The global commodity trading services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing globalization, fluctuating commodity prices, and the need for efficient supply chain management. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2 trillion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6% between 2025 and 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising demand for raw materials across various sectors, including metals, energy, and agriculture, is creating lucrative opportunities for commodity trading firms. Secondly, technological advancements in areas like data analytics and blockchain technology are improving transparency, efficiency, and risk management within commodity trading, further stimulating market expansion. Finally, the increasing complexity of global supply chains necessitates the expertise of specialized commodity traders to navigate market volatility and ensure secure and timely delivery of goods. The market is segmented by commodity type (metals, energy, agricultural, and others) and by the size of the businesses served (large enterprises and SMEs). While large enterprises dominate the market currently, the SME segment shows strong potential for future growth as businesses increasingly rely on external expertise for commodity sourcing. The geographical distribution of the commodity trading services market is diverse, with North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific representing the major regions. However, emerging markets in Asia and Africa are showing significant growth potential due to rapid industrialization and rising consumer demand. Competitive pressures within the industry are high, with numerous large multinational corporations vying for market share. These companies, including Vitol, Glencore, Trafigura, Mercuria, and Cargill, possess extensive global networks, strong financial capabilities, and deep expertise in risk management, allowing them to dominate the market. Nevertheless, smaller, specialized trading firms are also finding success by focusing on niche markets or employing innovative trading strategies. The overall outlook for the commodity trading services market remains optimistic, with continued growth expected over the coming years, albeit with some potential challenges related to geopolitical instability and regulatory changes.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed many crisis events, and the Russia-Ukraine war, which broke out on 24th February 2022, has increased international policy uncertainty and impacted the current world commodity and financial markets. Thus, we try to capture how the Russia-Ukraine war has affected the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets. We study six groups of commodity daily returns and one group of stock daily returns and select the sample from 24th February 2022 to 1st June 2022 as the sample during the Russia-Ukraine war; in addition, we select the sample from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020 as the sample during COVID-19 control group, and the sample from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017 as the non-extreme event control group, to explore the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets before the war, and to compare and uncover the impact of the uncertain event of the Russia-Ukraine war on the commodity and stock markets. In this paper, the marginal density function of each series is constructed using the ARMA-GARCH-std method, and the R-Vine copula model is built based on the marginal density function to analyze the correlation relationship between each market. From the Tree1 of the Vine copula, it is found that crude oil becomes the core connecting each commodity market and the stock market during the Russia-Ukraine war. The price fluctuations of crude oil may be contagious to agricultural and precious metal markets in the same direction, while the stock market price fluctuations are inversely correlated with commodity markets. Comparison with the selected control group sample reveals that the Russia-Ukraine war increases the correlation between the markets and enhances the possibility of risk transmission. The core of the correlation structure shifts from agricultural commodities and precious metals to crude oil after the Russia-Ukraine war.

Stock and commodity exchanges can benefit from various sources of revenue, ranging from fees charged through the purchasing and selling of stocks and commodities to the listing of companies on exchanges with IPOs. Yet, this hasn't meant exchanges have been free of challenges, with many companies looking to more attractive overseas markets in countries like the US that embrace stronger growth. The most notable culprits have been ARM and CRH, refusing to put up with the increasingly cheaper valuations offered by UK stock exchanges.Stock and commodity exchange revenue is expected to boom at a compound annual rate of 13% over the five years through 2025-26 to £18 billion, including growth of 5.2% in 2025-26. Boosted by the London Stock Exchange Group's Refinitiv purchase in 2021-22, the growth numbers seem inflated. The industry saw ample consolidations, aided by MiFID II's initiation in 2018. However, M&As have slumped over recent years as a result of high borrowing costs and a foggy economic outlook. Interest rate cuts and growing confidence are set to facilitate a modest recovery over the two years through 2025, driving revenue growth and supporting profit of 25.7% in 2025-26. Exchanges have also capitalised on volatile markets, with nervous investors triggering sharp sell-offs amid a tense geopolitical backdrop with Trump’s tariff policies. Consolidation amongst the largest players has been frequent, ratcheting up market share concentration. This will also prompt smaller exchanges to target niche markets and potentially band together in networks or alliances to pool liquidity and strengthen bargaining power. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.7% over the five years through 2030-31 to £22.7 billion. Over the short term, sticky inflation and how aggressively the Bank of England cuts rates will incite volatility and fuel trading on exchanges, driving revenue growth. Geopolitical tensions also show no signs of cooling, with the potential for matters to even escalate, keeping markets edgy and increasing the likelihood of large market swings. The use of blockchain will become more prevalent, with major player, the London Stock Exchange Group, already introducing a blockchain-based infrastructure platform for private markets. These exchanges allow for 24/7 trading, lower settlement times, and often lower fees, which can attract retail and institutional participants, driving fee income.

Gold fell to 4,199.97 USD/t.oz on December 2, 2025, down 0.75% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gold's price has risen 4.93%, and is up 58.92% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gold - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Global Price Index of All Commodities (PALLFNFINDEXQ) from Q1 2003 to Q2 2025 about World, commodities, price index, indexes, and price.

India Foreign Direct Investment: Inflow: USD: Services Sector: Commodity Exchange data was reported at 1.180 USD mn in Jun 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.050 USD mn for Jun 2013. India Foreign Direct Investment: Inflow: USD: Services Sector: Commodity Exchange data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.380 USD mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to Jun 2014, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.180 USD mn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 0.050 USD mn in Jun 2013. India Foreign Direct Investment: Inflow: USD: Services Sector: Commodity Exchange data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Investment – Table IN.OA007: Foreign Direct Investment Inflow: by Industry: USD.

The World Bank’s Commodity Markets Outlook is published quarterly, in January, April, July and October. The report provides detailed market analysis for major commodity groups, including energy, metals, agriculture, precious metals and fertilizers. Price forecasts to 2025 for 46 commodities are presented along with historical price data. For more information, please visit: http://www.worldbank.org/commodities For current and past data on Commodity Price Forecasts, please see the Archives data tab on the website.

The World Bank’s Commodity Markets Outlook is published quarterly, in January, April, July and October. The report provides detailed market analysis for major commodity groups, including energy, metals, agriculture, precious metals and fertilizers. Price forecasts to 2025 for 46 commodities are presented along with historical price data. For more information, please visit: http://www.worldbank.org/commodities For current and past data on Commodity Price Forecasts, please see the Archives data tab on the website.

Crude Oil fell to 59.17 USD/Bbl on December 2, 2025, down 0.25% from the previous day. Over the past month, Crude Oil's price has fallen 3.08%, and is down 15.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Crude Oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed many crisis events, and the Russia-Ukraine war, which broke out on 24th February 2022, has increased international policy uncertainty and impacted the current world commodity and financial markets. Thus, we try to capture how the Russia-Ukraine war has affected the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets. We study six groups of commodity daily returns and one group of stock daily returns and select the sample from 24th February 2022 to 1st June 2022 as the sample during the Russia-Ukraine war; in addition, we select the sample from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020 as the sample during COVID-19 control group, and the sample from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017 as the non-extreme event control group, to explore the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets before the war, and to compare and uncover the impact of the uncertain event of the Russia-Ukraine war on the commodity and stock markets. In this paper, the marginal density function of each series is constructed using the ARMA-GARCH-std method, and the R-Vine copula model is built based on the marginal density function to analyze the correlation relationship between each market. From the Tree1 of the Vine copula, it is found that crude oil becomes the core connecting each commodity market and the stock market during the Russia-Ukraine war. The price fluctuations of crude oil may be contagious to agricultural and precious metal markets in the same direction, while the stock market price fluctuations are inversely correlated with commodity markets. Comparison with the selected control group sample reveals that the Russia-Ukraine war increases the correlation between the markets and enhances the possibility of risk transmission. The core of the correlation structure shifts from agricultural commodities and precious metals to crude oil after the Russia-Ukraine war.

Index Time Series for Market Access - Market Access Rogers International Commodity Index UCITS ETF. The frequency of the observation is daily. Moving average series are also typically included. NA

In recent years, the international community has witnessed many crisis events, and the Russia-Ukraine war, which broke out on 24th February 2022, has increased international policy uncertainty and impacted the current world commodity and financial markets. Thus, we try to capture how the Russia-Ukraine war has affected the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets. We study six groups of commodity daily returns and one group of stock daily returns and select the sample from 24th February 2022 to 1st June 2022 as the sample during the Russia-Ukraine war; in addition, we select the sample from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020 as the sample during COVID-19 control group, and the sample from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017 as the non-extreme event control group, to explore the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets before the war, and to compare and uncover the impact of the uncertain event of the Russia-Ukraine war on the commodity and stock markets. In this paper, the marginal density function of each series is constructed using the ARMA-GARCH-std method, and the R-Vine copula model is built based on the marginal density function to analyze the correlation relationship between each market. From the Tree1 of the Vine copula, it is found that crude oil becomes the core connecting each commodity market and the stock market during the Russia-Ukraine war. The price fluctuations of crude oil may be contagious to agricultural and precious metal markets in the same direction, while the stock market price fluctuations are inversely correlated with commodity markets. Comparison with the selected control group sample reveals that the Russia-Ukraine war increases the correlation between the markets and enhances the possibility of risk transmission. The core of the correlation structure shifts from agricultural commodities and precious metals to crude oil after the Russia-Ukraine war.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed many crisis events, and the Russia-Ukraine war, which broke out on 24th February 2022, has increased international policy uncertainty and impacted the current world commodity and financial markets. Thus, we try to capture how the Russia-Ukraine war has affected the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets. We study six groups of commodity daily returns and one group of stock daily returns and select the sample from 24th February 2022 to 1st June 2022 as the sample during the Russia-Ukraine war; in addition, we select the sample from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020 as the sample during COVID-19 control group, and the sample from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2017 as the non-extreme event control group, to explore the correlation structure of international commodity and stock markets before the war, and to compare and uncover the impact of the uncertain event of the Russia-Ukraine war on the commodity and stock markets. In this paper, the marginal density function of each series is constructed using the ARMA-GARCH-std method, and the R-Vine copula model is built based on the marginal density function to analyze the correlation relationship between each market. From the Tree1 of the Vine copula, it is found that crude oil becomes the core connecting each commodity market and the stock market during the Russia-Ukraine war. The price fluctuations of crude oil may be contagious to agricultural and precious metal markets in the same direction, while the stock market price fluctuations are inversely correlated with commodity markets. Comparison with the selected control group sample reveals that the Russia-Ukraine war increases the correlation between the markets and enhances the possibility of risk transmission. The core of the correlation structure shifts from agricultural commodities and precious metals to crude oil after the Russia-Ukraine war.

Orange Juice fell to 147.99 USd/Lbs on December 2, 2025, down 0.38% from the previous day. Over the past month, Orange Juice's price has fallen 15.22%, and is down 71.10% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Orange Juice - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

Europe Commodity Trading Transaction and Risk Management - CTRM Software market size will be USD 672.83 Million by 2023

Commodity Trade Finance Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the commodity trade finance market size reached $54.7 billion globally in 2024, driven by robust cross-border trade and evolving financial instruments. The market is expanding at a steady pace, with a recorded CAGR of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033. By 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of $93.6 billion, reflecting increasing globalization, digital transformation, and the growing complexity of international commodity exchanges. A key growth factor for this sector is the rising demand for secure, efficient, and transparent financial solutions in facilitating global commodity transactions.

The growth trajectory of the commodity trade finance market is primarily propelled by the expanding volume and value of international commodity trades. As global economies recover and industrial activities normalize post-pandemic, there is a notable surge in the movement of energy, metals, and agricultural products across borders. This uptick is further supported by the increasing adoption of digital trade finance platforms, which streamline document verification, mitigate fraud risks, and enhance transaction speed. Additionally, the integration of blockchain technology is revolutionizing trade finance by providing immutable transaction records, thereby boosting trust and efficiency among trading partners. The continuous evolution of these technologies is expected to further drive market expansion by reducing operational costs and improving compliance with international trade regulations.

Another significant growth factor is the rising need for liquidity among commodity traders and producers. The inherently volatile nature of commodity prices often exposes market participants to cash flow challenges, particularly in the face of fluctuating demand and supply dynamics. Trade finance solutions such as letters of credit, guarantees, and documentary collections offer vital financial support by bridging the gap between shipment and payment, ensuring that businesses can maintain operational stability. This is especially critical for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that may lack access to traditional credit facilities. As financial institutions and trade finance houses develop more tailored products for these segments, the market is witnessing a broadening of its end-user base and a deepening of financial inclusion within the commodity trading ecosystem.

Furthermore, regulatory developments and international trade agreements are playing a pivotal role in shaping the commodity trade finance market. Governments and regulatory bodies are increasingly focusing on improving transparency, combating money laundering, and standardizing trade documentation processes. These measures are fostering greater confidence among stakeholders, encouraging higher participation from both established players and new entrants. The emergence of sustainable finance initiatives, particularly in the energy and agricultural sectors, is also influencing market trends, as stakeholders seek to align their operations with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. This regulatory momentum, coupled with ongoing innovation in financial products, is expected to sustain the marketÂ’s upward trajectory over the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific continues to dominate the commodity trade finance market, accounting for the largest share of global transactions in 2024. This dominance is underpinned by the regionÂ’s robust manufacturing base, expanding infrastructure projects, and increasing intra-regional trade flows. China, India, and Southeast Asian economies are particularly active, driving demand for both traditional and digital trade finance solutions. North America and Europe follow closely, benefiting from mature financial infrastructures and strong regulatory frameworks. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging as high-growth markets, supported by investments in mining, energy, and agricultural sectors. These regions are increasingly attracting global trade finance providers seeking to tap into new opportunities and diversify their portfolios.

Structured Trade Finance plays a crucial role in the commodity trade finance market by offering customized financial solutions that cater to the specific needs of complex trade transactions. This type of finance involve

At 3.82 U.S. dollars per gallon in October 2022, regular all formulation retail gasoline prices in the United States were considerably lower than in Hong Kong or the Central African Republic, which reported the highest gasoline prices in the world at the end of October 2022. Norway also ranked high this year. Its high gasoline prices might be one of the reasons why the country is leading the charge towards electric mobility. Gas prices in selected countries worldwide Fuel prices in different countries range from a few cents to almost two U.S. dollars per liter. Gasoline is often regarded as a key driver of a country’s economy, as it is the main fuel used in passenger vehicles and the automotive fleets of small and large businesses. The United States is one of the biggest consumers of gasoline on a per capita basis, with approximately 356 gallons of gasoline per person in 2020. Fuel prices respond to crude oil price changes One of the liquid’s main ingredients is crude oil. The spot prices of publicly traded crudes, such as U.S.-sourced WTI (West Texas Intermediate), UK Brent, and the OPEC basket grades, are highly volatile and have proven prone to inflation as of late, most recently due to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China, blockages in the Suez Canal, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Where access to oil is limited, this volatility may spur a shift towards alternative propulsion systems and fuels among a growing number of vehicle drivers. Affordability of fuel Gas prices in Europe are counted among the highest worldwide. At 7.6 U.S. dollars per gallon or more, gasoline is particularly expensive in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Greece, Finland, and the Netherlands. Car drivers in Mozambique and Madagascar feel the most pain at the pump. Some 145.7 percent of a month's wages are needed to fill up a tank in Mozambique. The low affordability of fuel is due to weak currencies, limited wage growth, and a level of prosperity that is yet to meet other markets' standards. The high price in countries such as the Netherlands and Norway is largely attributable to taxes. Other factors driving gas prices include local demand, processing and distribution costs, and the aforementioned level of crude oil prices.

Content

The dataset contains monthly prices for 70 сommodities. Columns description is available in a separate attached file.

Acknowledgements

Data is collected from the official website of The World Bank: Commodity Markets (https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets#1).

Inspiration

Data can be used for time series modelling or time series clustering methods as well as for conducting exploratory data analysis for research papers or any other scientific activity.