The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

Historical dataset of the daily level of the federal funds rate back to 1954. The fed funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight, on an uncollateralized basis. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate.

In 2017, the Bank of Jamaica set the base interest rate at 4.52 percent, down from 5.1 percent a year earlier. Monetary policy rate, also known as base interest rate or base rate, is a percentage defined by central banks to determine the cost of credit in a given economy. This indicator serves as a guide for other financial institutions to set their own interest rates.

The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. The first rate cut in 2025 then set the rate at 4.33 percent. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Venezuela is one of the Latin American countries with the highest monetary policy rates. Monetary policy rate, also known as base interest rate or base rate, is a percentage defined by central banks to determine the cost of credit in a given economy. This indicator serves as a guide for other financial institutions to set their own interest rates. Between 2010 and 2017, Venezuela's monetary policy rate has remained fairly stable, ranging between 6.18 percent (2015) and 6.5 percent (2016). In 2017, the latest year with available data, the Central bank of Venezuela set the base rate at 6.37 percent.

The benchmark interest rate in Thailand was last recorded at 2 percent. This dataset provides - Thailand Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Mexico MX: Real Interest Rate data was reported at 1.137 % pa in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.627 % pa for 2016. Mexico MX: Real Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.566 % pa from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2017, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.142 % pa in 1995 and a record low of -13.174 % pa in 1993. Mexico MX: Real Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank data on the GDP deflator.; ;

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-03-20 about 15-year, fixed, mortgage, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Egypt EG: Real Interest Rate data was reported at -3.870 % pa in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.922 % pa for 2016. Egypt EG: Real Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.945 % pa from Dec 1976 (Median) to 2017, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.650 % pa in 1981 and a record low of -11.289 % pa in 1987. Egypt EG: Real Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Egypt – Table EG.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank data on the GDP deflator.; ;

Real interest rate (%) in Venezuela was reported at --5.7251 % in 2017, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Venezuela - Real interest rate - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

Saint Kitts and Nevis KN: Lending Interest Rate data was reported at 9.092 % pa in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.230 % pa for 2016. Saint Kitts and Nevis KN: Lending Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 10.279 % pa from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2017, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.216 % pa in 2003 and a record low of 8.617 % pa in 2010. Saint Kitts and Nevis KN: Lending Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s St. Kitts and Nevis – Table KN.World Bank: Interest Rates. Lending rate is the bank rate that usually meets the short- and medium-term financing needs of the private sector. This rate is normally differentiated according to creditworthiness of borrowers and objectives of financing. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;

The benchmark interest rate in Switzerland was last recorded at 0.25 percent. This dataset provides - Switzerland Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Grenada's monetary policy rate has not varied between 2010 and 2017, period in which it remained at 6.5 percent. Monetary policy rate, also known as base interest rate or base rate, is a percentage defined by central banks to determine the cost of credit in a given economy. This indicator serves as a guide for other financial institutions to set their own interest rates.

The benchmark interest rate in Canada was last recorded at 2.75 percent. This dataset provides - Canada Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Honduras HN: Lending Interest Rate data was reported at 19.259 % pa in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 19.332 % pa for 2016. Honduras HN: Lending Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 19.388 % pa from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2017, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.067 % pa in 1997 and a record low of 15.375 % pa in 1988. Honduras HN: Lending Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Honduras – Table HN.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Lending rate is the bank rate that usually meets the short- and medium-term financing needs of the private sector. This rate is normally differentiated according to creditworthiness of borrowers and objectives of financing. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;

Iceland IS: Real Interest Rate data was reported at 6.741 % pa in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.997 % pa for 2016. Iceland IS: Real Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 8.012 % pa from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2017, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.367 % pa in 2007 and a record low of 1.479 % pa in 2015. Iceland IS: Real Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iceland – Table IS.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank data on the GDP deflator.; ;

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates, Discount Rate for Japan from Jan 1953 to Apr 2017 about Japan, interest rate, interest, and rate.

In 2024, preliminary figures reflected that the average lending nominal interest rates of banks in the Philippines reached a whooping 7.89 percent — the highest recorded since 2017. The average lending nominal interest rate of banks in the country fluctuated in the observed period.

The benchmark interest rate in India was last recorded at 6.25 percent. This dataset provides - India Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.