Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at **** percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at **** percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to *** percent, the ECB refi rate to **** percent, the Bank of England bank rate to **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to **** percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Canada was last recorded at 2.25 percent. This dataset provides - Canada Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

United States Interest Rate Swaps: Mth Avg: 5 Year data was reported at 3.085 % pa in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.135 % pa for Oct 2018. United States Interest Rate Swaps: Mth Avg: 5 Year data is updated monthly, averaging 2.826 % pa from Jul 2000 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 221 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.167 % pa in Jul 2000 and a record low of 0.785 % pa in Nov 2012. United States Interest Rate Swaps: Mth Avg: 5 Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.M014: Interest Rate: Swaps Rates.

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 1.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Median (FEDTARMD) from 2025 to 2028 about projection, federal, median, rate, and USA.

Monthly and long-term United States Interest Rate data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Turkey Long-Term Interest Rate: Government Bonds data was reported at 21.755 % in Dec 2026. This stayed constant from the previous number of 21.755 % for Sep 2026. Turkey Long-Term Interest Rate: Government Bonds data is updated quarterly, averaging 12.984 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to Dec 2026, with 85 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.278 % in Jun 2024 and a record low of 6.312 % in Mar 2013. Turkey Long-Term Interest Rate: Government Bonds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.EO: Interest Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. IRL - Long-term interest rate on government bonds; Turkey Government Benchmark Bid Yield 5 Years

The benchmark interest rate in Mexico was last recorded at 7.25 percent. This dataset provides - Mexico Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-11-26 about 15-year, mortgage, fixed, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

The benchmark interest rate in Pakistan was last recorded at 11 percent. This dataset provides - Pakistan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In September 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In September 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 17 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.3 percent in September 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 8 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

Canada Conventional Mortgage: 5 Years: Weekly data was reported at 6.490 % pa in 07 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 6.490 % pa for 30 Apr 2025. Canada Conventional Mortgage: 5 Years: Weekly data is updated weekly, averaging 5.700 % pa from Jan 2000 (Median) to 07 May 2025, with 1323 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.750 % pa in 31 May 2000 and a record low of 4.640 % pa in 12 Jul 2017. Canada Conventional Mortgage: 5 Years: Weekly data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Canada. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.M005: Conventional Mortgage Rate. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Monthly and long-term India Interest Rate data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

Monthly and long-term China Interest Rate data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

Monthly and long-term Indonesia Interest Rate data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

According to the European Central Bank's survey of professional forecasters, the interest rate on the ECB's main refinancing operations is expected to decrease from *** percent in January 2025 to *** percent in 2026.

Key information about Canada Long Term Interest Rate

• Canada Government Benchmark Bonds Yield: Month End: 10 Years was reported at 3.12 % pa in Oct 2025, compared with 3.17 % pa in the previous month.
• Canada Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1993 to Oct 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 9.28 % pa in Jun 1994 and a record low of 0.46 % pa in Jul 2020.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by Bank of Canada.

• In the latest reports, Canada Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Treasury Bills Yield: 3 Months was reported at 2.21 % pa in Oct 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Overnight Target Rate) was set at 2.25 % pa in Oct 2025.
• Canada Exchange Rate against USD averaged 1.40 (USD/CAD) in Oct 2025.

The benchmark interest rate in Russia was last recorded at 16.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Russia Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.