Dataset Overview

A comprehensive monthly commodity price dataset spanning January 1960 to February 2026, covering 71 commodities across 10 categories — Energy, Metals & Minerals, Precious Metals, Grains, Beverages, Oils & Meals, Fertilizers, Timber, Other Food, and Other Raw Materials.

Primary data sourced from the World Bank Pink Sheet (CMO Historical Data Monthly), the world's most authoritative commodity price series. Six key commodities (WTI Oil, Brent Oil, Copper, Wheat, Maize, European Natural Gas) are extended through February 2026 via the FRED API (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis), bridging the Pink Sheet's December 2024 cutoff.

Each record includes the nominal USD price, unit of measurement, commodity category, and 20+ derived analytical columns including month-on-month and year-on-year price changes, 3/12/60-month rolling averages, 12-month rolling volatility, a base-2000 price index, all-time high/low flags, price regime classification, decade and era labels. 49,093 records in total.

Data Science Applications

• Time series forecasting: predict commodity prices using rolling averages, volatility and MoM/YoY features
• Correlation analysis: identify cross-commodity price relationships (e.g. crude oil vs fertilizers vs food)
• Regime detection: classify market states using price_regime_mom and rolling volatility
• Inflation research: track commodity price cycles across 6 decades and major economic shocks
• Portfolio analysis: use price index (base 2000) to compare relative returns across commodity classes
• EDA: explore price behaviour across Oil Crisis, Commodity Supercycle, GFC, COVID and post-pandemic eras

Column Descriptors

date — First day of month (ISO format YYYY-MM-DD) year — Calendar year month — Month number (1–12) month_name — Month name (January–December) quarter — Quarter label (Q1–Q4) decade — Decade label (e.g. 1970s) era — Economic era classification commodity_name — Full World Bank commodity name commodity_code — Short ticker-style code (e.g. OIL_WTI, GOLD) category — Commodity category (Energy, Grains etc.) unit — Unit of measurement ($/bbl, $/mt, $/mmbtu etc.) price_nominal_usd — Monthly price in nominal USD price_mom_pct — Month-on-month % price change price_mom_abs — Month-on-month absolute price change (USD) price_yoy_pct — Year-on-year % price change price_3m_avg — 3-month rolling average price price_12m_avg — 12-month rolling average price price_60m_avg — 60-month (5-year) rolling average price price_12m_volatility — 12-month rolling standard deviation price_index_2000_base — Price index rebased to Jan 2000 = 100 price_regime_mom — MoM regime: Sharp Rise / Rising / Stable / Falling / Sharp Fall is_all_time_high — 1 if price is a new all-time high at that date is_all_time_low — 1 if price is a new all-time low at that date source_desc — Full commodity source description from World Bank Pink Sheet documentation data_source — World Bank Pink Sheet or FRED dataset_version — 1.0 retrieved_date — Date data was retrieved build_timestamp — Full build timestamp row_completeness_pct — % of critical fields populated

Acknowledgements

World Bank Group — Commodity Markets Outlook, Pink Sheet (CMO Historical Data Monthly) https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis — FRED Economic Data https://fred.stlouisfed.org

All World Bank data is open access under CC BY 4.0. FRED data is public domain.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed many crisis events, and the Russia-Ukraine war, which broke out on 24th February 2022, has increased international policy uncertainty and impacted the current world commodity and financial markets. Thus, we try to capture how the Russia-Ukraine war has affected the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets. We study six groups of commodity daily returns and one group of stock daily returns and select the sample from 24th February 2022 to 1st June 2022 as the sample during the Russia-Ukraine war; in addition, we select the sample from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020 as the sample during COVID-19 control group, and the sample from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017 as the non-extreme event control group, to explore the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets before the war, and to compare and uncover the impact of the uncertain event of the Russia-Ukraine war on the commodity and stock markets. In this paper, the marginal density function of each series is constructed using the ARMA-GARCH-std method, and the R-Vine copula model is built based on the marginal density function to analyze the correlation relationship between each market. From the Tree1 of the Vine copula, it is found that crude oil becomes the core connecting each commodity market and the stock market during the Russia-Ukraine war. The price fluctuations of crude oil may be contagious to agricultural and precious metal markets in the same direction, while the stock market price fluctuations are inversely correlated with commodity markets. Comparison with the selected control group sample reveals that the Russia-Ukraine war increases the correlation between the markets and enhances the possibility of risk transmission. The core of the correlation structure shifts from agricultural commodities and precious metals to crude oil after the Russia-Ukraine war.

Graph and download economic data for Global Price Index of All Commodities (PALLFNFINDEXQ) from Q1 1992 to Q4 2025 about World, commodities, price index, indexes, and price.

Gold rose to 4,533.64 USD/t.oz on March 27, 2026, up 3.51% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gold's price has fallen 14.82%, but it is still 46.99% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gold - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2026.

India Foreign Direct Investment: Inflow: USD: Services Sector: Commodity Exchange data was reported at 1.180 USD mn in Jun 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.050 USD mn for Jun 2013. India Foreign Direct Investment: Inflow: USD: Services Sector: Commodity Exchange data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.380 USD mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to Jun 2014, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.180 USD mn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 0.050 USD mn in Jun 2013. India Foreign Direct Investment: Inflow: USD: Services Sector: Commodity Exchange data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Investment – Table IN.OA007: Foreign Direct Investment Inflow: by Industry: USD.

Europe Commodity Trading Transaction and Risk Management - CTRM Software market size will be USD 672.83 Million by 2023

Stock and commodity exchanges endured consistent growth mired by sharp economic volatility, the continued effects of elevated interest rates on investors’ trade capability and mixed economic sentiment among investors. While trading volumes reached new highs in 2025 bolstered by strong growth in corporate profit and new IPO filings, inflationary pressures in 2022 and 2023 resulted in a hawkish pivot on interest rates, which curtailed ROIs across major equity markets. Geopolitical volatility across Europe and the Middle East exacerbated trade volatility, as many investors pivoted away from traditional equity markets into derivative markets, such as options and futures to better hedge on their investment. Nonetheless, the continued digitalization of trading markets bolstered exchanges, as they were able to facilitate improved client service and stronger market insights for interested investors. Revenue grew at a CAGR of 4.3% to an estimated $24.2 billion over the past five years, including an estimated 4.8% boost in 2026 alone. A core development for exchanges has been the growth of derivative trades, which has facilitated a significant market niche for investors. Heightened options trading and growing attraction to agricultural commodities strengthened service diversification among exchanges. Major companies, such as CME Group Inc., introduced new tradeable food commodities for investors in 2024, further diversifying how clients engage in trades. These trends, coupled with strengthened corporate profit growth, bolstered exchanges’ profitability. Moving forward, stock and commodity exchanges are poised to continue stable growth, buoyed by stabilization in investor uncertainty and acceleration of corporate profit, which will lift investment into the stock market. Greater levels of research and development will expand the scope of stocks offered because new companies will spring up via IPOs, benefiting exchange demand. Nonetheless, continued threat from substitutes such as electronic communication networks (ECNs) will curtail larger growth, as better technology will enable investors to start trading independently. However, effective use of electronic platforms by incumbent exchange giants such as NASDAQ Inc. can help stem this decline by offering faster processing via electronic trade floors and prioritizing client support. The growing adoption of AI and cloud computing will also provide cost-effective solutions in cracking down on securities fraud and enhancing market services. Revenue is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.5% to an estimated $28.8 billion over the next five years.

Silver rose to 69.59 USD/t.oz on March 27, 2026, up 2.24% from the previous day. Over the past month, Silver's price has fallen 22.06%, but it is still 104.13% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Silver - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2026.

GSCI fell to 719.33 Index Points on March 27, 2026, down 0.11% from the previous day. Over the past month, GSCI's price has risen 13.77%, and is up 28.34% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. GSCI Commodity Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2026.

The World Bank’s Commodity Markets Outlook is published quarterly, in January, April, July and October. The report provides detailed market analysis for major commodity groups, including energy, metals, agriculture, precious metals and fertilizers. Price forecasts to 2025 for 46 commodities are presented along with historical price data. For more information, please visit: http://www.worldbank.org/commodities For current and past data on Commodity Price Forecasts, please see the Archives data tab on the website.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed many crisis events, and the Russia-Ukraine war, which broke out on 24th February 2022, has increased international policy uncertainty and impacted the current world commodity and financial markets. Thus, we try to capture how the Russia-Ukraine war has affected the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets. We study six groups of commodity daily returns and one group of stock daily returns and select the sample from 24th February 2022 to 1st June 2022 as the sample during the Russia-Ukraine war; in addition, we select the sample from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020 as the sample during COVID-19 control group, and the sample from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017 as the non-extreme event control group, to explore the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets before the war, and to compare and uncover the impact of the uncertain event of the Russia-Ukraine war on the commodity and stock markets. In this paper, the marginal density function of each series is constructed using the ARMA-GARCH-std method, and the R-Vine copula model is built based on the marginal density function to analyze the correlation relationship between each market. From the Tree1 of the Vine copula, it is found that crude oil becomes the core connecting each commodity market and the stock market during the Russia-Ukraine war. The price fluctuations of crude oil may be contagious to agricultural and precious metal markets in the same direction, while the stock market price fluctuations are inversely correlated with commodity markets. Comparison with the selected control group sample reveals that the Russia-Ukraine war increases the correlation between the markets and enhances the possibility of risk transmission. The core of the correlation structure shifts from agricultural commodities and precious metals to crude oil after the Russia-Ukraine war.

➡️A data set on select, monthly commodity prices made available by the World Bank in its so-called "pink sheet." These data are potentially useful for applications on data gathering, inflation adjustments, indexing, cointegration, general economic riff-raff, and more.

Details

All data are in nominal USD. Adjust (to taste) accordingly.

Data compiled by the World Bank for its historical data on commodity prices. The oil price data come from a combination of sources, supposedly Bloomberg, Energy Intelligence Group (EIG), Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and the World Bank. Data on coffee prices come from Bloomberg, Complete Coffee Coverage, the International Coffee Organization, Thomson Reuters Datastream, and the World Bank. Data on tea prices for Colombo auctions come the from International Tea Committee, Tea Broker's Association of London, Tea Exporters Association Sri Lanka, and the World Bank. Data on tea prices for Kolkata auctions come from the International Tea Committee, Tea Board India, Tea Broker's Association of London, and the World Bank. Tea prices for Mombasa/Nairobi auctions come from African Tea Brokers Limited, International Tea Committee, Tea Broker's Association of London, and the World Bank. EU sugar price data come from International Monetary Fund, World Bank. Sugar price data for the United States come from Bloomberg and World Bank. Global sugar price data come from Bloomberg, International Sugar Organization, Thomson Reuters Datastream, and the World Bank.

This data set effectively deprecates the sugar_price and coffee_price data sets in this package. Both may be removed at a later point.

The Stock & Commodities Exchange industry has navigated an eventful few years, shaped by rapid consolidation, volatile markets and economic uncertainty. After a post-pandemic boom in 2021‑22, driven by blockbuster deals like the London Stock Exchange Group’s (LSEG) Refinitiv takeover, the sector has weathered shifting economic winds and geopolitical turbulence. Despite these headwinds, exchanges have adapted by expanding their data offerings and investing in technology in a fast‑changing financial landscape. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 11.8% over the five years through 2025-26 £17.1 billion, including estimated growth of 3.8% in 2025-26. M&A activity remains cautious amid lingering inflation and global uncertainty, with ONS reporting overall deal volumes down 7.2% in early 2025 compared to the prior year. Yet there are bright spots: private equity sees growing value in UK firms, particularly in tech and green energy, and exchanges are benefiting from higher trading volumes driven by deal speculation and volatile markets. Elevated commodity prices following Middle Eastern tensions have further boosted activity in derivatives and hedging instruments, supporting transaction‑fee revenue and an average industry profit margin of 25.7% in 2025-26. At the same time, exchanges like LSEG continue to diversify away from pure trading revenue, doubling down on data, analytics and AI integration, evidenced by partnerships such as LSEG’s tie‑up with Anthropic in 2025. This shift toward multi‑stream income has helped cushion revenue even as broader deal activity softens. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.6% over the five years through 2030-31 to £21.4 billion. Looking ahead, volatility is set to remain a defining feature. The ongoing US‑Iran conflict keeps energy markets unstable but also drives hedging demand that ultimately supports exchange revenues. Falling interest rates are expected to revive M&A appetite gradually, while regulatory reforms by the FCA aim to make London a more attractive listing venue. Technological investment will remain key: blockchain‑based trading platforms and AI‑powered analytics are reshaping how exchanges operate, trade, and generate value. Bigger players will continue leveraging consolidation for scale and efficiency, while smaller exchanges carve out niche roles.

A well documented stylized fact in commodity-exporting countries is the robust relationship between commodity prices and real exchange rates. However, empirical evidence of factors that affect the strength of the commodity price-real exchange rate connection remains inconclusive. In this paper, we investigate how structural and financial factors affect the relationship between world commodity prices and the Brazilian real exchange rate during the floating exchange rate regime. The key results show that the strength of the real exchange rate response to real commodity price fluctuations depends on the trade openness in the long run and on the country risk in the short run. Our findings provide important insights for the appropriated design of foreign exchange policy in Brazil.

At 3.82 U.S. dollars per gallon in October 2022, regular all formulation retail gasoline prices in the United States were considerably lower than in Hong Kong or the Central African Republic, which reported the highest gasoline prices in the world at the end of October 2022. Norway also ranked high this year. Its high gasoline prices might be one of the reasons why the country is leading the charge towards electric mobility. Gas prices in selected countries worldwide Fuel prices in different countries range from a few cents to almost two U.S. dollars per liter. Gasoline is often regarded as a key driver of a country’s economy, as it is the main fuel used in passenger vehicles and the automotive fleets of small and large businesses. The United States is one of the biggest consumers of gasoline on a per capita basis, with approximately 356 gallons of gasoline per person in 2020. Fuel prices respond to crude oil price changes One of the liquid’s main ingredients is crude oil. The spot prices of publicly traded crudes, such as U.S.-sourced WTI (West Texas Intermediate), UK Brent, and the OPEC basket grades, are highly volatile and have proven prone to inflation as of late, most recently due to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China, blockages in the Suez Canal, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Where access to oil is limited, this volatility may spur a shift towards alternative propulsion systems and fuels among a growing number of vehicle drivers. Affordability of fuel Gas prices in Europe are counted among the highest worldwide. At 7.6 U.S. dollars per gallon or more, gasoline is particularly expensive in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Greece, Finland, and the Netherlands. Car drivers in Mozambique and Madagascar feel the most pain at the pump. Some 145.7 percent of a month's wages are needed to fill up a tank in Mozambique. The low affordability of fuel is due to weak currencies, limited wage growth, and a level of prosperity that is yet to meet other markets' standards. The high price in countries such as the Netherlands and Norway is largely attributable to taxes. Other factors driving gas prices include local demand, processing and distribution costs, and the aforementioned level of crude oil prices.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed many crisis events, and the Russia-Ukraine war, which broke out on 24th February 2022, has increased international policy uncertainty and impacted the current world commodity and financial markets. Thus, we try to capture how the Russia-Ukraine war has affected the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets. We study six groups of commodity daily returns and one group of stock daily returns and select the sample from 24th February 2022 to 1st June 2022 as the sample during the Russia-Ukraine war; in addition, we select the sample from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020 as the sample during COVID-19 control group, and the sample from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017 as the non-extreme event control group, to explore the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets before the war, and to compare and uncover the impact of the uncertain event of the Russia-Ukraine war on the commodity and stock markets. In this paper, the marginal density function of each series is constructed using the ARMA-GARCH-std method, and the R-Vine copula model is built based on the marginal density function to analyze the correlation relationship between each market. From the Tree1 of the Vine copula, it is found that crude oil becomes the core connecting each commodity market and the stock market during the Russia-Ukraine war. The price fluctuations of crude oil may be contagious to agricultural and precious metal markets in the same direction, while the stock market price fluctuations are inversely correlated with commodity markets. Comparison with the selected control group sample reveals that the Russia-Ukraine war increases the correlation between the markets and enhances the possibility of risk transmission. The core of the correlation structure shifts from agricultural commodities and precious metals to crude oil after the Russia-Ukraine war.

Content

The dataset contains monthly prices for 70 сommodities. Columns description is available in a separate attached file.

Acknowledgements

Data is collected from the official website of The World Bank: Commodity Markets (https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets#1).

Inspiration

Data can be used for time series modelling or time series clustering methods as well as for conducting exploratory data analysis for research papers or any other scientific activity.

Climate-Aligned Commodity Trading Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global climate-aligned commodity trading market size reached USD 30.8 billion in 2024, and it is expected to grow at a robust CAGR of 15.2% during the forecast period, reaching a projected value of USD 80.3 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is underpinned by increasing regulatory pressure, heightened investor and consumer demand for sustainable sourcing, and a global shift towards decarbonization and responsible supply chain management. As per our comprehensive analysis, the market is witnessing rapid transformation, driven by innovations in digital trading platforms, the proliferation of certification standards, and expanding participation from institutional and commercial end-users.

The primary growth factor propelling the climate-aligned commodity trading market is the intensifying focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria across global industries. Companies are increasingly required to demonstrate their commitment to climate goals as part of their operational and investment strategies. This has led to a surge in demand for commodities that are sourced, produced, and traded with verified climate alignment. Regulatory frameworks such as the European Union’s Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) and the US SEC’s climate risk disclosure rules are compelling organizations to trace and report the carbon footprint associated with their commodity trading activities. As a result, market participants are investing in traceability technologies, blockchain solutions, and third-party verification mechanisms to ensure compliance and maintain competitiveness in a rapidly evolving marketplace.

Another significant growth driver is the rapid digitalization of commodity trading platforms, enabling greater transparency, efficiency, and scalability in climate-aligned transactions. Digital platforms are facilitating real-time access to climate data, certification records, and transactional histories, thereby reducing the risk of greenwashing and enhancing trust among stakeholders. These advancements are particularly critical in the agricultural and energy segments, where supply chains are complex and climate impacts are substantial. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into digital trading environments is enabling predictive analytics and risk assessment, which are essential for managing the volatility and uncertainties inherent in commodity markets.

The growing influence of institutional investors and multinational corporations is also shaping the climate-aligned commodity trading market. These entities are leveraging their market power to demand higher standards of sustainability and climate compliance from suppliers and trading partners. This trend is particularly evident in sectors such as food and beverage, automotive, and consumer goods, where end-users are increasingly seeking to align their procurement strategies with their broader sustainability objectives. The proliferation of voluntary and compliance-based certification standards, such as the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC), is further catalyzing market growth by providing clear benchmarks for climate alignment and facilitating the entry of new market participants.

Regionally, Europe and North America are leading the adoption of climate-aligned commodity trading, driven by stringent regulatory requirements and a mature ecosystem of certification bodies and digital trading platforms. However, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a significant growth engine, fueled by rapid industrialization, expanding renewable energy investments, and increasing participation in global sustainability initiatives. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing rising interest, particularly in the agricultural and energy segments, as governments and industry players seek to capitalize on export opportunities and align with global climate commitments. The interplay of regional dynamics, policy frameworks, and market innovations is expected to shape the future trajectory of the global climate-aligned commodity trading market.

The global commodities trading services market is booming, projected to reach [estimated 2033 value based on CAGR] by 2033. Discover key market trends, drivers, and restraints influencing growth in energy, metals, agricultural, and other sectors. Analyze leading companies like Vitol, Glencore, and Trafigura, and explore regional market shares across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.