In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The Consumer Price Index in Hungary increased 0.40 percent in July of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - Hungary Inflation Rate MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Historical chart and dataset showing Lebanon inflation rate by year from 2009 to 2023.

In 2022, the harmonized inflation rate in the Netherlands increased by 8.8 percentage points. Of the three Benelux countries, the Netherlands saw the highest inflation. In 2020, the harmonized inflation rate was 0.4 percent in Belgium. Inflation in Luxembourg was zero.

 HCIP forecast  

In the next three years, the harmonized inflation rate in the Netherlands was forecast to be between 1.4 and 2.6 percent annually. According to the European Commission forecast, the inflation rate would peak in 2019, before slightly decreasing again the next years.

Inflation in the Caribbean  

In the Caribbean part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, inflation was considerably lower than on the European mainland. Although the inflation rate in Curaçao was 2.6 percent in 2018, in 2015 and 2016 inflation had been -0.5 and 0 percent respectively. In Sint Maarten, the inflation rate reached 0.1 percent in 2016. Finally, Aruba had negative inflation for two consecutive years in a row before increasing to 3.6 percent in 2018.

The Consumer Price Index in Rwanda decreased 0.60 percent in July of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - Rwanda Inflation Rate MoM- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Historical chart and dataset showing Malaysia inflation rate by year from 1960 to 2024.

In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

Inflation Rate in Zimbabwe increased to 95.80 percent in July from 92.50 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Zimbabwe Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

FOMC Projections - PCE Inflation Rate: 16 years of historical data from 2009 to 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Longer Run FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Personal Consumption Expenditures Inflation Rate, Range, Midpoint (PCECTPIRMLR) from 2009-02-18 to 2025-06-18 about projection, PCE, consumption expenditures, consumption, personal, inflation, rate, and USA.

Historical chart and dataset showing France inflation rate by year from 1960 to 2024.

Inflation Rate in France remained unchanged at 1 percent in July. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - France Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The USA: Inflation: percent change in the Consumer Price Index: The latest value from 2024 is 2.9 percent, a decline from 4.1 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 6.0 percent, based on data from 155 countries. Historically, the average for the USA from 1960 to 2024 is 3.8 percent. The minimum value, -0.4 percent, was reached in 2009 while the maximum of 13.5 percent was recorded in 1980.

The UK inflation rate was 3.6 percent in June 2025, up from 3.4 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since January 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent, respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

Inflation rates of Red Sea sank by 44.08% from 15 index, 2007=100 in 2008 to 9 index, 2007=100 in 2009. Since the 44.08% slump in 2009, inflation rates remained stable by 0.00% in 2009.

Japan: Inflation: percent change in the Consumer Price Index: The latest value from 2024 is 2.7 percent, a decline from 3.3 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 6.0 percent, based on data from 155 countries. Historically, the average for Japan from 1960 to 2024 is 2.9 percent. The minimum value, -1.4 percent, was reached in 2009 while the maximum of 23.2 percent was recorded in 1974.

Inflation Rate in Mozambique decreased to 3.96 percent in July from 4.15 percent in June of 2025. This dataset provides - Mozambique Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation rates of Gezira sank by 51.57% from 16 index, 2007=100 in 2008 to 8 index, 2007=100 in 2009. Since the 51.57% slump in 2009, inflation rates remained stable by 0.00% in 2009.

Historical dataset showing South Sudan inflation rate by year from 2009 to 2023.