South African monthly The FTSE/JSE All Share Index data was procured from Bloomberg and the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) from South African Reserve Bank (SARB) database, where the data has been seasonally adjusted specifying 2015 as the base year. Volatility measures in these markets are generated through a multivaraite EGARCH model in the WinRATS software. South African monthly consumer price index (CPI) data was procured from the International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics (IFS) database, where the data has been seasonally adjusted, specifying 2010 as the base year. The inflation rate is constructed by taking the year-on-year changes in the monthly CPI figures. Inflation uncertainty was generated through the GARCH model in Eviews software. The following South African macroeconomic variables were procured from the SARB: real industrial production (IP), which is used as a proxy for real GDP, real investment (I), real consumption (C), inflation (CPI), broad money (M3), the 3-month treasury bill rate (TB3) and the policy rate (R), a measure of U.S. EPU developed by Baker et al. (2016) to account for global developments available at http://www.policyuncertainty.com/us_monthly.html.

Core consumer prices in the United States increased 2.80 percent in April of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - United States Core Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Consumer Price Index in the United States increased 0.20 percent in April of 2025 over the previous month. This dataset provides - United States Inflation Rate MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In April 2025, the monthly inflation rate in China ranged at -0.1 percent compared to the same month in the previous year. Inflation had peaked at 2.8 percent in September 2022, but eased thereafter. The annual average inflation rate in China ranged at 0.2 percent in 2024. China’s inflation in comparison The term inflation means the devaluation of money caused by a permanent increase of the price level for products such as consumer or investment goods. The inflation rate is most commonly measured by the Consumer Price Index. The Consumer Price Index shows the price development for private expenses based on a basket of products representing the consumption of an average consumer household. Compared to other major economies in the world, China has a moderate and stable level of inflation. The inflation in China is on average lower than in other BRIC countries, although China enjoys higher economic growth rates. Inflation rates of developed regions in the world had for a long time been lower than in China, but that picture changed fundamentally during the coronavirus pandemic with most developed countries experiencing quickly rising consumer prices. Regional inflation rates in China In China, there is a regional difference in inflation rates. As of February 2025, Tibet experienced the highest CPI growth, while Beijing reported the lowest. In recent years, inflation rates in rural areas have often been slightly higher than in the cities. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, inflation was mainly fueled by a surge in prices for food and micellaneous items and services in recent months. The price gain in other sectors was comparatively slight. Transport prices have decreased recently, but had grown significantly in 2021 and 2022.

Graph and download economic data for Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed from 2010-02-22 to 2025-06-05 about TIPS, 30-year, maturity, securities, Treasury, interest rate, interest, real, rate, and USA.

Depicted is the total investment as a share of the GDP in Guyana which is approximately 14.88 percent in 2025.Fluctuating decline between 1980 and 2025A comparison to the earliest shown observation from 1980 reveals a total decrease by approximately 13.64 percentage points. The trajectory from 1980 to 2025 shows however that this decrease did not happen continuously.Fluctuating decline between 2025 and 2030The share will lie at close to 11.87 percent in 2030, according to forecasts. Compared to 2025 this is an overall decrease by approximately 3.01 percentage points.This indicator describes the ratio of total investment in current local currency and GDP in current local currency. The International Monetary Fund defines the total investment as the overall value of the gross fixed capital formation aswell as changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables. The gross domestic product, on the other hand, represents the total value of final goods and services produced during a year.

Turkey IG: Inflation Rate: Next 12 Mth: Number of Answers data was reported at 312.000 % Point in Apr 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 323.000 % Point for Mar 2020. Turkey IG: Inflation Rate: Next 12 Mth: Number of Answers data is updated monthly, averaging 323.000 % Point from Jan 2007 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 160 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 362.000 % Point in Oct 2017 and a record low of 135.000 % Point in Jan 2007. Turkey IG: Inflation Rate: Next 12 Mth: Number of Answers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.S017: Business Tendency Survey: Investment Consumer Goods: Weighted: NACE Rev2.

Iran’s inflation rate rose sharply to 34.79 percent in 2019 and was projected to rise another 14 percentage points before slowly starting to decline. Given the recent sanctions by the United States regarding the nuclear deal, this number has both political and economic implications. Political implications President Hassan Rouhani won the 2017 election based on economic promises, many stemming from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran Nuclear Deal. Lifting these sanctions opened the Iranian economy to many opportunities, including the chance to benefit from increased oil exports. The JCPOA was an integral part of the Rouhani campaign, so any economic hardship that is linked to the deal will likely be blamed on the president. Economic implications High inflation leads to high interest rates, which leads to less borrowing. Less borrowing means less investment, which slows economic growth. This slower growth often leads to higher inflation, which is what economists call an inflationary spiral. As such, Iran will have difficulty achieving substantial GDP growth until inflation returns to manageable rates.

Inflation Rate in China remained unchanged at -0.10 percent in April. This dataset provides - China Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 5-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed (DFII5) from 2003-01-02 to 2025-06-05 about TIPS, maturity, securities, Treasury, interest rate, interest, real, 5-year, rate, and USA.

The "Stock Market Dataset for AI-Driven Prediction and Trading Strategy Optimization" is designed to simulate real-world stock market data for training and evaluating machine learning models. This dataset includes a combination of technical indicators, market metrics, sentiment scores, and macroeconomic factors, providing a comprehensive foundation for developing and testing AI models for stock price prediction and trading strategy optimization.

Key Features Market Metrics:

Open, High, Low, Close Prices: Daily stock price movement. Volume: Represents the trading activity during the day. Technical Indicators:

RSI (Relative Strength Index): A momentum oscillator to measure the speed and change of price movements. MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): An indicator to reveal changes in strength, direction, momentum, and duration of a trend. Bollinger Bands: Upper and lower bands around a stock price to measure volatility. Sentiment Analysis:

Sentiment Score: Simulated sentiment derived from financial news and social media, ranging from -1 (negative) to 1 (positive). Macroeconomic Factors:

GDP Growth: Indicates the overall health and growth of the economy. Inflation Rate: Reflects changes in purchasing power and economic stability. Target Variable:

Buy/Sell Signal: Binary classification (1 = Buy, 0 = Sell) based on price movement thresholds, simulating actionable trading decisions. Use Cases AI Model Training: Ideal for building stock prediction models using LSTM, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, etc. Trading Strategy Optimization: Enables testing of trading algorithms and strategies in a simulated environment. Sentiment Analysis Research: Useful for understanding how sentiment influences stock movements. Feature Engineering and Selection: Provides a diverse set of features for experimentation with advanced techniques like PCA and LDA. Dataset Highlights Synthetic Yet Realistic: Carefully designed to mimic real-world financial data trends and relationships. Comprehensive Coverage: Includes key indicators and metrics used by traders and analysts. Scalable: Suitable for use in both small-scale academic projects and larger AI-driven trading platforms. Accessible for All Levels: The intuitive structure ensures that even beginners can utilize this dataset for financial machine learning applications. File Format The dataset is provided in CSV format, where:

Rows represent individual trading days. Columns represent features (technical indicators, market metrics, etc.) and the target variable. Acknowledgments This dataset is synthetically generated and is intended for research and educational purposes. It is not based on real market data and should not be used for actual trading.

Turkey IG: Inflation Rate: Next 12 Mth: Weighted Average data was reported at 13.300 % Point in Apr 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.100 % Point for Mar 2020. Turkey IG: Inflation Rate: Next 12 Mth: Weighted Average data is updated monthly, averaging 8.250 % Point from Jan 2007 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 160 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.400 % Point in Nov 2018 and a record low of 5.600 % Point in Jun 2013. Turkey IG: Inflation Rate: Next 12 Mth: Weighted Average data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.S017: Business Tendency Survey: Investment Consumer Goods: Weighted: NACE Rev2.

Core Inflation Rate MoM in the United States increased to 0.20 percent in April from 0.10 percent in March of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States Core Inflation Rate MoM.

Until the 90s information on risk premiums based on empirical studies for the German capital market was only available sporadically and for short time horizons. Therefore a long term comparison of risk and return was not possible. Markus Morawietz investigates profitability and risk of German stock and bond investments since 1870. He takes inflation and tax issues into account. His work contains a comprehensive collection of primary data since 1870 on key figures on a monthly basis which describe the German capital market. The goal of the study is to identify empirical statements on parameters of the German capital market. Therefore the exposition of theoretical economic models is not of primary importance in this study. A special focus is on the potential applicability of existing Germen index numbers as base data on the empirical investigation. The first chapter “methodological bases of performance measurement” concludes with the definition of the term “performance”. The following hypothesis is tested within this study: “There is a risk premium on securities taking inflation and influences of taxes into account.” The test of this hypothesis is run over the longest time period possible. Therefore monthly data on stock and bond investment are subject of the investigation because they are the most actively traded assets. Furthermore a substitute for the risk-free investment was developed in order to determine the risk premium. Before the explicit performance measurement of the different assets takes place, empirical starting points for performance measurement will be defined. These starting points contain a relevant demarcation of the investigation period and a description of the historical events during the investigation periods for all periods. Hereby special consideration is given to the specific problems of long term German value series (interruption trough the First World War with the following Hyperinflation and the Second World War). The analysis of the basics of performance measurement concludes the empirical starting points for performance measurement. The starting points contain the definition of a substitute for the certain segment, the description and preparation of the underlying data material and the calculation method used to determine performance. The third chapter contains a concrete empirical evaluation of the available data. This evaluation is subdivided into two parts: (a) performance measurement with unadjusted original data and (b) performance measurement with adjusted primary data (adjusted for inflation and tax influences). Both parts are structured in the same way. First the performance measurement of the specific asset (stocks, bonds and risk-free instruments) will be undertaken each by itself subdivided by partial periods. Afterwards the results of the performance measurement over the entire investigation period will be analyzed. The collection of derived partial results in the then following chapter shows return risk differences between the different assets. To calculate the net performance the nominal primary data is adjusted by inflation and tax influences. Therefore measured values for the changes in price level and for tax influences will be determined in the beginning of the third chapter. Following the performance measurement will be undertaken with the adjusted primary data. A comparison of the most important results of the different analysis in the last chapter concludes.

Data tables in histat (topic: money and currencies):

A. Discount and Lombard rate A.1 Discount rate: monthly average values, yearly average values (1870-1992) A.2 Lombard rate: monthly average values, yearly average values (1870-1992)

B. Stock price index, dividends and bond market und B.1a Stock price index: monthly average values, yearly average values (1870-1992) B.2 Dividends: monthly average values (1870-1992) B.3 Bond market: monthly average values, yearly average values (1870-1992)

C. Risk free instrument C.1 Private discount rate: monthly average values, yearly average values (1870-1991) C.2 Overnight rate: monthly average values, yearly average values (1924-1992)

D. Inflation rate D.1 Price index for costs of living (base1913/14 = 100), monthly average values, yearly average values (1870-1992) D.2 Inflation rate (base 1913 = 100), M monthly average values, yearly average values (1870-1992)

This file contains raw extrapolated yearly foreign direct investment data sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) platform of the DataBank of World Bank of Brazil, Nigeria, China, the Netherlands, Australia and the US. Also included are the historical inflation rate and exchange rate data.

As of December 30, 2024, the major economy with the highest yield on 10-year government bonds was Turkey, with a yield of 27.38 percent. This is due to the risks investors take when investing in Turkey, notably due to high inflation rates potentially eradicating any profits made when using a foreign currency to investing in securities denominated in Turkish lira. Of the major developed economies, United States had one the highest yield on 10-year government bonds at this time with 4.59 percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at 0.27 percent. How does inflation influence the yields of government bonds? Inflation reduces purchasing power over time. Due to this, investors seek higher returns to offset the anticipated decrease in purchasing power resulting from rapid price rises. In countries with high inflation, government bond yields often incorporate investor expectations and risk premiums, resulting in comparatively higher rates offered by these bonds. Why are government bond rates significant? Government bond rates are an important indicator of financial markets, serving as a benchmark for borrowing costs, interest rates, and investor sentiment. They affect the cost of government borrowing, influence the price of various financial instruments, and serve as a reflection of expectations regarding inflation and economic growth. For instance, in financial analysis and investing, people often use the 10-year U.S. government bond rates as a proxy for the longer-term risk-free rate.

Inflation Rate in India decreased to 3.16 percent in April from 3.34 percent in March of 2025. This dataset provides - India Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Inflation was the biggest concern among real estate investors in the U.S. in 2022. Approximately 90 percent of respondents in a survey conducted among 72 institutional investors, pension funds, and other organizations worldwide noted that they were somewhat or very concerned with the rising inflation. The fluctuation of the interest rates and the consumption and live work preference changes were the second and third biggest concerns for 86 percent and 71 percent of respondents, respectively. When considering the real estate concerns, the rising cost of materials ranked first.

Mutual Fund Assets Market Outlook

The global mutual fund assets market size was valued at approximately $71.3 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $124.8 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3% during the forecast period. This robust growth is primarily driven by increasing investor awareness, technological advancements in financial services, and the rising need for diversified investment portfolios to manage risks effectively.

One of the key growth factors for the mutual fund assets market is the increasing awareness and education about financial markets and investment opportunities. As individuals and institutions become more knowledgeable about the benefits of mutual funds, including diversification, professional management, and potential for higher returns, the demand for these investment vehicles has surged. Additionally, the shift from traditional savings accounts to investment options that can combat inflation and generate wealth over the long term has been pivotal in driving market growth.

Technological advancements have also played a significant role in the expansion of the mutual fund assets market. The advent of fintech solutions, robo-advisors, and online investment platforms has made it easier for investors to access and manage their mutual fund portfolios. These technologies provide sophisticated tools for portfolio analysis, automated rebalancing, and personalized investment recommendations, thereby attracting a broader demographic, including younger, tech-savvy investors. The ease of access and user-friendly interfaces of these platforms have demystified the investing process, enabling more individuals to participate in the market.

Moreover, the increasing focus on retirement planning and the shift toward defined contribution plans have driven the growth of the mutual fund market. As governments around the world reduce their pension obligations, individuals are taking more responsibility for their retirement savings. Mutual funds, with their ability to provide stable returns and professional management, are becoming a preferred option for long-term retirement planning. The growing middle-class population, especially in emerging markets, is also contributing to the increased adoption of mutual funds as part of comprehensive financial planning strategies.

The rise of Passive ETF investments has significantly influenced the mutual fund landscape, offering investors an alternative that combines the benefits of diversification and cost-efficiency. Unlike actively managed funds, Passive ETFs aim to replicate the performance of a specific index, providing a straightforward investment approach with lower management fees. This has attracted a growing number of investors seeking to minimize costs while maintaining exposure to market trends. As a result, the popularity of Passive ETFs has surged, prompting mutual fund companies to innovate and adapt their offerings to meet the evolving demands of cost-conscious investors. The integration of Passive ETFs into investment portfolios allows for a balanced strategy that leverages both active and passive management styles, catering to a wide range of investor preferences.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the mutual fund assets market, driven by a well-established financial services industry and high levels of personal wealth. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by rapid economic development, rising disposable incomes, and increasing penetration of financial services. Europe and Latin America also present substantial growth opportunities due to evolving investment landscapes and regulatory reforms aimed at promoting mutual fund investments.

Fund Type Analysis

The mutual fund assets market is segmented by fund type into equity funds, bond funds, money market funds, hybrid funds, and others. Equity funds, which invest primarily in stocks, are among the most popular types due to their potential for high returns. These funds appeal particularly to investors with a higher risk tolerance and a longer investment horizon. The growth of equity funds is driven by strong performance in global equity markets and the increasing preference for growth-oriented investment strategies. Additionally, the proliferation of thematic and sector-specific equity funds has attracted investors looking to capitalize on emerging trends and specific industries.

Invesco Advantage's municipal income trust may face risks related to fluctuations in interest rates, credit quality of underlying investments, inflation, and economic conditions. While past performance has generally been positive, historical returns may not be indicative of future results.