The global number of Internet of Things (IoT) connections is expected to almost linearly grow through the period from 2020 to 2030, with an expected number of about 24 billion enterprise IoT connections in 2030.

By 2025, forecasts suggest that there will be more than 75 billion Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices in use. This would be a nearly threefold increase from the IoT installed base in 2019.

What is the Internet of Things?

The IoT refers to a network of devices that are connected to the internet and can “communicate” with each other. Such devices include daily tech gadgets such as the smartphones and the wearables, smart home devices such as smart meters, as well as industrial devices like smart machines. These smart connected devices are able to gather, share, and analyze information and create actions accordingly. By 2023, global spending on IoT will reach 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars.

How does Internet of Things work?

IoT devices make use of sensors and processors to collect and analyze data acquired from their environments. The data collected from the sensors will be shared by being sent to a gateway or to other IoT devices. It will then be either sent to and analyzed in the cloud or analyzed locally. By 2025, the data volume created by IoT connections is projected to reach a massive total of 79.4 zettabytes.

Privacy and security concerns 

Given the amount of data generated by IoT devices, it is no wonder that data privacy and security are among the major concerns with regard to IoT adoption. Once devices are connected to the Internet, they become vulnerable to possible security breaches in the form of hacking, phishing, etc. Frequent data leaks from social media raise earnest concerns about information security standards in today’s world; were the IoT to become the next new reality, serious efforts to create strict security stands need to be prioritized.

Supplementary tables with percentage shares of the population aged 12 and over who used and did not use the Internet of Things (IoT) at home in 2020.

The global market for industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) was sized at over 544 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. The market is expected to grow in size in the coming years, reaching some 3.3 trillion U.S. dollars by 2030.

By 2033, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices is expected to be the largest in the Greater China area, with over 12 billion devices. Other regions that are also expected to lead in the number of IoT devices are Europe and North America.

[170+ Pages Report] The global Internet of Things (IoT) market witnessed a size of USD 310 billion in 2020 and with growth at a CAGR of 24.5% is projected to achieve a value of USD 1,842 billion by 2028.

The statistic shows the installed base of the Internet of Things (IoT) by category between 2014 and 2020. An estimated 12.86 billion units will be in use in the consumer segment by 2020.

Internet of Things installed base -- additional information

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vast network of smart objects which work together in collecting and analyzing data and autonomously performing actions. The IoT is a highly promising concept, as forecasts show growth at a rapid pace for the coming years both in terms of market value and connected devices. The global market value of IoT is projected to pass the one trillion U.S. dollars mark for the first time by 2017, a significant increase, considering the market was valued at around 600 billion U.S. dollars in 2014. The number of connected devices worldwide is projected to increase from around 18 billion in 2015 to 50 billion by 2020.

The installed base of IoT devices is expected to jump from about five billion in 2015 to nearly 31 billion by 2020, with the consumer sector accounting for the majority of these units. The IoT installed base in the consumer sector is forecast to amount to 13.5 billion by 2020. The automobile industry is a promising sector for IoT and is forecast to account for about 14 percent of the IoT installed base in 2020. As of May 2015, companies of the automobile industry spent an average of around 93.5 million U.S. dollars on Internet of Things per year. Companies in the travel, transportation and hospitality industry have the highest annual spending on IoT – nearly 129 million U.S. dollars. Industrial manufacturing, banking and financial services and telecommunication are also industries with high spending on IoT.

This statistic shows the Internet of Things (IoT) services spending worldwide from 2014 to 2017 and in 2020. In 2014, the IoT services spending amounted to 156.8 billion U.S. dollars.

The global Internet of Things (IoT) market is forecast to be worth around 445.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2025, and rise to more than 934 billion U.S. dollars in 2033, tripling its revenue in ten years. Not only this, but the number of IoT connected devices worldwide is forecast to triple during this span in time. Major verticals and use cases All types of industry verticals and consumer markets use IoT devices, with the retail an wholesale segment accounting for the largest share of the IoT devices market with approximately 28 percent of the total IoT device market in 2023. This share is projected to grow over the next five years to around 38 percent. Smartphones are the most commonly used devices in the IoT consumer internet and media devices segment, acting as connectors between many smart devices. Connected vehicles, payment terminals, smart grid, building automation, CCTV, and security and fire alarms are other IoT use cases where global revenue is projected to reach, and in many cases surpass, the mark of 50 billion U.S. dollars. IoT revenue by region The region with the largest share of the IoT market is China, with North America and Europe coming in at a distant second and third in 2023. Over the next ten years, the market is forecast to lose some footing in the Greater China area, with both North America and Europe closing the gap in terms of revenue revenues.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global AI in IoT market will be USD 5.5 billion in 2024 and expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.5% from 2024 to 2031. Market Dynamics of AI in IoT Market

Key Drivers for AI in IoT Market

Increasing Big Data Volume - The expansion of big data, as well as the rapidly increasing volume and complexity of data, is being driven by increased mobile traffic, cloud computing traffic, and the development and use of technologies such as IoT and AI. Big data analytics is an effective means of distributing data and generating insightful and practical knowledge from huge amounts of information. Organizations can benefit from significant predictive analytics in a variety of areas, including operations, marketing, risk assessment, and raid detection. For example, in a 2020 research, about 90% of business professionals and enterprise analytics stated that data and analytics are crucial to their organization's digital transformation efforts. Data and analytics are rapidly becoming critical components for businesses. Need for Effective Data Management

Key Restraints for AI in IoT Market

Growing Importance of Cybersecurity Concerns High Costs Introduction of AI in IoT Market

Artificial intelligence (AI) in the Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the application of AI technology to analyze enormous volumes of data generated by IoT devices, such as machine learning and deep learning. It comprises using AI algorithms to IoT data in order to extract valuable information, discover trends, and make predictions or judgments. Furthermore, automation is another facet of AI in IoT, in which AI-powered solutions streamline procedures, optimize business processes, and enable autonomous decisions across the IoT landscape. Furthermore, the combination of artificial intelligence with IoT has the potential to generate numerous benefits for both enterprises and consumers. AI in IoT solutions has the potential to increase corporate efficiency and productivity while also reducing expenses. Additionally, it can give increased convenience and a better user experience for consumers; such AI in IoT market trends are expected to create multiple potential opportunities during the forecast period. Furthermore, combining AI with IoT can improve data management and analytics while also providing businesses with a better understanding of their products. Such increased variables are projected to create attractive prospects for artificial intelligence in IoT market growth throughout the predicted years. Factors such as increased digitalization, a greater demand for intelligent business systems, and increased use of innovative technologies all had a beneficial impact on market growth.

IoT-23 is a dataset of network traffic from Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It has 20 malware captures executed in IoT devices, and 3 captures for benign IoT devices traffic. It was first published in January 2020, with captures ranging from 2018 to 2019. These IoT network traffic was captured in the Stratosphere Laboratory, AIC group, FEL, CTU University, Czech Republic. Its goal is to offer a large dataset of real and labeled IoT malware infections and IoT benign traffic for researchers to develop machine learning algorithms. This dataset and its research was funded by Avast Software. The malware was allow to connect to the Internet.

The product segment comprises various types of IoT devices and platforms used in healthcare settings. These include wearable devices, implanted devices, connected medical equipment, and software platforms for data management and analytics. The market is witnessing the emergence of specialized solutions tailored to specific healthcare applications, such as remote patient monitoring, medication management, and telemedicine. Recent developments include: January 2021:Zyter (US) launched an IoT solution for smart hospitals across the globe. The IoT-enablement platform offers an end-to-end intelligent solution that connects hospitals'disparate data systems to Zyter'srobust digital communication and collaboration platform., July 2020:Microsoft (US) launched IoT Connector for Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)for the secured exchange ofprivate health data. The connector allows a secured exchange of information between healthcare providers and patients., May 2020:Philips (Netherland) partnered with Samsung (South Korea) to develop connected devices using Samsung's Smart IoT Platform and Philips HealthSuite Digital Platform.. Notable trends are: Increasing Deployment of Healthcare Delivery Drones to Boost Market Growth.

By 2033, China is anticipated to dominate the Internet of Things (IoT) market with around 297 billion U.S. dollars in revenue, approximately a third of the whole market. North America and Europe are forecast to follow relatively closely behind in regional revenue, respectively.

The global IoT revenue in the energy sector was valued at $34.0 billion in 2019 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of more than 9% during the forecast period 2020-2025. The growth of the IoT market in the energy sector is steady. However, as the sector recovers from pandemic hardships and losses, CAPEX and OPEX will remain focused on core business, and investment in innovative IoT technologies will remain minimal. The cost of sensor technology, which is embedded in connected devices, will continue to decline, prompting an uptake in IoT technologies within the energy sector. Read More

The size of the IoT Security Market was valued at USD 2.873 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 4.40 Billion by 2033, with an expected CAGR of 6.28% during the forecast period. The Internet of Things (IoT) security market is experiencing rapid growth due to the increasing adoption of connected devices across industries such as healthcare, automotive, smart homes, and manufacturing. With the rising number of cyber threats, data breaches, and privacy concerns, organizations are investing heavily in advanced security solutions to safeguard their IoT ecosystems. Key security measures include encryption, network security, endpoint security, and identity access management to protect devices and sensitive data from unauthorized access. Government regulations and compliance standards, such as GDPR and NIST guidelines, are further driving market demand for robust security frameworks. Additionally, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are enhancing threat detection and response capabilities. Leading technology providers are focusing on integrating blockchain, cloud security, and zero-trust models to strengthen IoT security infrastructure. However, challenges such as high implementation costs and a lack of skilled professionals remain barriers to widespread adoption. Despite these hurdles, the growing reliance on IoT in critical applications is expected to fuel continuous innovations and investments in security solutions, making it a key area of focus for enterprises and cybersecurity firms globally. Recent developments include: In May 2023, Allot Ltd revealed its partnership with the Eastern European Telecom Group to release cyber security consumer solutions and simplified data protection., September 2023 saw Intel Corporation introduce IoT-optimized processors that improve security, functional safety, and real-time capabilities for edge customers., Last month, International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation unveiled ‘Watsonx Your Business’ as a way of reinforcing how innovative AI solutions can transform businesses., Arm bought Trustonic, an IoT Security Company, at $1.1 billion in January 2023. Trustonic is involved in providing security solutions for various Internet of Things devices such as smartphones, wearables, and connected cars., In February 2023, Cisco purchased Cloudlock, another IOT security company, for $2.6 billion dollars., Microsoft acquired RiskIQ in March 2023, which is an IoT security company that cost $1 billion., Trustwave announced its cloud-based cybersecurity platform in May 2020, serving as the basis for the firm’s managed security services, products, and other cybersecurity offerings. The Trustwave Fusion platform is meant to address enterprise IT needs since it will be integral to operations as they undergo digital transformation while confronting a perpetually changing landscape in terms of threat vectors., Colorado-based Optiv Security Inc. is a private cyber-security solution provider involved with companies that offer them various cyber programs along with managed security services like risk mitigation and integration of technology solutions. The organization has been operational since 2015., Microsoft's latest Patch released in November 2022 addresses half a dozen zero-day vulnerabilities, including one involving the distribution of malware updates through the Mark-of-the-Web (MotW) security feature used by hackers.. Key drivers for this market are: Rising cyber threats and data breaches

Increasing regulatory compliance requirements

Growing demand for connected devices and services

Advancements in IoT technologies and protocols

Collaboration between industry stakeholders. Potential restraints include: Data privacy and security concerns

Lack of interoperability and standardization

Integration complexity with legacy systems

Resource constraints on IoT devices

Skilled cybersecurity professionals shortage. Notable trends are: Biometric and behavioral authentication

Predictive analytics and threat intelligence

Blockchain for secure device and data management

Secure edge computing

Low-power and resource-efficient security solutions.

The number of consumer edge enabled Internet of Things (IoT) devices throughout the world is forecast to grow to almost 6.5 billion by 2030, an increase of more than four billion compared to 2020. Edge enabled IoT devices encompass a wide array of device types from sensors, smartphones, to security cameras.

In 2021, the global agricultural industrial internet of things (IIoT) market value is expected to stand at approximately 4.02 billion U.S. dollars, with 2.23 billion U.S. dollars coming from North America alone. The agricultural IIoT market, especially the North American regional market, is anticipated to grow over the next few years. The following segments are included in the market: Agricultural Management Platforms, Supply Chain & Inventory Management Solutions, GPS Services & Field Mapping Services, Agricultural Monitoring Services, and Micro-farming Solutions.

The Marine Internet of Things (IoT) market is poised to witness substantial growth over the forecast period of 2025-2033. The market size was valued at $25.02 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach $42.95 billion by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.00%. The burgeoning adoption of IoT technologies in the maritime industry, coupled with the rising need for enhanced operational efficiency and safety, is propelling market expansion. The market is segmented based on component into sensing devices, network connectivity, IoT platforms, and IT solutions & services. The sensing devices segment held the largest share of the market in 2025, and is expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. This growth is attributed to the increasing demand for real-time data collection and monitoring of marine operations, which is facilitated by sensors. Key market players include Cisco Systems, Inc., Marine Digital GmbH, Vodafone Group Plc, and Ericsson AB, among others. North America emerged as the largest regional segment in 2025, and is expected to retain its position during the forecast period. The region's well-established maritime industry, coupled with the adoption of advanced technologies, is driving market growth in the region. Report Description: The Marine Internet of Things (IoT) market is poised to expand rapidly, driven by increasing advancements in technology and growing awareness of its benefits. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the market, including market size, trends, key players, and growth opportunities. The report offers insights into the marine IoT ecosystem, focusing on various components, applications, ship types, and industry developments. Recent developments include: On Mar.09, 2023, Magellan X (Singapore), a leading digital solutions provider, announced the development of disruptive industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and AI platforms to help maritime and other heavy industries meet their ESG sustainability goals. The tech firm's three disruptive digital solutions are designed to capture the deficit gap by capturing real-time, certifiable data, using IIoT, and producing actionable AI analytics., On Dec.01, 2022, Zamil Offshore announced that it is set to deploy internet-of-things (IoT) infrastructure on 60 vessels. Following its agreement with Inmarsat, the offshore services major will roll out its advanced IoT system to assist in the performance optimization of vessels in the Gulf. The system will be deployed on Inmarsat's Fleet Connect & Fleet Data items and other vessels to help identify effective methods to meet optimum vessel performance expectations set by Saudi Aramco., On Dec.08, 2021, Wartsila Voyage announced a strategic partnership with Microsoft to industrialize marine IoT. The company is set to provide industrialized IoT for shipping through a scalable cyber-secure platform integrated with Microsoft Azure IoT Edge. Intelligent Edge technology will help the shipping industry fulfill its decarbonization goals., On Oct.27, 2021, HMM, South Korea's flagship liner operator, announced that it is set to pilot Internet of Things (IoT) technology for refrigerated and frozen shipping containers. IoT enables the pinpointing of the real-time location of reefers and changes in humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), and vibration. Refrigerated and frozen containers need to maintain a constant temperature to their destination., On Oct.01, 2020, Taiwanese bulk carrier, U-Ming Marine Transport Corporation (U-MING) announced a partnership with Ericsson to develop an IoT fleet management platform. U-MING aims to digitize its fleet performance management through intelligent IoT connectivity. This innovative fleet performance management platform (FPM) will benefit the company with increased efficiency, greater safety, reduced costs, and lower environmental risks. Notable trends are: Rise in demand for precision strike weapons is driving market growth.

This dataset presents network traffic traces data of the 14 D-Link IoT devices from different types including camera, network camera, smart-plug, door-window sensor, and home-hub. It consists of:

• Network packet traces (inbound and outbound traffic) and
• IEEE 802.11 MAC frame traces.

The experimental testbed was set-up in the Network Systems and Signal Processing (NSSP) laboratory at Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD) to collect all the network traffic traces from 9th September 2020 to 10th January 2021 including an access point on a laptop. The network traffic traces were captured passively observing the Ethernet interface and the WiFi interface at the access point.

In packet traces, typical communication protocols, such as TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP, ARP, DNS, SSDP, TLS/SSL etc, data are captured which IoT devices use for communication on the Internet. In the probe request frame (a subtype of management frames) traces, data are recorded which IoT devices use to connect access point on the local area network.

The authors would like to thank the Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, for the support to conduct this research experiment in the Network Systems and Signal Processing laboratory.

This repository contains Internet-of-Things (IoT) use case data sets from the VICINITY project. The use cases are described under https://vicinity2020.eu, where also the contributing companies are described in more detail. The use cases include: eHealth use case data by GNOMON/CERTH (anonymized) Smart parking, building control use case data by HITS, TINYM Energy management data set by ENERC Several other, smaller use cases with less data from open call winners. The data sets have also been the basis for the publications available for download under the same URL; the folder AAU gives additionally the data from AAU's publications. All data has been checked to contain no personal data and is anonymized.