From 2003 to 2025, the central banks of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union exhibited remarkably similar interest rate patterns, reflecting shared global economic conditions. In the early 2000s, rates were initially low to stimulate growth, then increased as economies showed signs of overheating prior to 2008. The financial crisis that year prompted sharp rate cuts to near-zero levels, which persisted for an extended period to support economic recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to further rate reductions to historic lows, aiming to mitigate economic fallout. However, surging inflation in 2022 triggered a dramatic policy shift, with the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank significantly raising rates to curb price pressures. As inflation stabilized in late 2023 and early 2024, the ECB and Bank of England initiated rate cuts by mid-2024, and the Federal Reserve also implemented its first cut in three years, with forecasts suggesting a gradual decrease in all major interest rates between 2025 and 2026. Divergent approaches within the European Union While the ECB sets a benchmark rate for the Eurozone, individual EU countries have adopted diverse strategies to address their unique economic circumstances. For instance, Hungary set the highest rate in the EU at 13 percent in September 2023, gradually reducing it to 6.5 percent by October 2024. In contrast, Sweden implemented more aggressive cuts, lowering its rate to 2.25 percent by February 2025, the lowest among EU members. These variations highlight the complex economic landscape that European central banks must navigate, balancing inflation control with economic growth support. Global context and future outlook The interest rate changes in major economies have had far-reaching effects on global financial markets. Government bond yields, for example, reflect these policy shifts and investor sentiment. As of December 2024, the United States had the highest 10-year government bond yield among developed economies at 4.59 percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at 0.27 percent. These rates serve as important benchmarks for borrowing costs and economic expectations worldwide.

Mortgage rates in the Netherlands increased sharply in 2022 and 2023, after declining gradually between 2008 and 2021. In December 2022, the average interest rate for new mortgage loans stood at 1.65 percent, and by the end of 2023, it had risen to 4.13 percent. The 10-year interest rate was the lowest, at 2.96 percent; the floating and less than one-year interest rates amounted to 5.13 and 4.62 percent, respectively. In early 2024, mortgage rates decreased notably. Are mortgage rates in the Netherlands different from those in other European countries? When comparing this ranking to data that covers multiple European countries, the Netherlands’ mortgage rate was similar to the rates found in Spain, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. It was, however, a lot lower than the rates in Eastern Europe. Hungary and Romania, for example, had some of the highest mortgage rates. For more information on the European mortgage market and how much the countries differ from each other, please visit this dedicated research page. How big is the mortgage market in the Netherlands? The Netherlands has overall seen an increase in the number of mortgage loans sold and is regarded as one of the countries with the highest mortgage debt in Europe. The reason behind this is that Dutch homeowners were able to for many years to deduct interest paid from pre-tax income (a system known in the Netherlands as hypotheekrenteaftrek). Total mortgage debt of Dutch households has been increasing year-on-year since 2013.

The benchmark interest rate in Russia was last recorded at 20 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Russia Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The dataset shows structure of interest rates

Note: 1. For the year 1995-96, interest rate on deposits of maturity above 3 years, and from 1996-97 onwards, interest rates on deposit for all the maturities refer to the deposit rates of 5 major public sector banks as at end-March. 2. From 1994-95 onwards, data on minimum general key lending rates prescribed by RBI refers to the prime lending rates of 5 major public sector banks. 3. For 2011-12, data on deposit rates and Base rates of 5 major public sector banks refer to the period up to July 31, 2010. From July 1, 2010 BPLR System is replaced by Base Rate System. Accordingly the data reflects the Base Rate of five major public sector banks. Data for 2010-11 for Call/Notice Money rates are average of April-July 2010. 4. Data for dividend rate and yield rate for units of UTI are based on data received from Unit Trust of India. 5. Data on annual(gross) redemption yield of Government of India securities are based on redemption yield which is computed from 2000-01 as the mean of the daily weighted average yield of the transactions in each traded security. The weight is calculated as the share of the transaction in a given security in the aggregated value. 6. Data on prime lending rates for IDBI, IFCI and ICICI for the year 1999-00 relates to long-term prime lending rates in January 2000. 7. Data on prime lending rates for State Financial Corporation for all the years and for other term lending institutions from 2002-03 onwards relate to long-term (over 36-month) PLR. 8. Data on prime lending rate of IIBI/ IRBI from 2003-04 onwards relate to single PLR effective July 31, 2003. 9. IDBI ceased to be term lending institution on its conversion into a banking entity effective October 11, 2004. 10. ICICI ceased to be a term-lending institution after its merger with ICICI Bank. 11. Figures in brackets indicate lending rate charged to small-scale industries. 12. IFCI has become a non-bank financial company. 13. IIBI is in the process of voluntary winding up.

The benchmark interest rate in Tajikistan was last recorded at 8.25 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Tajikistan Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2022, interest rates for new mortgages in the Netherlands rose rapidly, after falling to a record-low level in 2021. In September 2023, the average mortgage rate for new loans stood at 4.05 percent, up from 1.65 percent in October 2021. The floating interest rate was the highest, at 4.85 percent.

Official interest, rates short - term deposits unsecured and call money 1957 - 2001, January 1957- December 2003 Changed on January 13 2004. Frequency: Discontinued.

The average mortgage interest rate in Spain followed a downward trend for almost a decade before increasing dramatically in 2022. In 2023, new housing loans had an average interest rate of 3.74 percent - about three times the interest rate in 2020. Mortgages with a five to 10-year term were the only product which saw rates decline between 2022 and 2023. Why did mortgage rates spike? Macroeconomic factors, such as inflation, economic growth, and fiscal policy, play a major role in determining the cost of a loan. Inflation in Europe started rising in late 2021, largely due to surging energy costs. In Spain, the annual change of the consumer price index peaked at almost 11 percent in July 2023. The European Central Bank has responded by introducing a series of hikes on the key interest rates (main refinancing operations, marginal lending facility, and deposit facility), which have affected lending rates across the European Union. How has the housing market reacted to the interest rate hike? The housing market follows a certain seasonality, with more home sales in the second and fourth quarters of the year. This was also the case in 2022, but the last quarter of the year saw an annual decline. Though compared to previous years, the number of transactions was one of the highest, the annual decrease shows a potential downturn.

Bank Lending Rate in Germany decreased to 4.23 percent in April from 4.41 percent in March of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Germany Bank Lending Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Shows the daily level of the federal funds rate back to 1954. The fed funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight, on an uncollateralized basis. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate.

Interest rates on SME loans in late 2024 and beginning of 2025 converged a lot. While in previous years, the rates varied a lot depending on the size of the loan, those differences were significantly smaller by January 2025. Loans of over one million have had the lowest interest rates in the past couple of years, but in 2009 they reached a peak at over five percent. SMEs, or mkb (an abbreviation of midden- en kleinbedrijf) in Dutch, are a big provider for the economy in the Netherlands, as they are the second-largest type of business enterprise present in the country.

RS: Lending Interest Rate data was reported at 6.897 % pa in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.282 % pa for 2013. RS: Lending Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.032 % pa from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2014, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.727 % pa in 2011 and a record low of 2.588 % pa in 2003. RS: Lending Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Serbia – Table RS.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Lending rate is the bank rate that usually meets the short- and medium-term financing needs of the private sector. This rate is normally differentiated according to creditworthiness of borrowers and objectives of financing. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;

The benchmark interest rate in Brunei was last recorded at 5.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Brunei Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Discount Rate (DISCONTINUED) (DDISCRT) from 1955-01-03 to 2003-01-08 about interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Discount Window Primary Credit Rate (DPCREDIT) from 2003-01-09 to 2025-06-05 about primary, credits, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Mozambique MZ: Real Interest Rate data was reported at 16.474 % pa in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.942 % pa for 2016. Mozambique MZ: Real Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 11.413 % pa from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2017, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.847 % pa in 2003 and a record low of 7.075 % pa in 2001. Mozambique MZ: Real Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mozambique – Table MZ.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank data on the GDP deflator.; ;

The benchmark interest rate in Nepal was last recorded at 6.50 percent. This dataset provides - Nepal Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The average quarterly interest rate for new consumer credit and other loans with an initial fixed rate of less than one year in the Netherlands from decreased overall between 2003 and 2021. In the third quarter of 2021, the interest rate was 2.1 percent. This is an increase when compared to the previous quarter. The source states that the interest rates are calculated by taking the average (weighted by the size of the new contracts or outstanding amounts) of the reporting banks' interest rates.

Bank Lending Rate in Netherlands decreased to 2.85 percent in April from 2.93 percent in March of 2025. This dataset provides - Netherlands Bank Lending Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Colombia Long Term Interest Rate

• Colombia Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: Colombia: Treasury Securities Rate: 10 Years was reported at 11.98 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 12.03 % pa in the previous month.
• Colombia Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2003 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 16.18 % pa in Apr 2003 and a record low of 5.07 % pa in Feb 2013.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, Colombia Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Colombia: Certificate of Deposits Rate: 90 Days was reported at 13.02 % pa in Jun 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Intervention Rate: Minimum) was set at 9.50 % pa in Feb 2025.
• Colombia Exchange Rate against USD averaged 4,213.53 (USD/COP) in Jun 2023.