U.S. inflation rate for 2023 was 4.13%, a 3.88% decline from 2022.

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<li>U.S. inflation rate for 2022 was <strong>8.00%</strong>, a <strong>3.3% increase</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>U.S. inflation rate for 2021 was <strong>4.70%</strong>, a <strong>3.46% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>U.S. inflation rate for 2020 was <strong>1.23%</strong>, a <strong>0.58% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.

One United States dollar was worth over ****** Indonesian rupiah in May 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SA0R) from Jan 1913 to May 2025 about urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The Consumer Price Index in the United States increased 0.10 percent in May of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

Inflation in Jamaica dropped to about 3.91 percent in 2019, meaning that a group of goods that cost 100 Jamaican dollars in 2019 would cost 103.91 Jamaican dollars in 2020. This rate dropped from 4.38 percent in 2017 and was forecast to stay around 5 percent in the medium term.

Inflation and growth

After adjusting for inflation, the growth rate in Jamaica’s economy has been relatively slow over the past few years. This is an issue for the island because its gross domestic product per capita indicates a moderate level of development. This suggests that the people would benefit from a higher level of growth. Developmental economists often call this “catch-up” growth, a period of relatively rapid growth that occurs because the economy develops to the level of other countries that have fully realized their economic potential under modern levels of technology and trade.

Effects of inflation

Inflation is often associated with a corresponding increase in unemployment. In developed economies, central bankers worry about the tradeoff between higher inflation and higher unemployment. For Jamaica, more inflation may be the lesser of two evils. Since the Jamaican dollar is not pegged to any other currency, inflation also weakens the currency. For a country so heavily reliant on foreign currencies through tourism, this actually makes Jamaica a more attractive destination because tourists’ U.S. dollars or euros are worth more in relative terms.

Core Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Hong Kong Dollar data was reported at 1.135 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 1.135 % for 05 May 2025. Core Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Hong Kong Dollar data is updated weekly, averaging 0.541 % from Jan 2018 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 384 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.923 % in 19 Oct 2020 and a record low of 0.000 % in 07 Apr 2025. Core Inflation Nowcast: sa: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Hong Kong Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Core.

Inflation in Zimbabwe rose to 10.61 percent in 2018, and is projected to jump dramatically to 736.11 percent in 2024. After that, estimates predict a slow decline for now - however, given Zimbabwe’s history of poor monetary policy, including one of the worst instances of hyperinflation, this seems unrealistic. Inflation history Inflation depends significantly on economic expectations of it, making it hard to reduce inflation once it has hit higher levels. This happened in Zimbabwe in the years approaching 2008, at the end of which a single U.S. dollar was worth over 2.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars, up from 10,000 Zimbabwe dollars at the start of 2005. This all but destroyed Zimbabwe’s economy, leading to very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and a government struggling to finance itself. The way ahead In 2009, the Zimbabwean dollar had twelve zeros slashed from the banknotes. This was not enough, and after three decades of rule, former Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe was removed from power at the end of 2017. Citizens of the country are trying to hold foreign banknotes; they prefer U.S. dollars or euros, but the South African rand is more common. However, the rand’s performance against other currencies has been lackluster in recent years. This underscores the struggle that the Zimbabwean people have to find a stable currency at the moment.

Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Australian Dollar data was reported at 0.000 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 05 May 2025. Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Australian Dollar data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 % from Jan 2019 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 332 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 71.225 % in 08 Jan 2024 and a record low of 0.000 % in 12 May 2025. Canada Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Daily Average: Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Headline.

Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Indonesia: Spot: US Dollar data was reported at 1.943 % in 12 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.180 % for 05 May 2025. Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Indonesia: Spot: US Dollar data is updated weekly, averaging 1.697 % from Jun 2020 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 259 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.026 % in 24 Jan 2022 and a record low of 0.000 % in 22 Jul 2024. Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Indonesia: Spot: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Headline.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average (CWUR0000SA0R) from Jan 1913 to May 2025 about clerical workers, urban, wages, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Inflation Rate in Canada remained unchanged at 1.70 percent in May. This dataset provides - Canada Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2021 2022 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS) - DP03 Universe - Total households Survey-Program - American Community Survey 5-year estimates Years - 2020, 2021, 2022 Total income is the sum of the amounts reported separately for wage or salary income; net self-employment income; interest, dividends, or net rental or royalty income or income from estates and trusts; Social Security or Railroad Retirement income; Supplemental Security Income (SSI); public assistance or welfare payments; retirement, survivor, or disability pensions; and all other income. Receipts from the following sources are not included as income: capital gains, money received from the sale of property (unless the recipient was engaged in the business of selling such property); the value of income “in kind” from food stamps, public housing subsidies, medical care, employer contributions for individuals, etc.; withdrawal of bank deposits; money borrowed; tax refunds; exchange of money between relatives living in the same household; gifts and lump-sum inheritances, insurance payments, and other types of lump sum receipts.

In 2023, the average exchange rate from U.S. dollars to Indonesian rupiah amounted to approximately 15,416, meaning that one U.S. dollar could buy 15,416 Indonesian rupiah. During the surveyed period, the Indonesian rupiah exchange rate against the U.S. dollar fluctuated and tended to depreciate. Inflation in Indonesia Indonesia's inflation rate has risen in the past few months due to rising food prices and airfares. The annual inflation rate in June 2022 was the highest in the past few years. This value finally passed Indonesia's central bank's inflation target range for that year, between two and four percent. However, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia war, the inflation rate increase in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to other countries, showing a strong economy. Balance of trade in Indonesia Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Indonesia has seen growth in trade, particularly for coal, palm oil, and minerals. Coal exports were briefly prohibited at the beginning of the year to secure domestic supplies, but they quickly resumed and reached record highs in March 2022. With this rising trade and steady development, Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, is also expected to attract more foreign investment, lowering inflation and increasing the country's currency exchange rate.

As of August 1, 2023, one U.S. dollar could buy 21,021.7 Sierra Leonean leones (SLL), the highest exchange rate among the African currencies. Furthermore, one U.S. dollar corresponded to 758.9 Nigerian naira (NGN), 30.85 Egyptian pounds (EGP), 18.03 South African rand (ZAR), and 9.86 Moroccan dirhams (MAD) as of the same date.

Exchange rates and inflation: a case study of West African countries

Exchange rates can affect a country's inflation rate and the purchasing power of its currency. If a country's currency depreciates significantly, it can lead to higher inflation as the cost of imported goods and services increases. Indeed, the inflation rate in Sierra Leone increased steeply over the past two years. The IMF further estimates that inflation will continue to rise before falling again. This high inflation and other factors also led to the depreciation of the SLL. Furthermore, a regional perspective showed that Nigeria and Liberia faced similar high inflation rates.

Businesses' strategies for tackling inflation

Unfavorable exchange rates negatively impact countries' economies. It does this in various ways, including limiting businesses' ability to grow. Issues such as inflation affect purchasing power and businesses' investment decisions. In 2023, a survey revealed that a substantial number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) employed various measures to offset the impact of inflation. Approximately 36 percent of these businesses tapped into their personal savings to bolster their operations, while another 32 percent opted to scale down their business activities.

Inflation Rate in Egypt increased to 16.80 percent in May from 13.90 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Egypt Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Rate in Indonesia increased to 1.87 percent in June from 1.60 percent in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Indonesia Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Indonesia: Spot: Canada Dollar data was reported at 1.026 % in 12 May 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 % for 05 May 2025. Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Indonesia: Spot: Canada Dollar data is updated weekly, averaging 0.782 % from Jun 2020 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 259 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.246 % in 30 Oct 2023 and a record low of 0.000 % in 05 May 2025. Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Foreign Exchange Rates: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Indonesia: Spot: Canada Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Headline.

The statistic depicts the average inflation rate in Mexico from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The inflation rate measures price changes for a fixed basket of goods which includes a representative selection of goods and services. In 2024, Mexico's average inflation rate was around 4.72 percent compared to the previous year. Mexico’s economy Mexico’s gross domestic product (GDP) has been increasing slightly over the last decade, however, its national debt still amounts to almost half of its GDP. The majority of Mexico’s GDP is yielded by the services sector, as a look at the distribution of gross domestic product in Mexico by sector shows. More than 60 percent of GDP are generated in this sector; the majority of the Mexican workforce is employed in services. One important contributor to Mexico’s GDP is tourism. The total unemployment rate in Mexico took a turn for the worse during the recession of 2008 and is still to bounce back to previous levels. Mexico’s main export and import partner is the United States which accounts for approximately half of the value of both. Thus, the trade balance of goods in Mexico, showing the value of exports minus the value of imports, is heavily dependant on the United States. For the past decade, Mexico’s trade balance has run at a deficit of more than 10 billion US dollars. The trade balance of services sector in Mexico has also been in the red with a deficit of more than 6 percent since the recession and higher than 9 percent since 2011. Mexico is also one of the largest drug exporting countries worldwide. Specific trade figures are not available, however, Mexico is among the top countries for opium cultivation based on acreage, and thousands of illegal poppy fields, processed into opium, have been destroyed in Mexico year after year.

ABSTRACT Food prices play a major role in setting inflation rates, and in recent years’ global climatic conditions has worsened a lot while global demand is increasing due to the growth of the middle class in countries such as China and India. Rising food prices remains a key concern for the government of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia remains vulnerable to increases in food prices due to its high dependence on imports. The Saudi economy is an open-market based economy which is reflected by data of foreign trade with trading partners of the Kingdom. High degree of economic openness of a country causes the domestic inflation rate to be affected by change in the prices of goods in the country of origin. Saudi government is facing the challenge of limiting inflation amid a spike in global food prices. Another major challenge to the effectiveness of the Saudi monetary policy is the lack of autonomy due to the pegged exchange rate system with the US dollar. This paper attempts to study the market dynamics of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, drivers responsible for inflation and measures that has been taken by the government to deal with the situation.