During the period beginning roughly in the mid-1980s until the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008), the U.S. economy experienced a time of relative economic calm, with low inflation and consistent GDP growth. Compared with the turbulent economic era which had preceded it in the 1970s and the early 1980s, the lack of extreme fluctuations in the business cycle led some commentators to suggest that macroeconomic issues such as high inflation, long-term unemployment and financial crises were a thing of the past. Indeed, the President of the American Economic Association, Professor Robert Lucas, famously proclaimed in 2003 that "central problem of depression prevention has been solved, for all practical purposes". Ben Bernanke, the future chairman of the Federal Reserve during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and 2022 Nobel Prize in Economics recipient, coined the term 'the Great Moderation' to describe this era of newfound economic confidence. The era came to an abrupt end with the outbreak of the GFC in the Summer of 2007, as the U.S. financial system began to crash due to a downturn in the real estate market.

Causes of the Great Moderation, and its downfall

A number of factors have been cited as contributing to the Great Moderation including central bank monetary policies, the shift from manufacturing to services in the economy, improvements in information technology and management practices, as well as reduced energy prices. The period coincided with the term of Fed chairman Alan Greenspan (1987-2006), famous for the 'Greenspan put', a policy which meant that the Fed would proactively address downturns in the stock market using its monetary policy tools. These economic factors came to prominence at the same time as the end of the Cold War (1947-1991), with the U.S. attaining a new level of hegemony in global politics, as its main geopolitical rival, the Soviet Union, no longer existed. During the Great Moderation, the U.S. experienced a recession twice, between July 1990 and March 1991, and again from March 2001 tom November 2001, however, these relatively short recessions did not knock the U.S. off its growth path. The build up of household and corporate debt over the early 2000s eventually led to the Global Financial Crisis, as the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble in 2007 reverberated across the financial system, with a subsequent credit freeze and mass defaults.

Core consumer prices in Thailand increased 1.06 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Thailand Core Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation, monthly percent change in the CPI in Bolivia, April, 2025 The most recent value is 0.9 percent as of April 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 1.71 percent. Historically, the average for Bolivia from February 1967 to April 2025 is 2.61 percent. The minimum of -5.57 percent was recorded in March 1967, while the maximum of 182.61 percent was reached in February 1985. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

As shown in this statistic, the annual inflation rate of end of period consumer prices of Venezuela is approximately 254.35 percent in 2025.Fluctuating rise between 1985 and 2025A total increase by approximately 245.23 percentage points can be observed between 1985 and 2025. The data emphasizes however that this increase did not happen continuously.Continuous decline between 2025 and 2026The rate will be around 218.22 percent in 2026, according to forecasts. There is an overall decrease by approximately 36.13 percentage points since 2025. This decrease reflects a consistent falling trend.The International Monetary Fund describes this indicator as a measure of inflation based upon the year on year change in the end of period consumer price index. Said index measure is based upon the cost of a typical basket of goods and services at the end of a given time period. Typically a reference year exists for which a value of 100 had been assigned.

In 2024, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for education in South Korea was 106.01 points, showing an increase compared to the base year of 2020. Over the past few decades, the CPI for the education sector in South Korea has steadily increased.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for Aruba (FPCPITOTLZGABW) from 1985 to 2019 about Aruba, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, and price.

Aruba: Inflation: percent change in the Consumer Price Index: The latest value from 2019 is 4.3 percent, an increase from 3.6 percent in 2018. In comparison, the world average is 5.0 percent, based on data from 176 countries. Historically, the average for Aruba from 1985 to 2019 is 3 percent. The minimum value, -2.4 percent, was reached in 2013 while the maximum of 9 percent was recorded in 2008.

Inflation Rate in Israel increased to 3.30 percent in June from 3.10 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Israel Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Miscellaneous Products: Candles (WPU159A01) from Dec 1985 to Jun 2025 about miscellaneous, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

In 2024, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for health products in South Korea was 104.34 points, showing an increase compared to 2020, which serves as the base year for this index. Over the past few decades, the CPI for health products in South Korea has steadily increased.

The annual end-of-period inflation rate of Venezuela was estimated at approximately 47.17 percent in 2024. Between 1985 and 2024, the rate rose by around 38.05 percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. From 2024 to 2026, the rate will increase by about 171.05 percentage points.The International Monetary Fund describes this indicator as a measure of inflation based upon the year-on-year percent change in the end-of-period consumer price index (CPI). The said index measure is based upon the cost of a typical basket of goods and services at the end of a given time period.

Core consumer prices in Taiwan increased 1.47 percent in June of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Taiwan Core Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Colombia Inflation Rate: Bogota data was reported at 0.270 % in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.110 % for Nov 2018. Colombia Inflation Rate: Bogota data is updated monthly, averaging 0.855 % from Jan 1979 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 480 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.710 % in May 1985 and a record low of -1.620 % in Jul 1985. Colombia Inflation Rate: Bogota data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Administrative Department of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.I002: Consumer Price Index: Inflation Rate.

United States CSI: Expected Inflation: Next Yr: Don't How Much data was reported at 5.000 % in May 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.000 % for Apr 2018. United States CSI: Expected Inflation: Next Yr: Don't How Much data is updated monthly, averaging 7.000 % from Jan 1978 (Median) to May 2018, with 485 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.000 % in Dec 1978 and a record low of 2.000 % in Aug 1985. United States CSI: Expected Inflation: Next Yr: Don't How Much data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by University of Michigan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.H030: Consumer Sentiment Index: Unemployment, Interest Rates, Prices and Government Expectations. The questions were: 'During the next 12 months, do you think that prices in general will go up, or go down, or stay where they are now?' and 'By what percent do you expect prices to go up, on the average, during the next 12 months?'

Nigeria inflation rate for 2023 was 24.66%, a 5.81% increase from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Nigeria inflation rate for 2022 was <strong>18.85%</strong>, a <strong>1.89% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>Nigeria inflation rate for 2021 was <strong>16.95%</strong>, a <strong>3.71% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>Nigeria inflation rate for 2020 was <strong>13.25%</strong>, a <strong>1.85% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: Services Less Rent of Shelter in U.S. City Average (CWSR0000SASL2RS) from Jan 1985 to Jun 2025 about clerical workers, shelter, rent, urban, wages, services, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Laos LA: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data was reported at 1.852 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.023 % for 2016. Laos LA: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data is updated yearly, averaging 10.690 % from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2017, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 127.974 % in 1999 and a record low of -2.932 % in 2009. Laos LA: Inflation:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Laos – Table LA.World Bank.WDI: Inflation. Inflation as measured by the annual growth rate of the GDP implicit deflator shows the rate of price change in the economy as a whole. The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Median;

The Consumer Price Index in Sri Lanka increased 0.90 percent in June of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sri Lanka Inflation Rate MoM - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation, monthly percent change in the CPI in Israel, June, 2025 The most recent value is 0.29 percent as of June 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of -0.29 percent. Historically, the average for Israel from February 1960 to June 2025 is 1.56 percent. The minimum of -7.58 percent was recorded in January 2001, while the maximum of 27.49 percent was reached in July 1985. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Services Less Rent of Shelter in U.S. City Average (CUSR0000SASL2RS) from Jan 1985 to Jun 2025 about shelter, rent, urban, consumer, services, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.