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Over 2021 the most commonly traded interest rate derivatives on the London Stock Exchange were three month futures for British pounds, of varying expiration dates. This was followed by futures on the euro interbank offered rate (Euribor), and then futures on the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate (SONIA).

Interest rate futures are essentially a contact that fixes the interest rate on a loan or deposit for a period of time in the future, which (in the case of this statistic) is then tradable on a stock exchange. The type of future relates the underlying reference interest rate (LIBOR in the case of Sterling futures, or Eurobor, or SONIA).

Thailand CB: Interest Rate Swap (IRS): Transaction Vol: THB: Customers data was reported at 209,741.000 THB mn in May 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 95,726.000 THB mn for Apr 2018. Thailand CB: Interest Rate Swap (IRS): Transaction Vol: THB: Customers data is updated monthly, averaging 134,705.000 THB mn from Jan 2008 (Median) to May 2018, with 125 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 636,802.000 THB mn in Sep 2017 and a record low of 22,194.000 THB mn in Dec 2012. Thailand CB: Interest Rate Swap (IRS): Transaction Vol: THB: Customers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Thailand. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Thailand – Table TH.Z031: Commercial Banks: Interest Rate Swap Outstanding.

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The Federal Reserve Board has discontinued this series as of October 31, 2016. More information, including possible alternative series, can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h15.html. Rate paid by fixed-rate payer on an interest rate swap with maturity of two years. International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA®) mid-market par swap rates. Rates are for a Fixed Rate Payer in return for receiving three month LIBOR, and are based on rates collected at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time by Garban Intercapital plc and published on Reuters Page ISDAFIX®1. ISDAFIX is a registered service mark of ISDA. Source: Reuters Limited.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 2000-07-07

• Observation End : 2016-10-28

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Asia Chang on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

China Interest Rate Swap (IRS): Nominal Principal: Total data was reported at 3,632,153.000 RMB mn in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,059,138.000 RMB mn for Mar 2025. China Interest Rate Swap (IRS): Nominal Principal: Total data is updated monthly, averaging 673,327.000 RMB mn from Mar 2006 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 230 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,059,138.000 RMB mn in Mar 2025 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in May 2006. China Interest Rate Swap (IRS): Nominal Principal: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Interbank Funding Center. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money Market, Interest Rate, Yield and Exchange Rate – Table CN.MG: National Interbank Funding Centre (NIFC): Interest Rate Swap: Nominal Principal.

The average daily turnover of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives traded on in Germany fluctuated between 2001 and 2022, ranging from a peak of over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2022 down from a low of **** billion in 2016. The most common instrument traded also varied, with interest rate swaps growing dramatically in 2022.

IP Derivatives Market Outlook

The global IP derivatives market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.7 trillion by 2032, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.8%. This growth is driven primarily by increasing demand for risk management instruments, innovation in financial products, and the expanding reach of financial markets globally.

One of the primary growth factors for the IP derivatives market is the rising need for sophisticated risk management tools among investors. Equity derivatives, interest rate derivatives, and currency derivatives provide mechanisms to hedge against market volatility and economic uncertainties. This has garnered interest from institutional investors and corporates seeking to stabilize their financial performance amidst fluctuating market conditions. Innovations in derivative products, such as the introduction of new commodity derivatives and customized financial instruments, are further fueling the expansion of this market.

Technological advancements in trading platforms also play a significant role in the market's growth. The incorporation of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain technologies into trading systems has revolutionized trading efficiency, transparency, and security. These advancements are making derivatives trading more accessible and appealing to a broader range of investors, including retail investors who previously may have found such instruments too complex or risky. Additionally, the ongoing digital transformation within financial institutions is fostering the development and deployment of advanced trading platforms, further propelling the market forward.

Regulatory changes and enhancements in financial markets infrastructure are also contributing to the market's upward trajectory. Governments and financial regulatory bodies are increasingly recognizing the importance of derivatives in financial markets, leading to more supportive regulatory frameworks. Enhanced transparency and standardized procedures in over-the-counter (OTC) trading, as well as the growth of exchange-traded derivatives, are encouraging greater participation from various market players. The robust development of financial markets in emerging economies is also expanding the global footprint of IP derivatives.

The regional outlook reveals significant growth potential in the Asia Pacific region, driven by the rapid economic development in countries like China and India, along with the increasing sophistication of financial markets in these regions. North America and Europe continue to be significant players due to their established financial markets and advanced regulatory frameworks. However, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also emerging as key regions, thanks to improvements in financial infrastructure and growing investor awareness and participation in these markets.

Product Type Analysis

Equity derivatives, one of the primary segments of IP derivatives, include options, futures, and swaps based on underlying equity securities. The growth in equity derivatives is driven by the increasing volatility in stock markets, prompting investors to seek mechanisms to hedge against potential losses. The ability of equity derivatives to offer high leverage and flexibility makes them particularly attractive to both institutional and retail investors. Innovations such as exotic options and structured products have added further diversity and depth to this segment, enhancing its appeal.

Interest rate derivatives, which include products like interest rate swaps, futures, and options, are another significant segment. These derivatives are crucial for managing the risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates, which can impact borrowing costs, investment returns, and overall economic stability. The recent economic uncertainties and fluctuating interest rate environment have led to increased demand for such instruments. Financial institutions, in particular, leverage interest rate derivatives to manage their exposure to interest rate risk more effectively.

Currency derivatives, encompassing futures, options, and swaps based on currency exchange rates, are essential for managing foreign exchange risk. The global nature of trade and investment necessitates effective management of currency exposure, and currency derivatives provide a vital tool for achieving this. The volatility in foreign exchange markets, driven by geopolitical tensions, economic policies, and other macroeconomic factors, has heightened th

Content

The Federal Reserve Board has discontinued this series as of October 31, 2016. More information, including possible alternative series, can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h15.html. Rate paid by fixed-rate payer on an interest rate swap with maturity of one year. International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA®) mid-market par swap rates. Rates are for a Fixed Rate Payer in return for receiving three month LIBOR, and are based on rates collected at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time by Garban Intercapital plc and published on Reuters Page ISDAFIX®1. ISDAFIX is a registered service mark of ISDA. Source: Reuters Limited.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 2000-07-03

• Observation End : 2016-10-28

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by D A V I D S O N L U N A on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

Global interest rate (net - net), for interest rate swaps, total (all currencies), us dollar, total (all maturities), non-financial customers, All countries (total), All countries (total), total (all ratings), total (all sectors), total (all methods), outstanding - gross market values

The average daily turnover of over the counter (OTC) derivatives traded in France increase between 2001 and 2010, before falling over the following decade. From a peak of over 192.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2010, by 2019 the average daily turnover had fallen to around 119.7 billion U.S. dollars. In all years under consideration the most common instrument traded was interest rate swaps, which accounted for around two thirds of turnover in 2022.

Content

The Federal Reserve Board has discontinued this series as of October 31, 2016. More information, including possible alternative series, can be found at http://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/h15.html. Rate paid by fixed-rate payer on an interest rate swap with maturity of thirty years. International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA®) mid-market par swap rates. Rates are for a Fixed Rate Payer in return for receiving three month LIBOR, and are based on rates collected at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time by Garban Intercapital plc and published on Reuters Page ISDAFIX®1. ISDAFIX is a registered service mark of ISDA. Source: Reuters Limited.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 2000-07-03

• Observation End : 2016-10-28

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Roman Trofimiuk on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

The average daily turnover of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives traded in Australia grew between 2001 and 2022, increasing from *** billion U.S. dollars in 2001 to ***** billion U.S. dollars in 2019. The most common instrument traded in every period except 2001 was interest rate swaps. Moreover, much of the overall growth can be attributed to the increased turnover of interest rate swaps, which increased from less than half of the total turnover in 2001 to around ** percent by the late *****.

Extensive and dependable pricing information spanning the entire range of financial markets. Encompassing worldwide coverage from stock exchanges, trading platforms, indicative contributed prices, assessed valuations, expert third-party sources, and our enhanced data offerings. User-friendly request-response, bulk access, and tailored desktop interfaces to meet nearly any organizational or application data need. Worldwide, real-time, delayed streaming, intraday updates, and meticulously curated end-of-day pricing information.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

Between 2001 and 2022, the average daily turnover of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives traded in Italy fluctuated considerably, peaking in 2004. The turnover of derivatives in 2004 amounted to a total value of about ** billion U.S. dollars, while the turnover of derivatives in 2019 only amounted to **** billion U.S. dollars, the market is experiencing upward growth as the total value climbs to roughly **** billion U.S. dollars in 2022. The most commonly traded interest rate instruments were interest rate swaps, which are forward contracts wherein future interest payment streams are exchanged based on a definite principal amount.

In 2023, 3-Month SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) futures had the highest trading volume of all exchange-traded interest rate derivatives in 2023, with 809 million contracts traded on the CME. 10-year Treasury Notes futures followed, with 498 million contracts traded on the same exchange.

The UK's OTC (over-the-counter) interest rate derivatives market in 2022 was around *** billion U.S. dollars more than that of the United States. The United States had the second-largest OTC interest rate market at this time, followed by Hong Kong then Germany.

In April 2025, the transaction volume of foreign exchange and currency swaps amounted to over *** trillion U.S. dollars. The foreign exchange and currency swaps was first introduced to China's financial market in 2007.

The average daily turnover of over the counter (OTC) derivatives traded in the United Kingdom rose steadily from 2001, and peaked in 2019. The total value of derivative turnovers in 2019 amounted to a value of around 3.67 trillion U.S. dollars. The most common interest rate instruments traded were interest rate swaps. After only amounting to a value of 141 billion U.S. dollars in 2001, the total value of interest rate swaps in 2019 amounted to over 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars.

The benchmark interest rate In the Euro Area was last recorded at 2.15 percent. This dataset provides - Euro Area Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.