Inflation Rate in the United States increased to 2.40 percent in May from 2.30 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Core consumer prices in the United States increased 2.80 percent in May of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - United States Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In January 2025, prices had increased by three percent compared to January 2024 according to the 12-month percentage change in the consumer price index — the monthly inflation rate for goods and services in the United States. The data represents U.S. city averages. In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. A projection of the annual U.S. inflation rate can be accessed here and the actual annual inflation rate since 1990 can be accessed here. InflationOne of the most important economic indicators is the development of the Consumer Price Index in a country. The change in this price level of goods and services is defined as the rate of inflation. The inflationary situation in the United States had been relatively severe in 2022 due to global events relating to COVID-19, supply chain restrains, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More information on U.S. inflation may be found on our dedicated topic page. The annual inflation rate in the United States has increased from 3.2 percent in 2011 to 8.3 percent in 2022. This means that the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar has weakened in recent years. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. According to the data published by the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) was about 258.84 in 2020 and is forecasted to grow up to 325.6 by 2027, compared to the base period from 1982 to 1984. The monthly percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for urban consumers in the United States was 0.1 percent in March 2023 compared to the previous month. In 2022, countries all around the world are experienced high levels of inflation. Although Brazil already had an inflation rate of 8.3 percent in 2021, compared to the previous year, while the inflation rate in China stood at 0.85 percent.

The UK inflation rate was 3.4 percent in May 2025, down from 3.5 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since February 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

This data package contains underlying data to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables in Low Inflation Bends the Phillips Curve around the World: Extended Results, PIIE Working Paper 21-15.

If you use the data, please cite as: Forbes, Kristin, Joseph E. Gagnon, and Christopher G. Collins, Low Inflation Bends the Phillips Curve around the World: Extended Results, PIIE Working Paper 21-15, September 2021, Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Inflation Rate in India decreased to 2.82 percent in May from 3.16 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - India Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The rate at which prices for goods and services are generally rising and, as a result, currency's purchasing power is declining is known as inflation. Central banks attempt to limit inflation—and avoid deflation—in order to keep the economy running smoothly. Each unit of currency may purchase fewer products and services as prices rise. This results in a reduction in the actual value of money, a process that impacts every level of the economy, from consumers to governments. The percentage change in the cost of a basket of goods and services over a certain time period, often a year, is measured by the inflation rate. It’s a key metric for assessing the health of an economy, showing how much more expensive everyday goods and services have become. The change in the average price level of a basket of goods and services over a year is represented by the inflation rate average consumer prices (annual per cent change). It’s calculated by taking the average of prices across all months of a given year compared to the previous year. This metric is determined by averaging monthly price data and comparing it to the average of the previous year. It provides a broader view of inflation trends across a longer time frame, smoothing out any short-term volatility. The Inflation rate, end of period consumer prices (annual per cent change) reflects the price level change from the end of one period (typically December) to the end of the next period (the following December). Instead of taking an average, this rate focuses on the price level at a specific point in time, providing a snapshot of inflation. It’s calculated by comparing the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of the final month of the year with the CPI of the last month of the previous year.

(GMM) Estimation Results of the inflation dynamics for the United States.

Introduction

Inflation Statistics: Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. It's measured using indices like the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producer Price Index (PPI). Inflation can result from increased production costs, higher demand for products and services, or expansionary monetary policies.

Central banks, like the Federal Reserve in the U.S., manage inflation through monetary policy, aiming to keep inflation at a moderate and stable level. Inflation impacts economies by influencing interest rates, wages, and overall economic growth.

An article by Chan et al. (2013) published in the Journal of Business and Economic Statistics introduces a new model for trend inflation. They allow the trend inflation to evolve according to a bounded random walk. In order to draw the latent states from their respective conditional posteriors, they use accept-reject Metropolis-Hastings procedures. We reproduce their results using particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC), which approaches drawing the latent states from a different technical point of view by relying on combining Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods. To conclude: we are able to reproduce the results of Chan et al. (2013).

In August 2024, the global consumer price index, excluding the United States, stood at *****, compared to ***** for the U.S. The data for the world and emerging economies are distorted by hyperinflation in Venezuela and may not accurately reflect the inflation rate of other countries. However, Russia's war in Ukraine caused a surge in prices globally through 2022 and 2023. The headline consumer price index tracks the changes in the price level of a basket of goods and services purchased by households. Economic challenges in Argentina While CPI increases have been significant globally, certain economies have experienced more dramatic increases than others. Argentina is a notable case of these increases, as the CPI has increased more than *** percent between 2020 and 2023. Currently, most of the Argentinian public considers inflation and low wages to be the biggest challenges facing the country. Consumer responses to price increases Globally, consumers are coping with price increases in many ways. In a May 2023 survey, ** percent respondents from over 14 countries indicated they were more conscious about prices than previously. In another survey from earlier that year, over ** percent of respondents indicated they were most concerned about inflation and had changed their consumption habits as a result.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to evaluate the performance of the monetary policy of inflation targeting regime in the Latin America countries from 2001 to 2014, with monthly data. For this purpose, a VEC model (vector error correction) is applied to running data to analyze the long-term function and the impulse response function. The results pointed out that the adoption of the target system has contributed to reduce the inflation rate and its volatility and the fluctuations in the rate of growth in activity level. The estimated parameters of the long-term speed of adjustment of the price index have indicated strong reaction by the monetary authorities to change inflation rate via short-term interest rate. These adjustments are also noted in the level of activity and the exchange rate for most countries, but with less level of speed. The impulse response function confirmed these results. Therefore, the monetary policy was effective to control inflation, especially in Peru, Colombia and Chile. In Brazil and Mexico, the effectiveness of monetary policy has only been observed more recently.

Using the statistical technique of fuzzy clustering, regimes of inflation and unemployment are explored for the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany between 1871 and 2009. We identify for each country three distinct regimes in inflation/unemployment space. There is considerable similarity across the countries in both the regimes themselves and in the timings of the transitions between regimes. However, the typical rates of inflation and unemployment experienced in the regimes are substantially different. Further, even within a given regime, the results of the clustering show persistent fluctuations in the degree of attachment to that regime of inflation/unemployment observations over time. The economic implications of the results are that, first, the inflation/unemployment relationship experiences from time to time major shifts. Second, that it is also inherently unstable even in the short run. It is likely that the factors which govern the inflation/unemployment trade off are so multi-dimensional that it is hard to see that there is a way of identifying periods of short run Phillips curves which can be assigned to particular historical periods with any degree of accuracy or predictability. The short run may be so short as to be meaningless. The analysis shows that reliance on any kind of trade off between inflation and unemployment for policy purposes is entirely misplaced.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

This replication folder provides all data and codes necessary to replicate all results of the paper Household Inflation Heterogeneity and the Relative Price Elasticity Channel of Monetary Policy. In this paper, we show that considerable differences in inflation rates exist among households in the United States. Against this background, we theoretically show that a central bank that considers household inflation heterogeneity can stabilize overall inflation more effectively. Using a tractable, multi-sector New Keynesian model with a low- and a high-income household, we show that a central bank that reacts to the inflation rate of the household less affected by price changes can achieve lower deviations of all households' inflation rates from their steady states. The reason is that a weaker central bank reaction dampens an adverse relative price elasticity channel of monetary policy, allowing for more favorable relative price adjustments. The strength of this channel depends on household heterogeneity.

This data-set cited sources that helped assess the interrelationship between savings, spending, and inflation expectations among undergraduate students. It was directed towards discovering the difficulties students may face with their finances because of inflation. A web-based survey was administered to 315 undergraduate students in Nigeria. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequency. The results revealed inflation expectations had a significant negative impact on the spending habits of students. The results further revealed that individual savings attitudes were reduced with an increase in inflation, but overall savings did not.

Inflation Expectations in the United States decreased to 3 percent in June from 3.20 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Consumer Inflation Expectations- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This repository contains the data and codes necessary to replicate the results obtained in the study “Inflation Expectations Measurement and its Effect on Inflation Dynamics in Colombia”.

ABSTRACT In this article we present some estimates for the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU) using Brazilian Data. Two different models, Nishizaki (1997) and Debelle and Laxton (1997), are used. The NAIRU is estimated using both the IBGE and DIEESE data. The results show a linear Phillips curve for Brazil and allow a good estimate of the NAIRU. For the IBGE data we obtain a time varying NAIRU while for the DIEESE data best estimate generates a fixed NAIRU. Our results are in line with the acceleration of inflation during the eighties and the price stability that follow the Real Plan.

We develop and estimate an open economy New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) in which variable demand elasticities give rise to movements in desired markups in response to changes in competitive pressure from abroad. A parametric restriction yields the standard NKPC under constant elasticity and no role for foreign competition to influence domestic inflation. Foreign competition plays an important role in accounting for the behavior of traded goods price inflation. Foreign competition accounted for more than half of a 4 percentage point decline in domestic goods price inflation in the 1990s. Our results also provide evidence against demand curves with a constant elasticity. (JEL E12, E22, E31, F14, F41)