In 2024, the number of data compromises in the United States stood at 3,158 cases. Meanwhile, over 1.35 billion individuals were affected in the same year by data compromises, including data breaches, leakage, and exposure. While these are three different events, they have one thing in common. As a result of all three incidents, the sensitive data is accessed by an unauthorized threat actor. Industries most vulnerable to data breaches Some industry sectors usually see more significant cases of private data violations than others. This is determined by the type and volume of the personal information organizations of these sectors store. In 2024 the financial services, healthcare, and professional services were the three industry sectors that recorded most data breaches. Overall, the number of healthcare data breaches in some industry sectors in the United States has gradually increased within the past few years. However, some sectors saw decrease. Largest data exposures worldwide In 2020, an adult streaming website, CAM4, experienced a leakage of nearly 11 billion records. This, by far, is the most extensive reported data leakage. This case, though, is unique because cyber security researchers found the vulnerability before the cyber criminals. The second-largest data breach is the Yahoo data breach, dating back to 2013. The company first reported about one billion exposed records, then later, in 2017, came up with an updated number of leaked records, which was three billion. In March 2018, the third biggest data breach happened, involving India’s national identification database Aadhaar. As a result of this incident, over 1.1 billion records were exposed.

Overview

The RT-IoT2022, a proprietary dataset derived from a real-time IoT infrastructure, is introduced as a comprehensive resource integrating a diverse range of IoT devices and sophisticated network attack methodologies. This dataset encompasses both normal and adversarial network behaviours, providing a general representation of real-world scenarios. Incorporating data from IoT devices such as ThingSpeak-LED, Wipro-Bulb, and MQTT-Temp, as well as simulated attack scenarios involving Brute-Force SSH attacks, DDoS attacks using Hping and Slowloris, and Nmap patterns, RT-IoT2022 offers a detailed perspective on the complex nature of network traffic. The bidirectional attributes of network traffic are meticulously captured using the Zeek network monitoring tool and the Flowmeter plugin. Researchers can leverage the RT-IoT2022 dataset to advance the capabilities of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), fostering the development of robust and adaptive security solutions for real-time IoT networks.

Introductory Paper Quantized autoencoder (QAE) intrusion detection system for anomaly detection in resource-constrained IoT devices using RT-IoT2022 dataset By B. S. Sharmila, Rohini Nagapadma. 2023 Published in Cybersecurity

Variable Table available here: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/dataset/942/rt-iot2022

Column Details: id.orig_p id.resp_p proto service flow_duration fwd_pkts_tot bwd_pkts_tot fwd_data_pkts_tot bwd_data_pkts_tot fwd_pkts_per_sec bwd_pkts_per_sec flow_pkts_per_sec down_up_ratio fwd_header_size_tot fwd_header_size_min fwd_header_size_max bwd_header_size_tot bwd_header_size_min bwd_header_size_max flow_FIN_flag_count flow_SYN_flag_count flow_RST_flag_count fwd_PSH_flag_count bwd_PSH_flag_count flow_ACK_flag_count fwd_URG_flag_count bwd_URG_flag_count flow_CWR_flag_count flow_ECE_flag_count fwd_pkts_payload.min fwd_pkts_payload.max fwd_pkts_payload.tot fwd_pkts_payload.avg fwd_pkts_payload.std bwd_pkts_payload.min bwd_pkts_payload.max bwd_pkts_payload.tot bwd_pkts_payload.avg bwd_pkts_payload.std flow_pkts_payload.min flow_pkts_payload.max flow_pkts_payload.tot flow_pkts_payload.avg flow_pkts_payload.std fwd_iat.min fwd_iat.max fwd_iat.tot fwd_iat.avg fwd_iat.std bwd_iat.min bwd_iat.max bwd_iat.tot bwd_iat.avg bwd_iat.std flow_iat.min flow_iat.max flow_iat.tot flow_iat.avg flow_iat.std payload_bytes_per_second fwd_subflow_pkts bwd_subflow_pkts fwd_subflow_bytes bwd_subflow_bytes fwd_bulk_bytes bwd_bulk_bytes fwd_bulk_packets bwd_bulk_packets fwd_bulk_rate bwd_bulk_rate active.min active.max active.tot active.avg active.std idle.min idle.max idle.tot idle.avg idle.std fwd_init_window_size bwd_init_window_size fwd_last_window_size Attack_type

Class Labels

The Dataset contains both Attack patterns and Normal Patterns. Attacks patterns Details: 1. DOS_SYN_Hping------------------------94659 2. ARP_poisioning--------------------------7750 3. NMAP_UDP_SCAN--------------------2590 4. NMAP_XMAS_TREE_SCAN--------2010 5. NMAP_OS_DETECTION-------------2000 6. NMAP_TCP_scan-----------------------1002 7. DDOS_Slowloris------------------------534 8. Metasploit_Brute_Force_SSH---------37 9. NMAP_FIN_SCAN---------------------28 Normal Patterns Details:

1. MQTT -----------------------------------8108
2. Thing_speak-----------------------------4146
3. Wipro_bulb_Dataset-------------------253

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) cyber attacks worldwide amounted to over *** million in 2022. Over the recent years, this figure has increased significantly from around ** million detected cases in 2018. In the latest measured year, the year-over-year increase in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) malware incidents was ** percent.

During the third quarter of 2024, data breaches exposed more than *** million records worldwide. Since the first quarter of 2020, the highest number of data records were exposed in the first quarter of ***, more than *** million data sets. Data breaches remain among the biggest concerns of company leaders worldwide. The most common causes of sensitive information loss were operating system vulnerabilities on endpoint devices. Which industries see the most data breaches? Meanwhile, certain conditions make some industry sectors more prone to data breaches than others. According to the latest observations, the public administration experienced the highest number of data breaches between 2021 and 2022. The industry saw *** reported data breach incidents with confirmed data loss. The second were financial institutions, with *** data breach cases, followed by healthcare providers. Data breach cost Data breach incidents have various consequences, the most common impact being financial losses and business disruptions. As of 2023, the average data breach cost across businesses worldwide was **** million U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, a leaked data record cost about *** U.S. dollars. The United States saw the highest average breach cost globally, at **** million U.S. dollars.

operating system

In 2023, the monetary damage caused by cybercrime reported to the United States' Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) saw a year-over-year increase of around 21 percent, amounting to a historical peak of 12.5 billion U.S. dollars. Cybercrime in the U.S. Cybercrime continues to be one of the biggest challenges for governments around the world. In the United States, phishing and personal data breaches were among the most reported categories of cybercrime in 2022, with over 300 thousand people falling victim to phishing attacks. Additionally, data breaches cost the U.S. organizations over nine million U.S. dollars on average as of January 2023. Identity theft is a serious issue in the U.S. Along with other reported online crimes, identity theft was a prevalent issue that affected millions of people in the United States. The country ranked second globally in reported cases of identity theft, with an estimated 13.5 million Americans falling victim to this crime. As a result, millions of users had their lives turned upside down. In January 2023, 43 percent of identity theft victims reported wasting their time resolving issues, while 33 percent had no choice but to freeze their credit cards. Furthermore, sometimes threat actors targeted seniors, as in 2022, more than 4800 individuals over 60 reported being victims of identity theft.

These cybersecurity statistics will help you understand the state of online security and give you a better idea of what it takes to protect yourself.

Market Overview The Internet Breach and Attack Simulation (IBAS) market is projected to reach a value of USD XX million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033. This market growth is primarily driven by the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks, the need for organizations to comply with data protection regulations, and the rise of cloud computing and remote work. The increasing adoption of IBAS solutions enables organizations to identify and address vulnerabilities in their systems, improve their security posture, and enhance their resilience against cyber threats. Competitive Landscape and Regional Trends The IBAS market is highly competitive, with numerous established vendors and emerging players offering a range of solutions. Key players include Qualys, Rapid7, DXC Technology, AttackIQ, and Cymulate. The market is also witnessing the emergence of several promising startups that are leveraging advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop innovative IBAS solutions. Regionally, North America holds the largest market share due to the presence of major technology companies and stringent data protection regulations. However, the Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa regions are expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years due to rising cybersecurity awareness and the increasing adoption of cloud services.

Snapshot img

Internet Security Market Size 2024-2028

The internet security market size is forecast to increase by USD 18.63 billion at a CAGR of 8.53% between 2023 and 2028. The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing number of cyber threats targeting large enterprises. With the rise of digital technologies, there is a growing need for advanced network security solutions to protect against hacking, phishing, and other malicious activities. The adoption of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) policies, remote work, and digital transactions has created new security gaps, making it essential for organizations to invest in specialized expertise and data protection systems. Managed Security Service providers (MSSPs) are gaining popularity as they offer cost-effective threat protection and digital privacy systems. The healthcare sector, in particular, is under immense pressure to secure customer healthcare records from breaches. As digital technologies continue to evolve, it is crucial for businesses to stay updated and implement strong security measures to safeguard their assets.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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The Market is a dynamic and evolving industry that focuses on protecting digital technologies, e-commerce platforms, and critical infrastructure from cyberattacks. The market encompasses various solutions such as network security, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and advanced security solutions. Digital transactions and remote work have increased the risk of digital attacks, including data breaches, phishing, malware, and hacking. Enterprise security solutions are in high demand, particularly in sectors like healthcare, where sensitive data is a priority. Cloud technologies and virtual private network have revolutionized the way businesses operate, leading to an increased focus on cloud security. The Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced new vulnerabilities, managed security service necessitating advanced security solutions.

Further, data protection is a major concern, with machine learning and artificial intelligence being used to detect and prevent cyberattacks. Certified Ethical Hacking and other cybersecurity certifications are essential for professionals in the field. Antivirus, antimalware, intrusion detection, and security information are fundamental security solutions that continue to be relevant. In conclusion, the Market is a vital industry that addresses the ever-evolving threat landscape of digital technologies such as wireless router. It offers a range of solutions to protect against digital attacks, including network security solutions, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and advanced security solutions. The market is expected to grow as businesses and individuals continue to rely on digital technologies for transactions, communication, and data storage.

Market Segmentation

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Solution

  Products
  Services


Geography

  North America

    US


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Solution Insights

The products segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. In the market, large enterprises are investing heavily in advanced network security solutions to mitigate cyber threats and protect digital privacy systems. The demand for security services is on the rise, particularly in sectors with significant customer healthcare records and digital transactions, such as healthcare and finance.

The adoption of digital technologies for remote work and digital transactions has exposed new security gaps, leading to an increased need for specialized expertise in threat protection. hardware security components, including firewalls and intrusion detection and prevention systems, are seeing increased sales due to their ability to secure network infrastructures. Security software, which automates and enhances network monitoring, is also gaining popularity, especially in the automotive and healthcare sectors, where easy integration with IoT applications is crucial.

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The products segment accounted for USD 19.37 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Insights

APAC is estimated to contribute 37% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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The market in the US is witn

This dataset accompanies the research article on MQTTEEB-D and is intended for public use in cybersecurity research. The MQTTEEB-D dataset is a practical real-world data set for intrusion detection improvement in Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)-based Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In contrast to already existing datasets that are constructed on simulated network traffic, MQTTEEB-D is obtained from a real-time IoT deployment at the International University of Rabat (UIR), Morocco. Using MySignals IoT health sensors, Raspberry Pi 4, and an MQTT broker server, this dataset represents the actual complexity of the active IoT communication process, which synthetic data fails to offer. To narrow the gap between simulated and real-world attack scenarios, various cyberattacks including Denial of Service (DoS), Slow DoS against Internet of Things Environments (SlowITe), Malformed Data Injection, Brute Force, and MQTT publish flooding were carried out in real-time, permitting close monitoring of network traffic anomalies. The data was captured using Python wrapper for tshark (PyShark) and organized into multiple Comma-Separated Values (CSV) files. To ensure high data quality, we performed pre-processing steps, such as outlier removal, normalization, standardization, and class balance. Several processed forms (raw, cleaned, normalized, standardized, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE)) applied for this dataset are provided, along with detailed metadata to facilitate ease of use in cybersecurity research. This dataset provides an opportunity for researchers to develop and validate intrusion detection models in a real-world MQTT environment - a critical ingredient in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven cybersecurity solutions for IoT networks. The dataset will support future research IoT security and anomaly detection domains.

Information Technology (IT) Security as a Service Market Outlook

The IT Security as a Service market has been experiencing robust growth, with the global market size expected to reach approximately USD 25 billion in 2023. Driven by increasing cybersecurity threats and regulatory requirements, the market is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of around 14% from 2024 to 2032, reaching an estimated USD 73 billion by the end of the forecast period. This significant growth is fueled by advancements in technology, increased adoption of cloud services, and the growing need for organizations to safeguard their digital assets. The rapid digital transformation across industries and the escalating volume of data breaches have propelled the demand for comprehensive security solutions, thereby acting as a pivotal growth factor for the IT Security as a Service market.

A primary growth factor for the IT Security as a Service market is the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber-attacks. With the increasing reliance on digital platforms, organizations are becoming more vulnerable to cyber threats such as ransomware, phishing, and denial-of-service attacks. Consequently, businesses are prioritizing the implementation of robust security solutions to protect their sensitive data and maintain customer trust. Moreover, the surge in remote work and the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices have expanded the attack surface, necessitating enhanced security measures. This growing demand for comprehensive cybersecurity solutions has significantly contributed to the upward trajectory of the IT Security as a Service market.

Another crucial factor driving market growth is the stringent regulatory landscape governing data protection and privacy. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide have introduced rigorous compliance mandates, compelling organizations to adopt advanced security frameworks. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States require businesses to implement stringent security protocols to safeguard consumer data. Consequently, organizations are increasingly relying on IT Security as a Service providers to ensure compliance with these regulations and mitigate potential legal and financial repercussions, thereby bolstering market growth.

The adoption of cloud-based solutions has also been a significant driver for the IT Security as a Service market. As businesses migrate to cloud environments for greater scalability and cost-efficiency, the need for cloud-specific security measures becomes paramount. Cloud-based security services offer real-time threat monitoring, rapid deployment, and simplified management, making them an attractive option for enterprises seeking agile and efficient security solutions. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in security services has enhanced threat detection and response capabilities, further boosting the demand for IT Security as a Service offerings.

In this evolving landscape, the role of Network Security Service Provider Services has become increasingly critical. These services are essential for organizations looking to protect their network infrastructure from sophisticated cyber threats. By partnering with specialized providers, businesses can leverage advanced security technologies and expertise that may not be available in-house. Network Security Service Providers offer a range of services, including threat detection, vulnerability management, and incident response, tailored to meet the unique needs of each organization. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the demand for these services is expected to grow, enabling organizations to maintain robust security postures and safeguard their digital assets effectively.

Regionally, North America currently holds the largest share of the IT Security as a Service market, driven by the presence of major technology companies and a high level of cybersecurity awareness. The region is expected to maintain its dominance over the forecast period, with a robust CAGR owing to continuous technological advancements and increased investments in cybersecurity infrastructure. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth, attributed to the rapid digitalization of economies, growing internet penetration, and rising cyber threats. Countries such as China and India are investing heavily in cybersecurity initiatives, further propelling market expansion in the region.<

In 2023, individuals over the age of 60 accounted for the highest number of recorded cyber crime victims in the United States. According to the latest data, more than 104,068 people reported cyber crimes in the year examined. The second-most targeted were individuals between 30 and 39 years, with over 88 thousand complaints.

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As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report, the Global Cyber Security market size was $154.80 Billion in 2022 and it is forecasted to reach $353.15 Billion by 2030. Cyber Security Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 10.8% from 2023 to 2030. Market Dynamics of Cyber Security Market:

Increased target based cyber-attacks:

Every year, cybercrime dramatically rises as attackers become more proficient and sophisticated. In target-based cyberattacks, hackers or attackers focus on a single organisation because they have a particular business interest. Putting the attack together could take months so they can figure out the best way to get their exploit into your systems (or users). Because it has been precisely designed to attack your systems, processes, or persons, at the office and often at home, a targeted attack is frequently more harmful than an untargeted one. In addition to having an impact on the organization's and business's finances, cybersecurity also makes businesses more vulnerable and uncertain.

Cyberattacks can potentially harm a company's reputation, especially if private customer information is taken. The established customer trust may suffer as a result of cyberattacks. This breach of trust may be challenging to repair and may have long-term effects on the company. The activities of a company are also disrupted by these attacks, making it difficult or impossible to access vital systems or data. This might cause delays in manufacturing, disrupt customer service, and result in lost income. Businesses may occasionally have to stop operating completely until the attack is stopped, which will have a greater financial impact.

Growing need for automated cybersecurity due to the increased use of IoT devices.

Restraining Factor:

Budget restrictions and a lack of specialists among SME's:

Cybersecurity is crucial prat of any organization as it protects against unwanted access, theft, and damage to critical data and computer systems. Cyber-attacks are growing more prevalent in today's digital environment, and they could have very negative effects. Due to the complexity of technology, many organisations, especially SME's, cannot afford cybersecurity despite its necessity. Cybersecurity can be complicated and calls for knowledge in fields like software development, network security, and cryptography. The cost of acquiring and maintaining this expertise might be high. In addition, considering the consistently evolving cyber threats, the updating of cybersecurity measures is necessary. This requires ongoing investment in technology, personnel, and training. Therefore, budget restrictions coupled with expensive tools and software’s and a lack of specialists in SME's might affect the growth of the cyber security market.

Current Trends on Cyber Security:

Rising e-commerce platforms and online shopping:

Rising disposable income coupled with high penetration of internet and smartphone expected to drive the e-commerce market and online shopping. Online shopping is incredibly convenient for consumers as they can shop from the comfort of their homes or on-the-go using their smartphones or tablets. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic when physical stores are closed or people prefer to avoid crowded places. In addition, online retailers can offer lower prices compared to physical stores due to lower overhead costs. Moreover, E-commerce platforms are open 24/7, which allows customers to shop at any time that is convenient for them. With advances in technology, e-commerce platforms have improved their shipping and delivery options. Overall, rising e-commerce platforms and online shopping provides new opportunities to cyber security market.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Cyber Security Market:

With the widespread shift to remote work and online services, there has been a surge in cyber-attacks, making cyber security more important in COVID-19 pandemic. Organizations are investing in cyber security solutions to safeguard their systems and data as a result of the rise in cyberattacks brought on by the epidemic. The need for cyber security goods and services has increased as a result. Budget restrictions, especially for SME's, have been brought on by the economic burden of the epidemic on many organisations. Cost-effective cyber security solutions are now receiving more attention as a result of this. The CO...

The size of the Internet of Things Security Industry market was valued at USD XXX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 33.53% during the forecast period.IoT security is referred to as the practice of protecting interconnected devices and systems from cyber threats. While the number of IoT devices is exponentially increasing, so does the potential attack surface. These range from smart home appliances to industrial sensors and because of the very nature of these devices, they usually do not have any strong measures to keep them away from hacking, data breaches, and malicious attacks.IoT security is a broad category, which includes secure device design, robust authentication and encryption, up-to-date software, and segmentation. All these measures can help reduce risk exposure, protect sensitive information, and ensure the integrity of an organization's IoT systems.The IoT security sector has developed at a very fast pace to keep up with the rising threat facing the cyber world. Security manufacturers and vendors are coming out with innovative solutions such as an intrusion detection system, a firewall, and the deployment of security analytics solutions aimed at protecting IoT deployments. Increasing expansion in the IoT landscape makes adequate security measures essential to fully realize the huge power of this transformative technology. Key drivers for this market are: , Increasing Number of Data Breaches; Emergence of Smart Cities. Potential restraints include: , Growing Complexity among Devices, Coupled with the Lack of Ubiquitous Legislation. Notable trends are: Network Security Is Expected to Witness the Fastest Growth Rate.

1.Introduction

In the digital era of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the conventional Critical Infrastructures (CIs) are transformed into smart environments with multiple benefits, such as pervasive control, self-monitoring and self-healing. However, this evolution is characterised by several cyberthreats due to the necessary presence of insecure technologies. DNP3 is an industrial communication protocol which is widely adopted in the CIs of the US. In particular, DNP3 allows the remote communication between Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). It can support various topologies, such as Master-Slave, Multi-Drop, Hierarchical and Multiple-Server. Initially, the architectural model of DNP3 consists of three layers: (a) Application Layer, (b) Transport Layer and (c) Data Link Layer. However, DNP3 can be now incorporated into the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) stack as an application-layer protocol. However, similarly to other industrial protocols (e.g., Modbus and IEC 60870-5-104), DNP3 is characterised by severe security issues since it does not include any authentication or authorisation mechanisms. More information about the DNP3 security issue is provided in [1-3]. This dataset contains labelled Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP) network flow statistics (Common-Separated Values - CSV format) and DNP3 flow statistics (CSV format) related to 9 DNP3 cyberattacks. These cyberattacks are focused on DNP3 unauthorised commands and Denial of Service (DoS). The network traffic data are provided through Packet Capture (PCAP) files. Consequently, this dataset can be used to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDPS) systems that rely on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques.

2.Instructions

This DNP3 Intrusion Detection Dataset was implemented following the methodological frameworks of A. Gharib et al. in [4] and S. Dadkhah et al in [5], including eleven features: (a) Complete Network Configuration, (b) Complete Traffic, (c) Labelled Dataset, (d) Complete Interaction, (e) Complete Capture, (f) Available Protocols, (g) Attack Diversity, (h) Heterogeneity, (i) Feature Set and (j) Metadata.

A network topology consisting of (a) eight industrial entities, (b) one Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) and (c) three cyberattackers was used to implement this DNP3 Intrusion Detection Dataset. In particular, the following cyberattacks were implemented.

• On Thursday, May 14, 2020, the DNP3 Disable Unsolicited Messages Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Friday, May 15, 2020, the DNP3 Cold Restart Message Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Friday, May 15, 2020, the DNP3 Warm Restart Message Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Saturday, May 16, 2020, the DNP3 Enumerate Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Saturday, May 16, 2020, the DNP3 Info Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Monday, May 18, 2020, the DNP3 Initialisation Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Monday, May 18, 2020, the Man In The Middle (MITM)-DoS Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Monday, May 18, 2020, the DNP3 Replay Attack was executed for 4 hours.
• On Tuesday, May 19, 2020, the DNP3 Stop Application Attack was executed for 4 hours.

The aforementioned DNP3 cyberattacks were executed, utilising penetration testing tools, such as Nmap and Scapy. For each attack, a relevant folder is provided, including the network traffic and the network flow statistics for each entity. In particular, for each cyberattack, a folder is given, providing (a) the pcap files for each entity, (b) the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/ Internet Protocol (IP) network flow statistics for 120 seconds in a CSV format and (c) the DNP3 flow statistics for each entity (using different timeout values in terms of second (such as 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 and 240 seconds)). The TCP/IP network flow statistics were produced by using the CICFlowMeter, while the DNP3 flow statistics were generated based on a Custom DNP3 Python Parser, taking full advantage of Scapy.

3. Dataset Structure

The dataset consists of the following folders:

• 20200514_DNP3_Disable_Unsolicited_Messages_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Disable Unsolicited Message attack.
• 20200515_DNP3_Cold_Restart_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Cold Restart attack.
• 20200515_DNP3_Warm_Restart_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to DNP3 Warm Restart attack.
• 20200516_DNP3_Enumerate: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Enumerate attack.
• 20200516_DNP3_Ιnfo: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Info attack.
• 20200518_DNP3_Initialize_Data_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Data Initialisation attack.
• 20200518_DNP3_MITM_DoS: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 MITM-DoS attack.
• 20200518_DNP3_Replay_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 replay attack.
• 20200519_DNP3_Stop_Application_Attack: It includes the pcap and CSV files related to the DNP3 Stop Application attack.
• Training_Testing_Balanced_CSV_Files: It includes balanced CSV files from CICFlowMeter and the Custom DNP3 Python Parser that could be utilised for training ML and DL methods. Each folder includes different sub-folder for the corresponding flow timeout values used by the DNP3 Python Custom Parser. For CICFlowMeter, only the timeout value of 120 seconds was used.

Each folder includes respective subfolders related to the entities/devices (described in the following section) participating in each attack. In particular, for each entity/device, there is a folder including (a) the DNP3 network traffic (pcap file) related to this entity/device during each attack, (b) the TCP/IP network flow statistics (CSV file) generated by CICFlowMeter for the timeout value of 120 seconds and finally (c) the DNP3 flow statistics (CSV file) from the Custom DNP3 Python Parser. Finally, it is noteworthy that the network flows from both CICFlowMeter and Custom DNP3 Python Parser in each CSV file are labelled based on the DNP3 cyberattacks executed for the generation of this dataset. The description of these attacks is provided in the following section, while the various features from CICFlowMeter and Custom DNP3 Python Parser are presented in Section 5.

4.Testbed & DNP3 Attacks

The following figure shows the testbed utilised for the generation of this dataset. It is composed of eight industrial entities that play the role of the DNP3 outstations/slaves, such as Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and Intelligent Electron Devices (IEDs). Moreover, there is another workstation which plays the role of the Master station like a Master Terminal Unit (MTU). For the communication between, the DNP3 outstations/slaves and the master station, opendnp3 was used.

Table 1: DNP3 Attacks Description

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Penetration Testing Market Size 2025-2029

The penetration testing market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.77 billion, at a CAGR of 16.8% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the escalating number of cyberattacks and data breaches. Penetration testing, a critical component of cybersecurity, continues to gain significance in today's digital world. With the increasing number of cyberattacks and data breaches, organizations are investing heavily in securing their digital assets. The trend toward cloud computing and the adoption of DevSecOps practices further accentuate the need for penetration testing. Another key driver for the market is the growing endorsement of cloud computing solutions and services. The shift towards cloud-based infrastructure necessitates regular penetration testing to ensure the security of critical data and applications. However, the market also faces challenges, including the increased cost involved in penetration testing.
As organizations grapple with tightening budgets, they must carefully evaluate the return on investment of penetration testing services. Effective cost management and the adoption of automated testing tools are crucial for companies seeking to optimize their security spending. In conclusion, the market presents both opportunities and challenges for businesses. By staying abreast of market trends and implementing strategic solutions, organizations can capitalize on the benefits of penetration testing while mitigating its costs.

What will be the Size of the Penetration Testing Market during the forecast period?

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The market continues to evolve, driven by the ever-expanding attack surface and the need for robust cybersecurity solutions. Network security remains a primary focus, with security analytics and intrusion detection systems playing crucial roles in identifying and mitigating threats. Mobile security is another significant area of concern, as the proliferation of mobile devices increases the attack surface. Reverse engineering and red teaming are essential techniques used in penetration testing, helping organizations understand their vulnerabilities from an attacker's perspective. Application security is another critical aspect, with web application security and code review essential for securing digital assets.

Ethical hacking and security testing are integral parts of the penetration testing process, ensuring that organizations can identify and address vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. Security governance, auditing, and risk assessment are essential components of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy. Vulnerability assessment and threat modeling help organizations prioritize their security efforts and allocate resources effectively. Digital forensics and incident response are crucial for responding to security incidents and minimizing damage. Security standards, such as NIST Cybersecurity Framework and PCI DSS, provide a framework for implementing effective security controls. Security operations centers and intrusion prevention systems help organizations monitor their networks and respond to threats in real-time.

Data loss prevention and information security are essential for protecting sensitive data, while incident management and security monitoring help organizations respond effectively to security incidents. Penetration testing tools, such as vulnerability scanners and exploit development frameworks, are essential for conducting effective penetration testing. Log analysis and cloud security are also becoming increasingly important, as organizations move towards cloud-based infrastructure. Overall, the market is dynamic and constantly evolving, with new threats and technologies emerging regularly. Organizations must stay informed and adapt their cybersecurity strategies accordingly to stay ahead of the curve.

How is this Penetration Testing Industry segmented?

The penetration testing industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Component

  Solution
  Services


End-user

  Large enterprises
  Small and medium enterprises


Service

  Network penetration testing
  Web application penetration testing
  Mobile application penetration testing
  Cloud penetration testing
  Others


Deployment Type

  Cloud
  On-Premises


Service Model

  Internal Testing
  External Testing


Geography

  North America

    US
    Mexico


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    Australia
    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  S

In 2022, California ranked first by the amount of monetary losses through cybercrime. Overall, the state had over two billion U.S. dollars of reported losses. Texas was the second by cybercrime losses, reporting around one billion U.S. dollars of losses, while Florida followed with 874 million U.S. dollars.

Cyber Attack Simulation Tools Market Outlook

The global cyber attack simulation tools market size was valued at approximately USD 1.4 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 5.6 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 16.5% during the forecast period. This remarkable growth can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of cyber threats, stringent regulatory requirements, and the rising need for proactive cyber defense mechanisms among organizations.

One of the primary growth factors for the cyber attack simulation tools market is the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber-attacks. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the necessity of implementing robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive data and maintain operational integrity. Consequently, there is a growing demand for advanced simulation tools that can replicate real-world cyber threats, enabling organizations to identify vulnerabilities and enhance their security posture. Moreover, the rise of digital transformation initiatives across various sectors has amplified the need for these tools, as the attack surface has expanded significantly.

Another crucial driver of the market is the increasing regulatory landscape governing data protection and cybersecurity. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are introducing stringent compliance standards, compelling organizations to adopt cyber attack simulation tools to ensure adherence to these mandates. For instance, regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) have heightened the focus on data security, making it imperative for businesses to proactively assess and mitigate cyber risks. This regulatory impetus is expected to fuel the adoption of cyber attack simulation tools in the coming years.

The growing need for continuous monitoring and assessment of cybersecurity defenses is also contributing to market growth. Traditional approaches to cybersecurity, which often rely on periodic assessments and reactive measures, are proving insufficient in the face of evolving threats. Cyber attack simulation tools, on the other hand, offer a dynamic and proactive approach by continuously testing and validating security controls. This capability is particularly crucial for large enterprises and critical infrastructure sectors, where the potential impact of cyber incidents can be catastrophic. As organizations increasingly prioritize proactive defense strategies, the demand for these tools is set to rise substantially.

Regionally, North America dominates the cyber attack simulation tools market, accounting for the largest share in 2023. The region's leadership can be attributed to the early adoption of advanced cybersecurity technologies, a high concentration of major market players, and substantial investments in cybersecurity infrastructure. Moreover, Asia Pacific is anticipated to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by the rapid digital transformation, increasing internet penetration, and burgeoning cybersecurity awareness in emerging economies like China and India.

Component Analysis

The cyber attack simulation tools market is segmented by component into software and services. The software segment holds a significant share, driven by the continuous advancements in simulation technology and the increasing demand for automated and scalable solutions. These software tools are designed to mimic real-world cyber threats, enabling organizations to simulate various attack vectors and assess their security controls. As cyber threats evolve, there is a growing need for sophisticated software solutions that can keep pace with emerging threats and provide actionable insights for remediation.

Within the software segment, the development of AI and machine learning (ML) technologies is revolutionizing cyber attack simulation. AI-powered simulation tools can analyze vast amounts of data, recognize patterns, and predict potential attack scenarios with high accuracy. This capability not only enhances the effectiveness of simulations but also reduces the time and resources required for manual analysis. Consequently, AI and ML integration is expected to drive significant growth in the software segment, as organizations seek more intelligent and adaptive solutions to combat cyber threats.

The services segment in the cyber attack simulation tools market encompasses a range of offerings, including consulting, training, and managed services.

Dragon_Pi

Dragon_Pi is an intrusion detection dataset for IoT devices. In the field of IoT security there are few datasets, and those which do exist tend to focus solely on network traffic. The Dragon_Pi dataset seeks to provide not only more data for the field of IoT security, but also, data of a somewhat under-published type: linear time series power consumption data.

Dragon_Pi is a fully labelled Intrusion Detection dataset for IoT devices. It is composed of both normal and under-attack power consumption data obtained from two separate testbeds - one using a DragonBoard 410c and the other a Raspberry Pi Model 3 - Hence the moniker Dragon_Pi.

These testbeds were set up with predefined normal behavour as described in the attached publications. The normal linear time series power consumption was sampled from the testbed under these normal conditions. Both testbeds were then attacked using some common attacks on IoT - the linear time series power consumption captured under these condtions as well.

Specifically, the testbeds were subjected to the Port Scan (using Nmap), SSH Brute Force (using Hydra) and SYNFlood Denial of Service (using Hping3) attacks. These attacks were repeated to gain insight to what their signatures looked like and also how varying the tool settings effected the resultant signature. A fourth type of scenario was also conducted on the testbeds - the "Capture the Flag" scenarios. In these files multiple attack types were used with a more specific target - to exfiltrate a hidden file from the testbeds.

Each file has three hierarchical levels of annotation for each sample within:

1. A simple "Normal or Anomaly" label for the specific sample
2. A specifc attack type label e.g. "SSH Bruteforce", for the specific sample
3. A specific tool setting for that attack e.g. "Hydra_T16", for the specific sample

Users can decide for themselves what level of annotation they require for their specific task.

Each file in the Dragon_Pi dataset is accompanied by its own legend file. This file explains the contents of the specific .csv file and the specific indexes of the events within.

The Dragon_Pi dataset consists of approximately 67 files, as shown in Table 1. Compressed, the datset totals approximately 13GB. Completely decompressed the dataset is approximately 80GB ( 30GB Pi data, 50 GB Dragon data).