The global women safety software market size was USD 2.51 billion in 2024 & is projected to grow from USD 2.65 billion in 2025 to USD 4.10 billion by 2033.
Report Scope:

Women’s Travel Safety Apps Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Women’s Travel Safety Apps market size was valued at $1.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $4.8 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 16.5% during 2024–2033. The primary growth driver for this dynamic market is the rising global awareness of women's safety concerns during travel, which has prompted both technology developers and policymakers to prioritize digital solutions that empower female travelers. Increasing urbanization, a surge in solo women travelers, and the proliferation of smartphones have further accelerated the adoption of these apps, making them an essential component of the modern travel ecosystem.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the Women’s Travel Safety Apps market, accounting for more than 35% of global revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region's mature technology infrastructure, high smartphone penetration, and a strong culture of innovation among app developers. Furthermore, proactive government initiatives and stringent safety policies have fostered an environment where women’s safety is prioritized, encouraging the widespread adoption of digital safety tools. The presence of leading market players and a high level of consumer awareness have also contributed to North America's leadership position, with the United States and Canada emerging as key markets for both app development and usage.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market, registering a remarkable CAGR of 19.2% over the forecast period. This rapid expansion is fueled by the increasing number of women travelers, rising safety concerns, and greater smartphone adoption in countries such as India, China, Japan, and South Korea. Governments and local authorities in these nations are also investing in digital safety solutions and public awareness campaigns, which are driving demand for women’s travel safety apps. Additionally, the region’s burgeoning middle class, coupled with increased international and domestic travel, is spurring investments from both local startups and global technology giants seeking to tap into this lucrative and underserved market.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are experiencing a gradual yet significant uptick in the adoption of women’s travel safety apps. However, these markets face unique challenges, including limited digital infrastructure, lower smartphone penetration, and varying levels of public awareness about travel safety. Despite these obstacles, localized demand is growing, particularly in urban centers where women’s mobility is increasing and safety concerns are more pronounced. Policy reforms and international partnerships are beginning to address these gaps, but the pace of adoption remains contingent on broader socio-economic development and the implementation of supportive regulatory frameworks.

Report Scope

Women’s inclusion, justice, and security are more critical than ever in the midst of a pandemic that has wreaked havoc around the world. This year’s global report, the third since the inaugural edition in 2017, finds a slowdown in the pace of improvement in the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Index and widening disparities across countries. The range of scores on the 2021 WPS Index is vast, with Norway at the top scoring more than three times better than Afghanistan at the bottom. The range of scores is much wider than in 2017, when the score of the top performer was about twice that of the worst performer. This widening gap reflects rising inequality in the status of women across countries: countries at the top continue to improve while those at the bottom get worse, mirroring global trends in wealth and income inequality.

The index captures and quantifies the three dimensions of women’s inclusion (economic, social, political), justice (formal laws and informal discrimination), and security (at the individual, community, and societal levels) through 11 indicators (figure 1).

Globally, WPS Index scores have risen an average of 9 percent since 2017 and at above-average rates in 31 countries. Score improved more than 5 percent in 90 countries. Six of the top ten score improvers are in Sub-Saharan Africa.1 And current global levels of organized violence are significantly below the 2014 peak, despite a moderate uptick between 2019 and 2020.

We argue that a country’s international security context influences individual bias against female leaders and propose three mechanisms: by increasing individual demand for defense, by shaping individual ideological orientations, and by increasing society's level of militarization. Using survey data of more than 200,000 individuals in 84 countries, we show the more hostile the country’s security environment, the more individuals are likely to agree that men make better political leaders than do women. We also find support for some of our proposed mechanisms and that the effect of security environments is greater for men than women. Our study presents the first cross-national evidence that the country’s international security environment correlates with bias against women leaders.

A survey conducted among global experts about the factors that make a country unsafe found India the most dangerous country for women in 2018, based on rankings. India ranked number one in the culture and religion, sexual violence and human trafficking categories. The country was perceived as most dangerous for women in terms of cultural, tribal and religious traditions or customary practices, in addition to the sexual violence. The latter included rape and forced labor, marriage and/or sexual slavery.

Violence against women The majority of women in India, regardless of age group, do not feel safe being alone. Be it on the streets, in the markets or supermarkets or even at work or home. Going out alone after dark is usually ridden with fear of being sexually harassed or raped. In 2018, over 33 thousand rape cases were reported in India, while approximately one-third of all women in India claim to have experienced some form of sexual crime.

Marriage and women’s empowerment

The third millennium development goal, set to be fulfilled by 2015, was to ensure gender equality and empower women. Figures show, however, that this was far from fulfilled. The position of a woman in Indian society is determined by her marital status. If she is married, she is considered secure, settled and complete in society. For this reason, marriage below the legal in many social groups is not uncommon.

Studies suggest that the general perception relative to equal rights for women in India is considered to be an issue that has been overstated, or considered unreasonable due to cultural biases and myopic views. Empowerment studies indicate that the only weapon to counter sexual and gender discrimination is education.

The research sought to contribute to a gender-sensitive understanding of the interaction between economic and socio-cultural drivers of labour migrations in different cities: Erbil in Kurdistan-Iraq; Beirut in Lebanon; Islamabad in Pakistan; and Istanbul in Turkey. While migration remains a key issue globally, relatively little work has been done on gender migrations in the Global South, and what has been done has largely focussed on domestic and care work, without including higher-skilled migrants.

The project addresses this gap by interviewing approximately 25 women and NGO workers in each city and was designed to go beyond domestic work by looking at a range of labour sectors where women play active roles. In doing so, this research contributes to a better understanding of, the global circulation of gendered labour that is occurring, the drivers of this movement, women’s rights and agency, and how migrant women use urban spaces, within these contexts.

This project was designed with specific attention to researcher power dynamics. It was conducted with (not on) researchers in the Global South, thus aiming to produce knowledge from the South rather than to impose knowledge from the North. The multi-context project design also brings forward a rich comparative analysis of societies in South Asia and the Middle East – going beyond one country and nation-state borders.

Key findings of the project are:

• Gendered migrations in the Middle East and South Asia are diverse In terms of educational level, occupations, nationalities and rights and include migrant women from the Global South and North.

• Discriminatory practices in home countries inform migration. In each of the four countries there were discriminatory practices and patriarchal norms in their home countries that influenced the women’s migration (e.g., sexual violence, domestic violence, discriminatory employment practices because they are women, discrimination against their SOGIE identity, no legal rights to divorce).

• Women are treated differently based on their race, country of origin, and social capital within a given context. Women from diverse backgrounds faced distinct forms of discrimination based on their intersectional identities. For example, in Turkey, cultural capital is important. Women from North America, in particular those who were educated with university degrees were often able to find good work as teachers, journalists, or translators. In contrast, the women interviewed from the former Soviet Union, who were also educated, went through a process of de-skilling after migration – now working as cleaners or live-in carers. This happens in-part because they have less cultural capital in the Turkish context.

• Education levels amongst the women were high, but the value placed on that education once in the country of migration was mixed. Despite relatively high levels of education, many of the women still faced significant hurdles in finding commensurate employment opportunities.

• Women’s agency can be both amplified and strained in migration contexts. Most women showed agency in their choice to migrate away from their home countries and in their efforts to improve their life conditions. However, women's agency in these contexts was strained by structural inequalities and violence that inhibited and moulded their ability to participate in the labour market. For example, two of the Syrian women interviewed in Lebanon described how they ended up in sex work, despite this not being their choice or aspiration.

• Personal networks based on nationality play a key role in women’s lives. Interviews revealed that rather than relying on formal trade unions or collective forms of organising, many women used personal networks based on nationality to build community and advance their working conditions and livelihoods.

• Recruitment agencies have a lot of control and power. Recruitment agencies also shape who migrates because they have bilateral agreements with agencies in countries of origin. They can influence and shape the flow of who and under what conditions migrants are allowed to enter the country. This is particularly the case in Lebanon where they blocked changes to the Kafala system

The GCRF Gender, Justice and Security Hub will deliver innovative interdisciplinary research on the challenge of achieving gender justice and inclusive security in conflict-affected societies. The Hub addresses the overlapping of three major policy areas: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 on gender equality; SDG 16 on peace, inclusivity and justice; and the implementation of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The UK is a global leader on these issues, particularly gender equality, which is at the heart of UK Aid Strategy as well as a national security priority. Yet in each of these areas, progress has been frustratingly slow, and in some cases has stalled altogether. The Hub will develop an evidence base on the intersections of gender, justice and security; expand research capacity in collaboration with international partners; and make use of unrivalled links with leading ambassadors for gender justice (Hub Champions) to translate research into impact for the achievement of sustainable peace.

Promoting the conditions for gender justice and inclusive security requires a broad vision, ability to unite disparate specialisms, develop capacity across the sites where the development challenge is most intense, and provide independent scrutiny of policy initiatives. A diverse team of PI and co-investigators, widely regarded as experts in gender studies, development, justice and/or WPS, will lead the research. The Hub will pursue its key questions through four projects - on Transformation & Empowerment; Land, Livelihoods & Rights; Migration & Displacement; and Masculinities & Sexualities, as well as two cross-cutting work streams on Law & Policy Frameworks and Methodological Innovation. The challenge the Hub confronts is global, but appears in different ways across contexts. To generate detailed knowledge from which to draw scalable conclusions and recommendations, the Hub will focus on eight core cases: Afghanistan, Colombia, Iraq, Lebanon, Myanmar, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka and Uganda. While each is distinctive in its experiences and timelines of conflict, the cases are broadly geographically representative and are all significantly conflict-affected.

The Hub structure is designed to build deep and lasting links between researchers, project partners, policy makers, civil society actors and vulnerable groups. In addition to a range of academic outputs (monographs; journal articles; visual materials; working papers; policy reports) specific to each project, the Hub will yield several other outputs of significance for the wider research community: new datasets on transitional justice, women's empowerment and subsequent backlash, and post-conflict reconciliation; a major 'Global Gender, Justice and Security' report, with researchers from across the Hub contributing data and chapters; and an innovative web portal providing wide access to Hub research. The portal will be the Hub's main site of public engagement, featuring videos, podcasts and case studies of the development challenge and effective responses to it, as well as serving as a resource beyond the end of the award.

While the Hub will be housed administratively at the LSE Centre for WPS, its activities will be most evident in the eight core countries. Hub workshops will be held in each one throughout the grant, to include knowledge exchange, research presentation and development, leadership team meetings to identify project synergies and forward plan, visits from Hub Champions, policy meetings, networking and collaboration opportunities and expert-led training. Hub institutions have committed to providing access to research methods courses for researchers from the core countries.

The Hub's activities will be geared towards achieving five forms of impact (including policy and institutional reform and capacity building), in partnership with global south researchers and civil society, to the benefit of those currently facing gender insecurity and injustice.

Abstract

Violence against women (VAW), in its many forms and manifestations, and across all settings, is a violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Around the world, many women experience violence regardless of age, class, race and ethnicity. Most of this violence is driven by the fact that they are women, and related to gender roles in society. Violence against women is predominately perpetrated by men, and most often by intimate partners. According to most recent global estimates, 35% of women aged 15 years or older globally have experienced physical and/or sexual violence during their lifetime (Devries et al., 2013; WHO, 2013). Intimate partner violence is the leading cause of homicide in women globally (Stockl et al., 2013) and has many other major short- and long-term health consequences (WHO, 2013). The economic and social costs associated with VAW are significant, and global evidence shows that violence consistently undermines development efforts at various levels, affecting physical, human and social capital (WHO, 2005). In Cambodia, the state of research on violence against women points toward widespread experiences of violence across the country (CDHS, 2012; Fulu et al., 21013). Women of all cultures and classes are subjected to many forms of physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence. This includes, but is not limited to intimate partner violence (IPV), rape and sexual assault, sexual harassment, acid violence and trafficking (MoWA, 2008). The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has made a strong commitment to addressing violence against women by introducing a number of legislative and policy reforms including domestic violence legislation and a national action plan. Cambodia has demonstrated its strong commitment to promoting gender equality and ending VAW by ratifying several core international human rights conventions. In addition, there is widespread recognition among Cambodian government leaders that having quality data on the prevalence and health and other consequences of different forms of VAW is essential to increase awareness, inform evidencebased programming and policies, including the NAPVAW, and to monitor progress in the implementations of such interventions. Between 2014-2015, to fill the identified knowledge gaps, the Royal Government of Cambodia with support from the World Health Organization (WHO) and UN Women conducted a national prevalence study using the WHO multicountry study methodology. This methodology was selected because it has been widely used and is known to produce reliable data, that can be used for cross-country comparisons, and it adheres to internationally recognized ethical and safety standards.

Specific Objectives: Among specific objectives, the following deserve special mention:

ESTIMATE THE PREVALENCE AND FREQUENCY of different forms of VAW: physical, sexual, emotional and economic violence against women by intimate partners, as well as sexual and physical violence by perpetrators other than partners (in this document also referred to as ‘nonpartners’) since the age of 15, and sexual violence before the age of 15;

DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION of physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence with a range of health and other outcomes;

IDENTIFY FACTORS that may be associated with either reducing (protective factors) or increasing (risk factors) women’s risk of hysical and/or sexual intimate partner violence; DOCUMENT THE STRATEGIES and services that women use to cope with violence by an intimate partner.

INCREASE NATIONAL CAPACITY and collaboration among researchers and women’s organisations working on domestic violence;

INCREASE AWARENESS about and sensitivity to partner violence among researchers, policymakers and health care providers;

CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT of a network of people committed to addressing

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

All resident households in Cambodia

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

• The survey sample design was developed by the NIS in the Ministry of Planning. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used based on a sampling frame that took into consideration the 24 provinces in the country delineated into a total of 225 districts for a total of 14,172 "villages" or 28,701 enumeration areas (EAs) in the country. The sample is self-weighted at the household level.

• The results achieved on VAW 2015 sampling design is already completed and describes as follows: a.Two level of survey results will be produces as: first at National level and second sub-national (Urban and Rural) b.Survey methods of VAW 2015 were designed bases on the three- stage stratified cluster sampling. b1. First stage: selected the sample Enumeration area consisting of 200 sample EAs b2. Second stage: selected the sample households consisting of 4,000 households b3. Selected the sample Women consisting of 4,000 eligible women

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

The questionnaire was programmed into electronic format using CAPI software, which allowed interviewers to enter the responses to questions directly into the electronic devises that were uploaded on a daily basis. Data entry was therefore not required. The software directly checked internal consistency, range and error checking, and skip patterns of the responses at the point of entering the answers during the interview. The uploaded files were aggregated at a central level and were immediately available for data analysis.

Response rate

Eligible woman response rate: 98% Household response rate: 99.5% Household refused: 0.5%

Sampling error estimates

Sample size calculations: Z (95% Confidence Interval), the value of 1.96 P = 30%. In many countries were data are available, lifetime intimate partner sexual violence often reaches 25-30% and lifetime intimate partner physical violence is 65-70%. In a normal distribution the highest variance for a factor would be at the 50% level (resulting in needing a very large sample) and the lowest variance would be at the extremes (needing the smallest sample). We compromise at 30% which is identical to assuming 70% so the resulting sample size is large, but not unmanageable. DEFF = 2. We have used this value for all the national surveys, to date. E = 0.02291. We calculate the sample size using margin of error 2.291%.

The sample size results are as follow: Confidence Level :1.96 Margin of Error (MOE): 0.02291 Baseline levels of the indicator: 0.3 Design effect (Deff): 2 Sample size (n) - Female: 3,074

Description Trigger warning: The data in this competition can contain graphic descriptions of or extensive discussion of abuse, especially sexual abuse or torture.

Gender-based violence, or GBV, is an ongoing and ever-resent scourge around the world and is particularly prevalent in developing and least-developed countries. Gender-based violence also increased in many parts of the world during the COVID-19 pandemic.

One of the greatest challenges in combating GBV is the ‘culture of silence’, where victims of violence are scared, ashamed, or intimidated to discuss their experiences with others and often do not report their experiences to authorities.

Another challenge faced by victims is achieving justice for their abusers. Some may not be aware of support systems, or not know where and how to report the perpetrators.

Victims may find safety sharing their experiences online (as evidenced by the #MeToo movement), allowing them to get more support in an anonymous and safe way.

The objective of this challenge is to create a machine-learning algorithm that classifies tweets about GBV into one of five categories: sexual violence, emotional violence, harmful traditional practices, physical violence, and economic violence.

Your solutions can be used to summarise tweets and present evidence to policymakers and law enforcement agencies. Along with the classification algorithm, statistics about when and who made the tweet can be used to find trends while preserving anonymity.

About SDG5: Gender Equality

Gender equality is a fundamental and inviolable human right and women’s and girls’ empowerment is essential to expand economic growth, promote social development and enhance business performance. The full incorporation of women’s capacities into labor forces would add percentage points to most national growth rates – double digits in many cases. Further, investing in women’s empowerment produces the double dividend of benefiting women and children, and is pivotal to the health and social development of families, communities, and nations.

Empowering women and girls and achieving gender equality requires the concerted efforts of all stakeholders, including businesses. All companies have baseline responsibilities to respect human rights, including the rights of women and girls. Beyond these baseline responsibilities, companies also have the opportunity to support the empowerment of women and girls through core business, social investment, public policy engagement, and partnerships. As the engine for 90 percent of jobs in developing countries, technological innovation, capital creation, and investment, responsible business is critical to the advancement of women’s and girls’ empowerment around the world. With a growing business case, private sector leaders are increasingly developing and adapting policies and practices, and implementing cutting-edge initiatives, to advance women’s empowerment within their workplaces, marketplaces, and communities. The launch of the SDGs in September provides a tremendous opportunity for companies to further align their strategies and operations with global priorities by mainstreaming gender equality into all areas of corporate sustainability and systematically and strategically scaling up actions that support the development and livelihoods of women and girls.

About Trigger warning: The data in this competition can contain graphic descriptions of or extensive discussion of abuse, especially sexual abuse or torture.

The data was collected from Twitter using a Python library (twint) by Ambassador Lawrence Moruye for the AFD Gender-Based Violence Dataset Collection Challenge.

The objective of this challenge is to create a machine-learning algorithm that classifies tweets about GBV into one of five categories: sexual violence, emotional violence, harmful traditional practices, physical violence, and economic violence.

This statistic displays the distribution of executive management in the global mining industry in the top 500 listed mining company that included women in 2014, by country. At this time, **** percent of executive management positions in the ******* mining companies were filled by women. The mining industry holds one of the smallest shares of women on boards in comparison to other industries, with the exception of oil and gas. Arguments behind the lack of women in this industry often list inhospitable locations, too much travel, lack of women with technical skills, and cultural and health and safety issues.

The number of reported sexual offences in Denmark increased significantly since 2015. That year, less than 3,000 sexual offences were reported, a number that had increased to over 9,500 as of 2022. A vast majority of the victims are women. In December 2020, the Danish parliament passed a law based on sexual consent, following the example of the neighboring country Sweden.

Victims of criminal offences  In 2021, the number of reported victims of crime in Denmark dropped below 60,000. The most common crime experienced by Danes was violent crimes. The number of male victims was higher than female victims.

Safe country  In general, Denmark is considered a safe and peaceful country. In 2022, it ranked sixth in the ranking of the most peaceful countries in the world. Its Global Peace Index was 1.3. The following applies here: the lower the index value, the higher the peacefulness. This index measures the level of safety, the extent of current domestic and international conflicts, as well as the extent of militarization.

In 2022, it was estimated that the national femicide rate in Mexico stood at 1.43 cases per 100,000 women. Three years earlier, the number of Mexican women murdered on account of their gender reached the highest rate at least since 2017, exceeding 1.5 victims per 100,000 female inhabitants. Femicides still on the rise Ranked as the second-highest nation for femicides in Latin America, just below Brazil, Mexico's cases show a considerable improvement, recording over 797 in 2024, the third year in a row with a decreasing figure. Nonetheless, this count is perceived as even higher by most of the population due to the substantial number of unreported and uninvestigated instances. The prevalent concern among the public centers around the consistent nature of these aggressive crimes. A disconcerting pattern emerges, with many perpetrators having familial or communal affiliations. In response, the government has introduced social initiatives, including helplines, but the outcomes have fallen short of expectations. Moreover, the government's lack of interest and effectiveness has spurred social activism, advocating for justice and enhanced safety measures for the female population. Gender gap in the economy Embedded within a cultural framework marked by entrenched sexist attitudes, stereotypes, and patriarchal norms, Mexico holds the 33rd position on the global gender index. This index underscores a heightened gender disparity concerning economic participation, culminating in a widening gender pay gap. Over time, female labor force participation has consistently trailed that of their male counterparts, with women predominantly occupying informal employment positions and accounting for around two-thirds of the female population working non-remunerated jobs. Furthermore, glaring disparities are more evident in media and governmental roles.

Change in Employment April 2019-April 2020 for Selected Countries (in percent)Change in Post-Support Labour Income by Gender for Countries with Available Data, Second Quarter of 2020 (in percent) Percent of Women and Men Whose Time Spent on Unpaid Work Increased Since Start of PandemicDecomposition of Global Employment Losses, 2020 (in percent)

Nuclear energy, nuclear power plants. Corruption. Gender equality. Health and healthcare. Management of natural disasters.

Topics: 1. Nuclear power: positive or negative associations with nuclear power; risks and benefits of nuclear power; contact with nuclear power issues in the past (visited a nuclear power plant, lived in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant, worked on nuclear energy issues); preferred sources of information about nuclear power; knowledge test on nuclear energy (EU as the largest nuclear energy producer, nuclear power plants are the only sources of radioactive waste, one third of Europe´s energy is produced by nuclear power plants, construction of new nuclear power plants in the own country); self-rated knowledge about the safety of nuclear power plants; most trusted sources of information on the safety of nuclear power plants; sufficient provision of information about the risks and benefits of different types of energy in school and through the media; assessment of nuclear power plants as a personal threat; assessment of the medial representation of nuclear incidents as exaggerated; attitude towards selected statements: safe operation of nuclear power plants is possible, national legislation ensures nuclear safety, national nuclear safety authority and companies ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants, safe disposal of nuclear waste, security against terrorism and criminal use; attitude towards the following statements on nuclear energy: helps to limit global warming, independence from imported fuels such as gas and oil, guarantees low and stable energy prices; reasons for and against extending the lifetime of nuclear power plants; attitude towards a reduction or increase of nuclear energy as a proportion of all energy sources; assessment of the benefits of an EU legislation on nuclear waste management; preferred site for a nuclear power plant (own country, another EU country outside the EU); preferred decision-making body in adapting and developing the energy supply (citizens, NGOs, or government agencies); interest in information on the safety of nuclear power plants; summarized assessment of the risks and benefits.

1. Corruption: opinion on corruption: is a big problem, assessment of existing corruption in local, regional, national, and EU institutions, successful prosecutions discourage from corruption; assumed spreading of corruption in selected areas; self-experienced corruption in the last 12 months; assessment of the causes for corruption; opinion on the fight against corruption: effective efforts of national governments, lenient court judgments, helpful support by the EU in the fight against corruption in the own country; assessment of the responsibility for preventing and fighting corruption; most trustworthy body for complaints in corruption cases.

2. Gender equality: occurrence of gender inequality; comparison with 10 years ago; opinion on the work of women: usually work less, number of working women in the own country is too low; preferred measures to increase the number of working women; unequal pay as a matter of urgency for the EU; important measures to reduce the gender pay gap; opinion on the employment of women: non-employment leads to isolation, father should give up his job to look after the children if his pay is lower than the one of the mother, childcare facilities costs are often higher than the additional income of the mother, career of the mother must be kept back for raising children, own income is indispensable for women, more men in education, role of men in the household; attitude towards men in child rearing and household; appropriate measures to improve the balance between work and family life; urgency to increase the proportion of women in parliament; most important measures to achieve a higher proportion of women; opinion on women in positions of responsibility: lower career orientation of women, less freedom due to obligations in family life, working life is dominated by men, too low-skilled women; assessment of the urgency to take action against violence against women; assessment of the urgency to take action against a higher risk of poverty for single mothers and older women; assessment of the occurrence of sexism in politics, media, work life, state institutions; areas where gender inequality occurs, and preferred measures at national or EU level; responsibility for gender equality in the state government or the EU; sufficiency of the measures made by the EU to combat gender inequality; successes in the last 10 years; reception of the actions taken by the EU to combat gender inequality in the media: equality of opportunity for all, gender equality in the workplace, empowerment of women in politics and business, increase the number of childcare facilities, increase the proportion of women in scientific research, strengthen gender equality in the context of the European structural funds, trafficking of women, combat sexism, strengthen...

The future of Europe. Attitude towards the European Single Market and transborder purchases. Consumer protection. Family planning.

Topics: 1. Questions regarding Europe: frequency of own opinion leadership; time of last internet use; happy with the family life, with the current occupation, and with living in the own country; financial difficulties at the end of the month; associations with the words “European Union”; visit to another EU country; reading books, magazines, and newspapers in a foreign language as well as contact with other EU citizens in the last year; frequency of political discussions with friends on national and European matters; assessment of the EU membership of the own country as a good thing; preference for more or less decision-making at European level with regard to: the fight against unemployment, the protection of social rights, ensuring economic growth, the fight against organised crime and terrorism, ensuring food safety, the protection of the environment, the prevention of major health issues, equal treatment of men and women, the protection of agriculture, the global promotion of democracy and peace, cooperation in research and innovation, ensuring continuous energy provision; image of the European Union as modern, democratic, protective, inefficient, and technocratic; assessment of the progress in the economic and political unification of Europe, and in the cultural cooperation; helpful issues for the future of Europe: common language, well defined external EU borders, introduction of the euro in all EU countries, comparable living standards, common army and constitution; most positive result of the European unification (peace among the member states, free movement of persons, services, and goods, the euro, student exchange programmes such as ERASMUS, common agricultural policy); issue competence of the European Union (scale: fight against unemployment, protection of social and human rights, ensuring economic growth, fight against organised crime and terrorism, food safety, environmental protection, prevention of major health issues, equal treatment of men and women, protection of agriculture, helping poor people in the world, worldwide promotion of democracy and peace, cooperation in research and innovation, ensuring energy provision); assessment of the direction of development in the own country and in the European Union; attitude towards the harmonisation of the social welfare systems within the EU; assessment of the economic development in the own country without the introduction of the euro (vulnerability of the national currency on foreign exchange markets, higher inflation, more competitive economy); opinion on globalisation (is improving opportunities for national companies or is a threat to employment and companies); attitude towards the EU enlargement (scale: increases problems on the national job market, price reduction of many products, improves the influence of the EU in the world); feeling towards further EU enlargement; aspects that strengthen the feeling about being a European citizen; preferred measures of political participation; willingness to participate in European wide referenda or petitions (scale); knowledge test on the European Union; interest in national and European affairs.

1. Transborder purchases: purchase of goods or services via the internet, by phone, by post, or from a sales representative from a seller or provider located in the own country, in another EU member state, or outside the EU; shopping trip to another EU country or purchasing products or services during a holiday or business trip in the last 12 months; total value of these goods or services (classified); problems with purchases via the internet, by phone, by post, or from a sales representative; return of a product or cancelling of a contract within the cooling-off period; purchase of or sign up to selected financial services in the last year; purchase of these financial services via the internet, by phone, or by post from a seller or provider located in the own country, in another EU member state, or outside the EU; problems related to the purchase of financial services; main barriers to purchasing financial services from a provider located in another EU country compared with the conditions in the own country; frequency of the perception of advertisements for the purchase directly from providers located in other EU countries; experience with advertisements: received unsolicited advertising...

Slovakia SK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 1,147.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 971.000 Person for 2020. Slovakia SK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 692.000 Person from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,147.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 448.000 Person in 2009. Slovakia SK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For the Slovak Republic, data before 1994 refer to the Research and Development Base (RDB) and cover the whole activity of institutions and not only R&D. Defence R&D was totally excluded until 1997 and only partially included thereafter.

Since 2002, a new budget classification compatible with COFOG enables the identification of government budget allocations for defence R&D. The defence category includes R&D allocations for defence, safety, and security of the country. For earlier years, defence R&D was included in the GBARD total.