Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

BIE: Sales Level vs Normal Times: Above/Below Normal: Mean data was reported at -6.525 % in Jan 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of -6.766 % for Oct 2024. BIE: Sales Level vs Normal Times: Above/Below Normal: Mean data is updated quarterly, averaging -4.604 % from Jan 2019 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.299 % in Apr 2022 and a record low of -31.600 % in Apr 2020. BIE: Sales Level vs Normal Times: Above/Below Normal: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I113: Business Inflation Expectations Survey.

The Consumer Price Index in the United States increased 0.20 percent in February of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The statistic shows the inflation rate in India from 1987 to 2023, with projections up until 2029. The inflation rate is calculated using the price increase of a defined product basket. This product basket contains products and services, on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. They include expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. In 2023, the inflation rate in India was around 5.36 percent compared to the previous year. See figures on India's economic growth for additional information. India's inflation rate and economy Inflation is generally defined as the increase of prices of goods and services over a certain period of time, as opposed to deflation, which describes a decrease of these prices. Inflation is a significant economic indicator for a country. The inflation rate is the rate at which the general rise in the level of prices, goods and services in an economy occurs and how it affects the cost of living of those living in a particular country. It influences the interest rates paid on savings and mortgage rates but also has a bearing on levels of state pensions and benefits received. A 4 percent increase in the rate of inflation in 2011 for example would mean an individual would need to spend 4 percent more on the goods he was purchasing than he would have done in 2010. India’s inflation rate has been on the rise over the last decade. However, it has been decreasing slightly since 2010. India’s economy, however, has been doing quite well, with its GDP increasing steadily for years, and its national debt decreasing. The budget balance in relation to GDP is not looking too good, with the state deficit amounting to more than 9 percent of GDP.

In December 2024, inflation amounted to 2.9 percent, while wages grew by 4.2 percent. The inflation rate has not exceeded the rate of wage growth since January 2023. Inflation in 2022 The high rates of inflation in 2022 meant that the real terms value of American wages took a hit. Many Americans report feelings of concern over the economy and a worsening of their financial situation. The inflation situation in the United States is one that was experienced globally in 2022, mainly due to COVID-19 related supply chain constraints and disruption due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The monthly inflation rate for the U.S. reached a 40-year high in June 2022 at 9.1 percent, and annual inflation for 2022 reached eight percent. Without appropriate wage increases, Americans will continue to see a decline in their purchasing power. Wages in the U.S. Despite the level of wage growth reaching 6.7 percent in the summer of 2022, it has not been enough to curb the impact of even higher inflation rates. The federally mandated minimum wage in the United States has not increased since 2009, meaning that individuals working minimum wage jobs have taken a real terms pay cut for the last twelve years. There are discrepancies between states - the minimum wage in California can be as high as 15.50 U.S. dollars per hour, while a business in Oklahoma may be as low as two U.S. dollars per hour. However, even the higher wage rates in states like California and Washington may be lacking - one analysis found that if minimum wage had kept up with productivity, the minimum hourly wage in the U.S. should have been 22.88 dollars per hour in 2021. Additionally, the impact of decreased purchasing power due to inflation will impact different parts of society in different ways with stark contrast in average wages due to both gender and race.

Inflation Rate in Japan decreased to 3.70 percent in February from 4 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

United States BIE: Price Change Realizations: Past 12 Months: Mean data was reported at 3.536 % in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.071 % for Nov 2024. United States BIE: Price Change Realizations: Past 12 Months: Mean data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.489 % from Feb 2024 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.037 % in Feb 2024 and a record low of 3.536 % in Feb 2025. United States BIE: Price Change Realizations: Past 12 Months: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I114: Business Inflation Expectations Survey: Price Change.

Indonesia Estimated Economic Indicators: Upcoming Annual: Inflation: Current year: Mean Point Estimates data was reported at 2.510 % in Jun 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.080 % for Mar 2020. Indonesia Estimated Economic Indicators: Upcoming Annual: Inflation: Current year: Mean Point Estimates data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.390 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to Jun 2020, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.680 % in Sep 2013 and a record low of 2.510 % in Jun 2020. Indonesia Estimated Economic Indicators: Upcoming Annual: Inflation: Current year: Mean Point Estimates data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table ID.SG002: Estimated Annual Economic Indicators.

Inflation Rate in Nigeria decreased to 23.18 percent in February from 24.48 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Nigeria Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The German inflation rate has returned to normal levels of around 2.2 percent, based on preliminary figures for 2024. Compared to skyrocketing rates in 2022 and 2023, this can be seen as an improvement of the national economic situation. Various factors influenced the recent development of inflation in Germany. These are the same that pushed inflation levels around the rest of the world, particularly since the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022. The most recent recorded annual inflation rate in Germany is within the normal range defined by central banks internationally, which is generally between 1.5 and four percent a year. The 2.2 percent for 2024 are not only noticeably lower than the preceding two years, but also less than in 2021, one of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown years in Germany. 2022 and 2023 followed on the heels of the challenges posed by the pandemic which were already straining the national economy: supply chain interruptions and delays, transport problems, labor shortages across sectors and industries. These issues continue to partially impact the economy today.

Inflation Rate in Pakistan decreased to 1.50 percent in February from 2.40 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Pakistan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in Greece decreased to 2.50 percent in February from 2.70 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Greece Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in the United Kingdom decreased to 2.80 percent in February from 3 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In January 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 21 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at 0.5 percent in January 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

Inflation Rate in Ghana decreased to 23.10 percent in February from 23.50 percent in January of 2025. This dataset provides - Ghana Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: One Year Ahead: Mean data was reported at 9.600 % in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.800 % for Jun 2018. India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: One Year Ahead: Mean data is updated monthly, averaging 10.000 % from Sep 2006 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.500 % in Sep 2014 and a record low of 5.600 % in Sep 2006. India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: One Year Ahead: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table IN.SC001: Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (IESH): Reserve Bank of India: Inflation Expectations.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy in U.S. City Average (CPILFESL) from Jan 1957 to Feb 2025 about core, headline figure, all items, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: Delhi: One Year Ahead: Mean data was reported at 10.000 % in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.200 % for Sep 2018. India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: Delhi: One Year Ahead: Mean data is updated monthly, averaging 9.900 % from Sep 2008 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.900 % in Jun 2011 and a record low of 5.700 % in Jun 2009. India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: Delhi: One Year Ahead: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table IN.SC005: Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (IESH): Reserve Bank of India: Inflation Expectations: by Major Cities.

India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: Bhubaneswar: Three Months Ahead: Mean data was reported at 9.500 % in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.800 % for Jun 2018. India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: Bhubaneswar: Three Months Ahead: Mean data is updated monthly, averaging 9.900 % from Sep 2013 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.500 % in Sep 2016 and a record low of 7.300 % in Mar 2017. India IESH: RBI: Inflation Expectations: Bhubaneswar: Three Months Ahead: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table IN.SC005: Inflation Expectations Survey of Households (IESH): Reserve Bank of India: Inflation Expectations: by Major Cities.

At the end of 2023, Zimbabwe had the highest inflation rate in the world, at 667.36 percent change compared to the previous year. Inflation in industrialized and in emerging countries Higher inflation rates are more present in less developed economies, as they often lack a sufficient central banking system, which in turn results in the manipulation of currency to achieve short term economic goals. Thus, interest rates increase while the general economic situation remains constant. In more developed economies and in the prime emerging markets, the inflation rate does not fluctuate as sporadically. Additionally, the majority of countries that maintained the lowest inflation rate compared to previous years are primarily oil producers or small island independent states. These countries experienced deflation, which occurs when the inflation rate falls below zero; this may happen for a variety of factors, such as a shift in supply or demand of goods and services, or an outflow of capital.