ongoing intervention from the Federal Reserve and Capitol Hill, a correction of 20% to 50% would be pretty fair and simply return the curve back to a normal trajectory as interest rates going back up eventually in the 2023 to 2025 period. It's very unlikely the market has taken Fed tapering into account (priced-in), since the euphoria of a can't miss market just keeps pushing the markets higher. But all good things must come to an end. Earlier this month, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics released inflation data from July. This report showed that the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers rose 5.2% over the past 12 months. While the Fed and economists promise us this inflation is temporary, others are not so certain. As you print so much money, the money you have is worth less and certain goods cost more. Wage gains in some industries cannot be taken back, they are permanent - in the service sector like restaurants, hospitality and travel that have been among the hardest hit. The pandemic has led to a paradigm shift in the future of work, and that too is not temporary. The Great Resignation means white collar jobs with be more WFM than ever before, with a new software revolution, different transport and energy behaviors and so forth. Climate change alone could slow down global GDP in the 21st century. How can inflation be temporary when so many trends don't appear to be temporary? Sure the price of lumber or used-cars could be temporary, but a global chip shortage is exasperating the automobile sector. The stock market isn't even behaving like it cares about anything other than the Fed, and its $billions of dollars of buying bonds each month. Some central banks will start to taper about December, 2021 (like the European). However Delta could further mutate into a variant that makes the first generation of vaccines less effective. Such a macro event could be enough to trigger the correction we've been speaking about. So stay safe, and keep your money safe. The Last Dance of the 2009 bull market could feel especially more painful because we've been spoiled for so long in the markets. We can barely remember what March, 2020 felt like. Some people sold their life savings simply due to scare tactics by the likes of Bill Ackman. His scare tactics on CNBC won him likely hundreds of millions as the stock market tanked. Hedge funds further gamed the Reddit and Gamestop movement, orchestrating them and leading the new retail investors into meme speculation and a whole bunch of other unsavory things like options trading at such scale we've never seen before. It's not just inflation and higher interest rates, it's how absurdly high valuations have become. Still correlation does not imply causation. Just because inflation has picked up, it doesn't guarantee that stocks will head lower. Nevertheless, weaker buying power associated with higher inflation can't be overlooked as a potential negative for the U.S. economy and equities. The current S&P500 10-year P/E Ratio is 38.7. This is 97% above the modern-era market average of 19.6, putting the current P/E 2.5 standard deviations above the modern-era average. This is just math, folks. History is saying the stock market is 2x its true value. So why and who would be full on the market or an asset class like crypto that is mostly speculative in nature to begin with? Study the following on a historical basis, and due your own due diligence as to the health of the markets: Debt-to-GDP ratio Call to put ratio

The source forecast that, in 2023, the cost of advertising on digital videos in Argentina will increase by an average of 68 percent. The medium's average inflation rate in Turkey and Taiwan will reach 44 and 14 percent that year, respectively.

Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Personal Consumption Expenditures less Food and Energy Inflation Rate, Median (JCXFEMD) from 2025 to 2027 about core, projection, PCE, consumption expenditures, consumption, personal, median, inflation, rate, and USA.

• The global industry was valued at US$ 537.7 Mn in 2022
• It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% from 2023 to 2031 and reach more than US$ 851.8 Mn by the end of 2031

Global Inflation Devices Market Snapshot

Attribute	Detail
Market Value in 2022	US$ 537.7 Mn
Forecast (Value) in 2031	US$ 851.8 Mn
Growth Rate (CAGR)	5.2%
Forecast Period	2023-2031
Historical Data Available for	2017-2021
Quantitative Units	US$ Mn for Value
Market Analysis	It provides segment analysis as well as regional level analysis. Furthermore, qualitative analysis includes drivers, restraints, opportunities, key trends, Porter’s Five Forces analysis, value chain analysis, and key trend analysis.
Competition Landscape	Market share analysis by company (2022) Company profiles section includes overview, product portfolio, sales footprint, key subsidiaries or distributors, strategy & recent developments, and key financials
Format	Electronic (PDF) + Excel
Market Segmentation	Display Type Analog Inflation Devices Digital Inflation Devices Pressure Capacity 20 ml Inflation Devices 30 ml Inflation Devices 60 ml Inflation Devices Function Balloon Angioplasty Arterial Stent Placement Endoscopy Others Application Coronary Interventions Urology Gastroenterology Peripheral Interventions Others End-user Hospitals Specialty Clinics Ambulatory Surgery Centers
Regions Covered	North America Latin America Europe Asia Pacific Middle East & Africa
Countries Covered	U.S. Canada Germany U.K. France Italy Spain China India Japan Australia & New Zealand Brazil Mexico South Africa GCC Countries
Companies Profiled	Atrion Medical BD Lepu Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Merit Medical Systems Translumina Advin Health Care Dolphin Life Science India LLP Boston Scientific Corporation Acclarent, Inc. (Johnson & Johnson MedTech) B. Braun Interventional Systems Inc. CONMED Corporation Cook Medical
Customization Scope	Available upon request
Pricing	Available upon request

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Inflation: Friend or Foe to the Stock Market?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

This statistic shows the average inflation rate in the emerging market and developing economies from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the average inflation rate in the emerging market and developing economies amounted to about 7.74 percent compared to the previous year.

Core consumer prices in the United States increased 2.80 percent in May of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - United States Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This dataset provides values for SERVICES INFLATION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The global automatic tire inflation system (ATIS) sales were recorded at USD 1.8 billion in 2020. This figure is estimated to rise to USD 2.4 billion by 2025. Over the forecast period through 2035, the market is projected to reach USD 4.1 billion, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6%.

Metric	Value
Industry Size (2025E)	USD 2.4 billion
Industry Value (2035F)	USD 4.1 billion
CAGR (2025 to 2035)	5.6%

Country-Wise Analysis

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
United States	5.4%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
United Kingdom	5.3%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Germany	5.8%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Japan	5.7%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
South Korea	5.6%

Competitive Outlook

Company Name	Estimated Market Share (%)
Dana Incorporated	12-18%
SAF-Holland	10-15%
Michelin	9-13%
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company	7-12%
Hendrickson USA	5-9%
Other Companies	40-50%

It is widely acknowledged that the Fed can control the average inflation rate over a period of time reasonably well. Because of this and the Federal Open Market Committee's (FOMC's) long-standing commitment to price stability, the author argues that the FOMC has an implicit long-run inflation objective (LIO) lower and upper bounds to the long-run inflation rate. He shows that the statements made by the FOMC in 2003 clarified the lower bound of its LIO and that the average of long-run inflation expectations responded by rising about 80 basis points. Moreover, consistent with reducing the market's uncertainty about the FOMC's LIO, long-run inflation expectations became more stable. The FOMC has recently been more specific about the upper bound of its LIO as well. The FOMC could eliminate the remaining uncertainty by establishing an explicit, numerical inflation objective.

Milking Inflation Market Outlook

The global milking inflation market size was valued at USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.3 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% from 2024 to 2032. The growth of this market is primarily driven by advancements in dairy farming technologies and the increasing demand for automation in milking processes, which enhance efficiency and productivity.

One of the major growth factors propelling the milking inflation market is the rising global demand for dairy products. As populations grow and urbanize, particularly in developing regions, the consumption of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt is increasing. This has led dairy farms to adopt more efficient milking systems to meet demand while maintaining high standards of animal welfare and product quality. Additionally, the push for sustainable farming practices is encouraging the adoption of advanced milking technologies that reduce waste and improve energy efficiency.

Technological advancements represent another significant growth driver for the milking inflation market. Innovations in robotic milking systems and electronic monitoring devices have revolutionized the dairy industry. These technologies offer numerous benefits, including reduced labor costs, improved data accuracy, and increased milk yield. Automated systems also allow for more precise monitoring of cow health and milk quality, which can lead to better overall herd management and productivity. Furthermore, research and development in this field continue to produce new solutions that are more efficient and cost-effective, further driving market growth.

The increasing focus on animal welfare is also significantly contributing to the market's expansion. Modern milking systems are designed to be gentler on cows, reducing stress and the risk of injury. This, in turn, can lead to higher milk yields and better-quality milk. Dairy farmers are increasingly aware that maintaining high standards of animal welfare can improve their profitability and sustainability. As a result, there is a growing trend towards the adoption of advanced milking technologies that prioritize the well-being of the animals.

The role of Commercial Milking Equipment in modern dairy farming cannot be overstated. As dairy farms strive to meet the increasing demand for milk and dairy products, the need for efficient and reliable milking equipment becomes paramount. Commercial milking equipment encompasses a wide range of tools and machinery designed to streamline the milking process, reduce labor costs, and enhance milk quality. These systems are engineered to handle large volumes of milk, making them ideal for commercial dairy operations. By integrating advanced technologies such as automated milking systems and electronic monitoring devices, commercial milking equipment ensures that dairy farms can maintain high standards of animal welfare while maximizing productivity. As the industry continues to evolve, the adoption of commercial milking equipment is expected to grow, driven by the need for efficiency and sustainability.

Regionally, the market outlook varies, with North America and Europe leading in the adoption of advanced milking technologies due to higher levels of technological awareness and investment capabilities. In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and increasing dairy consumption. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to show significant growth, although at a slower pace compared to other regions, due to improving economic conditions and growing agricultural sectors.

Product Type Analysis

The milking inflation market is segmented into automatic milking systems, conventional milking systems, and robotic milking systems. Automatic milking systems (AMS) have gained significant traction in recent years due to their ability to operate with minimal human intervention. AMS uses advanced sensors and software to optimize the milking process, which can lead to higher milk yield and better animal health. The ability to gather and analyze data in real-time allows farmers to make informed decisions, improving overall farm management.

Conventional milking systems, while still widely used, are gradually being phased out in favor of more advanced technologies. These sy

The Inflation Devices Market report segments the industry into By Display Type (Analog Display, Digital Display), By Application (Interventional Cardiology, Interventional Radiology, Peripheral Vascular Procedures, Gastroenterology Procedures, Urology Procedures, Other Applications), By End User (Hospitals and Clinics, Ambulatory Surgical Center, Other End Users), and By Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and more).

Inflation Expectations in Czech Republic increased to 2.30 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 2.20 percent in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - Czech Republic Inflation Expectations- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The source forecast that, in 2023, the cost of digital display advertising in Argentina will increase by 66 percent, on average. The medium's average inflation rate in Turkey and Taiwan will reach 44 and 11 percent that year, respectively.

This paper exploits the term structure of interest rates to develop testable economic restrictions on the joint process of long-term interest rates and inflation when the latter is subject to a targeting policy by the central bank. In an empirical application to the Canadian inflation target zone, results indicate that financial markets perceive the band to be of approximately the same width as announced but asymmetrically distributed around the official target. This finding suggests that, in practice, the monetary authority might attach different weights to positive and negative inflation deviations from the target.

Graph and download economic data for Real market-based PCE excluding food and energy (DISCONTINUED) (DPCXRL1M225NBEA) from Feb 1987 to Jun 2015 about market-based, core, PCE, consumption expenditures, consumption, personal, real, inflation, rate, and USA.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Labor market tightness and inflation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, PIIE Working Paper 24-23.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Bloesch, Justin. 2024. Labor market tightness and inflation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. PIIE Working Paper 24-23. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

United States Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Labour Market: Private Sector Payroll: Information data was reported at 0.001 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.001 % for 05 May 2025. United States Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Labour Market: Private Sector Payroll: Information data is updated weekly, averaging 0.008 % from Jun 2020 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 259 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.139 % in 06 Jul 2020 and a record low of 0.000 % in 29 Apr 2024. United States Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Labour Market: Private Sector Payroll: Information data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Headline.