This scatter chart displays armed forces personnel (people) against inflation (annual %) in Europe. The data is about countries.

Analyze the 60% spike in cloud startup valuations in 2021. Data reveals 11% annual growth over 10 years in Series A rounds. Key trends for founders & VCs.

This dataset is about countries per year in Czech Republic. It has 64 rows. It features 4 columns: country, inflation, and armed forces personnel.

Use of ggplot in order to see how Armed Forces Pay has tracked against Inflation in the UK, since 1991.

Data sourced directly from the Armed Forces Pay Review Body and Hansard.

2 CSVs as input - Inflation and Increases by month, Government by start and end date.

1 .png of plot as output.

This dataset is about countries per year in Japan. It has 64 rows. It features 4 columns: country, inflation, and armed forces personnel.

The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

This scatter chart displays inflation (annual %) against armed forces personnel (people) in Southern Asia. The data is about countries.

Will inflation quickly return to the FOMC’s target of 2 percent? I explore this question through the lens of the Verbrugge and Zaman (2023) model—the VZ model—a structural model whose forecasts are competitive with hard-to-beat forecasting models. The time it takes to get to the target depends on the persistence of inflation, and theory gives mixed signals about whether inflation persistence is currently high or low. The VZ model distinguishes between two sources of inflation persistence, extrinsic and intrinsic, and implies that inflation has high intrinsic persistence. If the extrinsic forces that have lately been pushing down inflation, notably, the resolution of supply chain issues, have run their course, then the last half mile could take several years.

ABSTRACT This paper develops a model in which the distributive conflict between capital and labor is the driving force which generates inflationary pressures in a market economy. In the model the rate of inflation is a function of the capacity of firms to pass increases in costs to prices and of the relative power of workers and employees associations in the process of collective bargaining. One of the main results of this analytical framework is that the structure of the capital/labor relations in a country, the process of collective bargaining and the structure of unions organizations are important determinants of inflationary pressures. As a result, institutional reforms which promote cooperation on capital/labor relations are of great importance in stabilization policies, if the social costs of stabilization are to be minimized.

Context

The Federal Reserve sets interest rates to promote conditions that achieve the mandate set by the Congress — high employment, low and stable inflation, sustainable economic growth, and moderate long-term interest rates. Interest rates set by the Fed directly influence the cost of borrowing money. Lower interest rates encourage more people to obtain a mortgage for a new home or to borrow money for an automobile or for home improvement. Lower rates encourage businesses to borrow funds to invest in expansion such as purchasing new equipment, updating plants, or hiring more workers. Higher interest rates restrain such borrowing by consumers and businesses.

Content

This dataset includes data on the economic conditions in the United States on a monthly basis since 1954. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate. The effective federal funds rate is determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate; the target rate transitioned to a target range with an upper and lower limit in December 2008. The real gross domestic product is calculated as the seasonally adjusted quarterly rate of change in the gross domestic product based on chained 2009 dollars. The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed as a seasonally adjusted percentage of the labor force. The inflation rate reflects the monthly change in the Consumer Price Index of products excluding food and energy.

Acknowledgements

The interest rate data was published by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' economic data portal. The gross domestic product data was provided by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis; the unemployment and consumer price index data was provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Inspiration

How does economic growth, unemployment, and inflation impact the Federal Reserve's interest rates decisions? How has the interest rate policy changed over time? Can you predict the Federal Reserve's next decision? Will the target range set in March 2017 be increased, decreased, or remain the same?

• The global industry was valued at US$ 537.7 Mn in 2022
• It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% from 2023 to 2031 and reach more than US$ 851.8 Mn by the end of 2031

Global Inflation Devices Market Snapshot

Attribute	Detail
Market Value in 2022	US$ 537.7 Mn
Forecast (Value) in 2031	US$ 851.8 Mn
Growth Rate (CAGR)	5.2%
Forecast Period	2023-2031
Historical Data Available for	2017-2021
Quantitative Units	US$ Mn for Value
Market Analysis	It provides segment analysis as well as regional level analysis. Furthermore, qualitative analysis includes drivers, restraints, opportunities, key trends, Porter’s Five Forces analysis, value chain analysis, and key trend analysis.
Competition Landscape	Market share analysis by company (2022) Company profiles section includes overview, product portfolio, sales footprint, key subsidiaries or distributors, strategy & recent developments, and key financials
Format	Electronic (PDF) + Excel
Market Segmentation	Display Type Analog Inflation Devices Digital Inflation Devices Pressure Capacity 20 ml Inflation Devices 30 ml Inflation Devices 60 ml Inflation Devices Function Balloon Angioplasty Arterial Stent Placement Endoscopy Others Application Coronary Interventions Urology Gastroenterology Peripheral Interventions Others End-user Hospitals Specialty Clinics Ambulatory Surgery Centers
Regions Covered	North America Latin America Europe Asia Pacific Middle East & Africa
Countries Covered	U.S. Canada Germany U.K. France Italy Spain China India Japan Australia & New Zealand Brazil Mexico South Africa GCC Countries
Companies Profiled	Atrion Medical BD Lepu Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Merit Medical Systems Translumina Advin Health Care Dolphin Life Science India LLP Boston Scientific Corporation Acclarent, Inc. (Johnson & Johnson MedTech) B. Braun Interventional Systems Inc. CONMED Corporation Cook Medical
Customization Scope	Available upon request
Pricing	Available upon request

Poland's inflation rate has shown significant fluctuations recently, with the country experiencing both periods of high inflation and deflation. In September 2025, consumer prices increased by *** percent compared to the previous year, marking a notable decline from the peak of **** percent recorded in February 2023. Food and beverage prices drive inflation Food and non-alcoholic beverages have contributed to Poland's inflation, with prices in this category reaching a staggering **** percent increase in March 2023. Although the rate has since decreased, it remained at *** percent in September 2024, indicating ongoing pressure on consumer budgets. Similarly, alcoholic beverages experienced significant price hikes, peaking at **** percent in March 2023 before settling at *** percent in February 2024. These persistent increases in essential goods have substantially impacted the overall inflation rate. Varied impact across sectors While food and beverages have seen consistent price increases, other sectors have experienced more volatile trends. Clothing and footwear, for instance, went through a period of deflation from January 2019 to April 2021, with prices declining by as much as **** percent in May 2020. However, this sector also saw a sharp reversal, with inflation peaking at *** percent in March 2023. Liquid fuel prices demonstrated even more dramatic swings, soaring to an astonishing ***** percent increase in June 2022. As of January 2025, housing-related costs, including utilities, have emerged as the leading inflationary force, rising by nearly **** percent year-over-year and significantly influencing the overall inflation rate.

This scatter chart displays inflation (annual %) against armed forces personnel (people) in Denmark. The data is about countries per year.

In 2018, the average inflation rate in Egypt amounted to about 20.85 percent, a slight decrease compared to the previous year, when it peaked at 23.53 percent. Political unrestEgypt has been shaken by political unrest and turmoil for years now, and these events affect the economy as well. On January 25, 2011, Egyptians started protesting police brutality under then-president Hosni Mubarak, demanding an end to his reign. The protests were met with violence by armed forces, resulting in more unrest and looting. In the end, hundreds of Egyptians had lost their lives and over 6,000 were injured. After Mubarak’s subsequent resignation and the Muslim Brotherhood taking power in the country, Mohamed Morsi was elected President in 2012. He also was overthrown a year later after protests and was imprisoned. The current President, Abdel Fattah es-Sisi, was involved in overthrowing Morsi and took office in June 2014. Sisi introduced a number of economic reforms, but they did not succeed in stabilizing Egypt’s economy. Economic unrest 2017 saw the Egyptian inflation rate skyrocket from 10.2 percent in 2016 to more than double that at 23.5 percent. Ever since, inflation has recovered only slowly, although projections today see it levelling off below ten percent in the future. Around the same year, Egypt’s GDP dropped to below 240 billion U.S. dollars, a historical low. Unemployment, another key indicator, has steadily been between 12 to 13 percent - one reason for this is Egypt’s reliance on agriculture, which does not factor into the unemployment rate. National debt has also increased dramatically over the last few years. All in all, the times of economic unrest are not yet over.

Zimbabwe had the highest inflation in Africa as of 2023. The rate reached roughly 172 percent when compared to the previous year, according to the source's estimates. This was followed by Sudan, with a rate increase of over 71 percent. Inflationary pressures in the country have been driven by a long-running economic crisis and political instability. By the end of 2021, the already fragile Sudanese economy suffered again when military forces took control of the government. With a

In September 2025, the prices of consumer goods and services in Poland increased compared to last year. Food and non-alcoholic beverages prices increased the most, by *** percent year over year.

This dataset is about countries per year in The Gambia. It has 64 rows. It features 4 columns: country, inflation, and armed forces personnel.

The interest rate set by the Federal Reserve is a crucial tool for promoting economic conditions that meet the mandate established by the United States Congress, which includes high employment, low and stable inflation, sustainable economic growth, and the moderation of long-term interest rates. The interest rates determined by the Fed directly influence the cost of credit, making financing either more accessible or more restrictive. When interest rates are low, there is a greater incentive for consumers to purchase homes through mortgages, finance automobiles, or undertake home renovations. Additionally, businesses are encouraged to invest in expanding their operations, whether by purchasing new equipment, modernizing facilities, or hiring more workers. Conversely, higher interest rates tend to curb such activity, discouraging borrowing and slowing economic expansion.

The dataset analyzed contains information on the economic conditions in the United States on a monthly basis since 1954, including the federal funds rate, which represents the percentage at which financial institutions trade reserves held at the Federal Reserve with each other in the interbank market overnight. This rate is determined by the market but is directly influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the established target. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds rate target, which has been defined within a range with upper and lower limits since December 2008.

Furthermore, real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is calculated based on the seasonally adjusted quarterly rate of change in the economy, using chained 2009 dollars as a reference. The unemployment rate represents the seasonally adjusted percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. Meanwhile, the inflation rate is determined by the monthly change in the Consumer Price Index, excluding food and energy prices for a more stable analysis of core inflation.

The interest rate data was sourced from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' economic data portal, while GDP information was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and unemployment and inflation data were made available by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The analysis of this data helps to understand how economic growth, the unemployment rate, and inflation influence the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy decisions. Additionally, it allows for a study of the evolution of interest rate policies over time and raises the question of how predictable the Fed’s future decisions may be. Based on observed trends, it is possible to speculate whether the target range set in March 2017 will be maintained, lowered, or increased, considering the prevailing economic context and the challenges faced in conducting U.S. monetary policy.

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The Employment Cost Index is based on figures from December 2005. In the second quarter of 2025, the ECI came to 171.4, indicating an increase of labor costs of 0.9 percent.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to perform an analysis of monetary policy in Brazil, using a Markov Chain Autoregressive Vector (MS-VAR) model, in the search for evidence of non-linearity in the relationship between exchange and prices in Brazil. The analysis showed that in periods of exchange appreciation, both on the demand side and the supply side, there is a set of forces that determine a downward trajectory for price levels, suggesting that the exchange rate plays a fundamental role in the control of inflation. However, there is a need to reassess the role of the exchange rate in Brazil.