Abstract

The Survey on Interest Rate Controls 2020 was conducted as a World Bank Group study on interest rate controls (IRCs) in lending and deposit markets around the world. The study aims to identify the different types of formal (or de jure) controls, the countries that apply then, how they implement them, and the reasons for doing so. The objective of the study is to advance knowledge on this topic by providing an evidence base for investigating the impact of IRCs on economic outcomes.

The survey investigates present IRCs in each surveyed country, the reasons why they have been applied, the framework and resources associated with their application and the details as to their level and functioning. The focus is on legal forms of control (i.e. codified into law) as opposed to de facto controls. The new database on interest rate controls, a popular form of financial repression is based on a survey of 108 countries, representing 88 percent of global gross domestic product. The interest rate controls presented in this dataset were in effect in 2019.

Geographic coverage

Global Survey, covering 108 countries, representing 88 percent of global GDP.

Analysis unit

Regulation at the national level.

Universe

Banking supervisors and Local Banking Associations.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

Bank supervisors and banking associations were provided with a standard excel file with five parts. The survey was structured in five parts, each placed in a different excel sheet. Part A: Introduction. Countries with no IRCs in place were asked to only answer this sheet and leave the rest blank. Part B: Presented the definitions of controls, institutions, products and additional aspects that will be covered in the survey. Part C: Introduced a set of qualitative questions to describe the IRCs in place. Part D: Displayed a set of tables to quantitatively describe the IRCs in place. Part E: Laid out the final set of questions, covering sanctions and control mechanisms that support the IRCs' enforcement. The questionnaire is provided in the Documentation section in pdf and excel.

The median mortgage rate was the highest among Black and Hispanic mortgage applicants in the third quarter of 2023, followed closely by White applicants. Asian mortgage applicants for conventional conforming loans had lower interest rate, amounting to 6.63 percent.

As of the third quarter of 2024, 72-month new car loans granted by commercial banks in the United States had an interest rate of 8.76 percent. Meanwhile, auto loans at finance companies had an interest rate of 6.11 percent, which is lower than the average rate in commercial banks. The finance rates for new cars have only decreased at finance companies.

Key information about Germany Long Term Interest Rate

• Germany Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Germany: ECB Harmonised was reported at 2.18 % pa in Dec 2024, compared with 2.31 % pa in the previous month.
• Germany Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1990 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 9.09 % pa in Oct 1990 and a record low of -0.65 % pa in Aug 2019.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, Germany Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.15 % pa in Dec 2024.
• Germany Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in Public Debt and Low Interest Rates, PIIE Working Paper 19-4. If you use the data, please cite as: Blanchard, Olivier. (2019). Public Debt and Low Interest Rates. PIIE Working Paper 19-4. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

In 2019, the most common interest rate in Romania was the variable rate, which had up to one year initial rate fixation. Long-term interest rates, specifically the ones with an initial rate fixation of over ten years, accounted for nine percent.

The benchmark interest rate in Zimbabwe was last recorded at 35 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Zimbabwe Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Norway was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Norway Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In the United States, interest rates for all mortgage types started to increase in 2021. This was due to the Federal Reserve introducing a series of hikes in the federal funds rate to contain the rising inflation. In the first quarter of 2024, the 30-year fixed rate declined slightly, to 6.75 percent. Despite the cut, this was about 3.9 percentage points higher than the same quarter in 2021. Why have U.S. home sales decreased? Cheaper mortgages normally encourage consumers to buy homes, while higher borrowing costs have the opposite effect. As interest rates increased in 2022, the number of existing homes sold plummeted. Soaring house prices over the past 10 years have further affected housing affordability. Between 2013 and 2023, the median price of an existing single-family home risen by about 88 percent. On the other hand, the median weekly earnings have risen much slower. Comparing mortgage terms and rates Between 2008 and 2023, the average rate on a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage in the United States stood between 2.28 and 6.11 percent. Over the same period, a 30-year mortgage term averaged a fixed-rate of between 3.08 and 6.81 percent. Rates on 15-year loan terms are lower to encourage a quicker repayment, which helps to improve a homeowner’s equity.

Argentina AR: Real Interest Rate data was reported at -16.227 % pa in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of -10.074 % pa for 2022. Argentina AR: Real Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -7.321 % pa from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2023, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.104 % pa in 2019 and a record low of -16.227 % pa in 2023. Argentina AR: Real Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank data on the GDP deflator.;;

In March 2025, the median interest rate on variable rate housing loans set by city banks in Japan stood at about 2.63 percent per annum. In October 2024, the rate had increased for the first time in over a decade. The short-term prime lending rate serves as a benchmark for adjustable rate home loan rates.

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-03-20 about 15-year, fixed, mortgage, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 2.25 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Argentina AR: Interest Rate Spread data was reported at 0.897 % pa in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.018 % pa for 2022. Argentina AR: Interest Rate Spread data is updated yearly, averaging 2.852 % pa from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2023, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.967 % pa in 2019 and a record low of -0.018 % pa in 2022. Argentina AR: Interest Rate Spread data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.;Median;

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Russia has recorded a decrease in the average weighted interest rate on mortgage loans issued to residents in the national currency since July 2019. In September of that year, the mortgage loan rate exceeded at nearly 9 percent.

Indonesia BLS: Loan Interest Rate: in Rp: Consumption data was reported at 12.955 % in Jun 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.848 % for Mar 2019. Indonesia BLS: Loan Interest Rate: in Rp: Consumption data is updated quarterly, averaging 15.580 % from Dec 1999 (Median) to Jun 2019, with 79 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.500 % in Dec 1999 and a record low of 12.848 % in Mar 2019. Indonesia BLS: Loan Interest Rate: in Rp: Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Indonesia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.SD001: Banking Survey.

Brazil PSND: Implicit Interest Rate: Internal Net Debt: State Government data was reported at 0.646 % pa in Apr 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.718 % pa for Mar 2019. Brazil PSND: Implicit Interest Rate: Internal Net Debt: State Government data is updated monthly, averaging 0.933 % pa from Dec 2001 (Median) to Apr 2019, with 209 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.354 % pa in Dec 2002 and a record low of -0.336 % pa in Apr 2009. Brazil PSND: Implicit Interest Rate: Internal Net Debt: State Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table BR.FB032: Public Sector Net Debt: Implicit Interest Rate.

The real interest rate in the Philippines increased by 4.1 percentage points (+179.04 percent) in 2019. With 6.35 percent, the real interest rate thereby reached its highest value in the observed period. Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator.Find more statistics on other topics about the Philippines with key insights such as market capitalization of listed domestic companies as a share of GDP, broad money as a percentage of GDP, and market capitalization of listed domestic companies.

Brazil PSND: Implicit Interest Rate: Internal Net Debt: Local Government data was reported at 0.678 % pa in Apr 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.734 % pa for Mar 2019. Brazil PSND: Implicit Interest Rate: Internal Net Debt: Local Government data is updated monthly, averaging 1.121 % pa from Dec 2001 (Median) to Apr 2019, with 209 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.240 % pa in Dec 2002 and a record low of -0.020 % pa in Jan 2007. Brazil PSND: Implicit Interest Rate: Internal Net Debt: Local Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table BR.FB032: Public Sector Net Debt: Implicit Interest Rate.