It has long been suspected, given the salience of gasoline prices, that fluctuations in gasoline prices shift households' 1-year inflation expectations. Assessing this view empirically requires the use of dynamic structural models to quantify the cumulative effect of gasoline price shocks on household inflation expectations at each point in time. We find that, on average, gasoline price shocks account for 42% of the variation in these expectations. The cumulative increase in household inflation expectations from early 2009 to early 2013, in particular, is almost entirely explained by unexpectedly rising gasoline prices. However, there is no support for the view that the improved fit of the Phillips curve augmented by household inflation expectations during 2009 2013 is mainly explained by rising gasoline prices.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Oil and Gas Extraction (PCU21112111) from Dec 1985 to May 2025 about extraction, oil, gas, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Core Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Energy Prices: Crude Oil: Spot Price: West Texas Intermediate Cushing data was reported at 0.003 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.003 % for 05 May 2025. Core Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Energy Prices: Crude Oil: Spot Price: West Texas Intermediate Cushing data is updated weekly, averaging 0.026 % from Apr 2018 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 369 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.609 % in 03 Jun 2024 and a record low of 0.000 % in 19 Feb 2024. Core Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Energy Prices: Crude Oil: Spot Price: West Texas Intermediate Cushing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Core.

The 2025 annual OPEC oil price stood at ***** U.S. dollars per barrel, as of May. This would be lower than the 2024 average, which amounted to ***** U.S. dollars. The abbreviation OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and includes Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the United Arab Emirates. The aim of the OPEC is to coordinate the oil policies of its member states. It was founded in 1960 in Baghdad, Iraq. The OPEC Reference Basket The OPEC crude oil price is defined by the price of the so-called OPEC (Reference) basket. This basket is an average of prices of the various petroleum blends that are produced by the OPEC members. Some of these oil blends are, for example: Saharan Blend from Algeria, Basra Light from Iraq, Arab Light from Saudi Arabia, BCF 17 from Venezuela, et cetera. By increasing and decreasing its oil production, OPEC tries to keep the price between a given maxima and minima. Benchmark crude oil The OPEC basket is one of the most important benchmarks for crude oil prices worldwide. Other significant benchmarks are UK Brent, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), and Dubai Crude (Fateh). Because there are many types and grades of oil, such benchmarks are indispensable for referencing them on the global oil market. The 2025 fall in prices was the result of weakened demand outlooks exacerbated by extensive U.S. trade tariffs.

The monthly crude oil price index worldwide reached 150.37 index points in May 2025. Prices decreased compared to the previous month as economic activity was expected to fall following U.S. tariff announcements.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction: Primary Products (PCU211111211111P) from Jun 1984 to Jan 2025 about extraction, petroleum, crude, primary, gas, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Oil prices stabilize amid easing US inflation, with WTI crude trading just under $68 per barrel. Production adjustments are key in maintaining market balance.

The author argues that the economic benefits of low gasoline prices for the U.S. economy have fallen substantially since the reemergence of America as a major oil producer. The old rule-of thumb that a 10% fall in the oil price raises inflation-adjusted U.S. GDP by 0.2% is too large—the impact on economic activity should be closer to zero, and may even be negative if consumption grows slowly. The reasons for this change are straightforward, if underappreciated: (i) the value of oil production accounts for a larger share of the U.S. economy; and (ii) consumers are not spending the windfall like they used to because of higher debt levels, limited access to credit, slow wage rowth, and an older population.

Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Energy Prices: Crude Oil Price: Average International FOB: Indian Basket: USD data was reported at 2.213 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.213 % for 05 May 2025. Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Energy Prices: Crude Oil Price: Average International FOB: Indian Basket: USD data is updated weekly, averaging 0.352 % from Jul 2020 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 254 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.584 % in 05 Jul 2021 and a record low of 0.000 % in 07 Oct 2024. Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Energy Prices: Crude Oil Price: Average International FOB: Indian Basket: USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Headline.

As of May 2025, the average annual price of Brent crude oil stood at 72 U.S. dollars per barrel. This is some eight U.S. dollars lower than the 2024 average. Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Crude oil is one of the most closely observed commodity prices as it influences costs across all stages of the production process and consequently alters the price of consumer goods as well. What determines crude oil benchmarks? In the past decade, crude oil prices have been especially volatile. Their inherent inelasticity regarding short-term changes in demand and supply means that oil prices are erratic by nature. However, since the 2009 financial crisis, many commercial developments have greatly contributed to price volatility; such as economic growth by BRIC countries like China and India, and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling in the U.S. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are examples of geopolitical events dictating prices. Light crude oils - Brent and WTI Brent Crude is considered a classification of sweet light crude oil and acts as a benchmark price for oil around the world. It is considered a sweet light crude oil due to its low sulfur content and a low density and may be easily refined into gasoline. This oil originates in the North Sea and comprises several different oil blends, including Brent Blend and Ekofisk crude. Often, this crude oil is refined in Northwest Europe. Another sweet light oil often referenced alongside UK Brent is West Texas Intermediate (WTI). WTI oil prices amounted to 76.55 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024.

United States PCEPI Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Energy Prices: Petroleum Stocks: Including Strategic Petroleum Reserves data was reported at 0.000 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 05 May 2025. United States PCEPI Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Energy Prices: Petroleum Stocks: Including Strategic Petroleum Reserves data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 % from Apr 2019 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 320 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.594 % in 17 Feb 2020 and a record low of 0.000 % in 12 May 2025. United States PCEPI Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Energy Prices: Petroleum Stocks: Including Strategic Petroleum Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) Inflation: Headline.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Fuel Oil and Other Fuels in U.S. City Average (CUSR0000SEHE) from Jan 1947 to May 2025 about fuels, oil, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The global fuel energy price index stood at 153.15 index points in May 2025, up from 100 in the base year 2016. Figures decreased that month due to lower heating fuel demand and a fall in crude oil prices. The fuel energy index includes prices for crude oil, natural gas, coal, and propane. Supply constraints across multiple commodities The global natural gas price index surged nearly 11-fold, and the global coal price index rose almost seven-fold from summer 2020 to summer 2022. This notable escalation was largely attributed to the Russia-Ukraine war, exerting increased pressure on the global supply chain. Global ramifications of the Russia-Ukraine war The invasion of Ukraine by Russia played a role in the surge of global inflation rates. Notably, Argentina bore the brunt, experiencing a hyperinflation rate of 92 percent in 2022. The war also exerted a significant impact on global gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Saudi Arabia emerged with a notable increase of nearly three percent, as several Western nations shifted their exports from Russia to Middle Eastern countries due to the sanctions imposed on the former.

This dataset is about countries per year in the Americas. It has 2,240 rows. It features 4 columns: country, inflation, and electricity production from oil sources.

Brazil Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Energy Prices: Consumer Fuel Price: Liquefied Petroleum Gas: Average data was reported at 2.056 % in 12 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.829 % for 05 May 2025. Brazil Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Energy Prices: Consumer Fuel Price: Liquefied Petroleum Gas: Average data is updated weekly, averaging 3.511 % from Jun 2016 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 465 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.499 % in 31 May 2021 and a record low of 0.139 % in 08 May 2017. Brazil Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Energy Prices: Consumer Fuel Price: Liquefied Petroleum Gas: Average data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Headline.

This scatter chart displays inflation (annual %) against electricity production from oil sources (% of total) in Africa. The data is about countries.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Petroleum Products, Refined (WPU057) from Jan 1947 to May 2025 about refined, petroleum, fuels, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Petroleum refiners sell a variety of derivative products with wide usages across many different industries. Despite this strong level of diversification, refineries suffered greatly from global dips in demand for transport following the COVID-19 outbreak. Stay-at-home orders and closures of non-essential business in many European countries led to a sharp drop in demand for petrol, diesel and jet fuel as many car, ship and plane journeys came to a halt. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to many European countries announcing they would wean themselves off Russian oil, causing a substantial and sustained rise in oil prices. These strong oil prices paved the way for a significant rebound in revenue for petroleum refiners. Despite this, oil price inflation has raised the operating costs for many downstream businesses, leading to many cutting consumption and switching to renewable sources of energy, as shown by the rising uptake of electric vehicles in countries like Norway and the Netherlands. Over the five years through 2024, European petroleum refineries’ revenue is anticipated to slump at a compound annual rate of 7.2% to €620.3 billion, including a projected contraction of 23.1% in 2024. The profitability of petroleum refineries is somewhat insulated by vertical integration with crude oil extractors, which adds stability to purchase costs. Passing on additional cost increases to their customers is another key way to maintain a healthy margin. Over the five years through 2029, petroleum refineries’ revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 3.6% to reach €739.4 billion, supported by an uptick in European construction and manufacturing after being constrained for multiple years due to strong economic headwinds. Long-term revenue prospects are set to deteriorate as the push for decarbonisation in many economies will see petroleum-derived products being phased out in favour of low-carbon options.

Petroleum refiners sell a variety of derivative products with wide usages across many different industries. Despite this strong level of diversification, refineries suffered greatly from global dips in demand for transport following the COVID-19 outbreak. Stay-at-home orders and closures of non-essential business in many European countries led to a sharp drop in demand for petrol, diesel and jet fuel as many car, ship and plane journeys came to a halt. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to many European countries announcing they would wean themselves off Russian oil, causing a substantial and sustained rise in oil prices. These strong oil prices paved the way for a significant rebound in revenue for petroleum refiners. Despite this, oil price inflation has raised the operating costs for many downstream businesses, leading to many cutting consumption and switching to renewable sources of energy, as shown by the rising uptake of electric vehicles in countries like Norway and the Netherlands. Over the five years through 2024, European petroleum refineries’ revenue is anticipated to slump at a compound annual rate of 7.2% to €620.3 billion, including a projected contraction of 23.1% in 2024. The profitability of petroleum refineries is somewhat insulated by vertical integration with crude oil extractors, which adds stability to purchase costs. Passing on additional cost increases to their customers is another key way to maintain a healthy margin. Over the five years through 2029, petroleum refineries’ revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 3.6% to reach €739.4 billion, supported by an uptick in European construction and manufacturing after being constrained for multiple years due to strong economic headwinds. Long-term revenue prospects are set to deteriorate as the push for decarbonisation in many economies will see petroleum-derived products being phased out in favour of low-carbon options.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset illustrates the median household income in Petroleum County, spanning the years from 2010 to 2023, with all figures adjusted to 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars. Based on the latest 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates from the American Community Survey, it displays how income varied over the last decade. The dataset can be utilized to gain insights into median household income trends and explore income variations.

Key observations:

From 2010 to 2023, the median household income for Petroleum County increased by $7,511 (14.50%), as per the American Community Survey estimates. In comparison, median household income for the United States increased by $5,602 (7.68%) between 2010 and 2023.

Analyzing the trend in median household income between the years 2010 and 2023, spanning 13 annual cycles, we observed that median household income, when adjusted for 2023 inflation using the Consumer Price Index retroactive series (R-CPI-U-RS), experienced growth year by year for 7 years and declined for 6 years.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. All incomes have been adjusting for inflation and are presented in 2022-inflation-adjusted dollars.

Years for which data is available:

• 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 0223

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column presents the data year from 2010 to 2023
• Median Household Income: Median household income, in 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars for the specific year
• YOY Change($): Change in median household income between the current and the previous year, in 2023 inflation-adjusted dollars
• YOY Change(%): Percent change in median household income between current and the previous year

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Petroleum County median household income. You can refer the same here