Mobility/Location data is gathered from location-aware mobile apps using an SDK-based implementation. All users explicitly consent to allow location data sharing using a clear opt-in process for our use cases and are given clear opt-out options. Factori ingests, cleans, validates, and exports all location data signals to ensure only the highest quality of data is made available for analysis.

Record Count:90 Billion+ Capturing Frequency: Once per Event Delivering Frequency: Once per Day Updated: Daily

Mobility Data Reach: Our data reach represents the total number of counts available within various categories and comprises attributes such as country location, MAU, DAU & Monthly Location Pings.

Data Export Methodology: Since we collect data dynamically, we provide the most updated data and insights via a best-suited interval (daily/weekly/monthly/quarterly).

Use Cases: Consumer Insight: Gain a comprehensive 360-degree perspective of the customer to spot behavioral changes, analyze trends and predict business outcomes. Market Intelligence: Study various market areas, the proximity of points or interests, and the competitive landscape. Advertising: Create campaigns and customize your messaging depending on your target audience's online and offline activity. Retail Analytics Analyze footfall trends in various locations and gain understanding of customer personas.

Here's the data attributes: maid latitude longitude horizontal_accuracy timestamp id_type ipv4 ipv6 user_agent country state_hasc city_hasc postcode geohash hex8 hex9 carrier

Mobility/Location data is gathered from location-aware mobile apps using an SDK-based implementation. All users explicitly consent to allow location data sharing using a clear opt-in process for our use cases and are given clear opt-out options. Factori ingests, cleans, validates, and exports all location data signals to ensure only the highest quality of data is made available for analysis.

Record Count:90 Billion+ Capturing Frequency: Once per Event Delivering Frequency: Once per Day Updated: Daily

Mobility Data Reach: Our data reach represents the total number of counts available within various categories and comprises attributes such as country location, MAU, DAU & Monthly Location Pings.

Data Export Methodology: Since we collect data dynamically, we provide the most updated data and insights via a best-suited interval (daily/weekly/monthly/quarterly).

Use Cases: Consumer Insight: Gain a comprehensive 360-degree perspective of the customer to spot behavioral changes, analyze trends and predict business outcomes. Market Intelligence: Study various market areas, the proximity of points or interests, and the competitive landscape. Advertising: Create campaigns and customize your messaging depending on your target audience's online and offline activity. Retail Analytics Analyze footfall trends in various locations and gain understanding of customer personas.

Here's the data attributes: maid latitude longtitude horizontal_accuracy timestamp id_type ipv4 ipv6 user_agent country state_hasc city_hasc postcode geohash hex8 hex9 carrier

Graph and download economic data for Employment for Information: Wired Telecommunications Carriers (NAICS 517311) in the United States (IPUJN517311W010000000) from 1987 to 2024 about telecom, wired, information, NAICS, IP, employment, and USA.

Carrier Interconnect Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Carrier Interconnect market size reached USD 9.4 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand for seamless connectivity across diverse telecommunications networks. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% from 2025 to 2033, with the total market size expected to reach USD 17.8 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily driven by the rapid expansion of digital communication ecosystems, the proliferation of next-generation networks, and the increasing adoption of cloud-based interconnect solutions.

A key driver propelling the Carrier Interconnect market is the exponential surge in global data traffic, fueled by the widespread adoption of 5G, IoT, and cloud services. Telecom operators and internet service providers are under immense pressure to ensure uninterrupted, high-quality connectivity for both enterprise and consumer segments. The demand for advanced interconnect solutions, such as IP interconnect and managed services, is intensifying as organizations seek to enhance network efficiency, reduce latency, and optimize bandwidth utilization. Furthermore, the transition from legacy voice and SMS interconnects to data-centric and IP-based interconnects is stimulating market evolution, compelling stakeholders to invest in scalable and interoperable platforms.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing complexity of telecom networks, necessitating sophisticated carrier interconnect solutions to manage interoperability across heterogeneous infrastructures. The proliferation of over-the-top (OTT) services, virtual network operators, and cross-border communications has heightened the need for robust interconnect frameworks. Managed services are gaining traction as telecom operators look to outsource network management, security, and compliance functions to specialized providers. This trend is further reinforced by the growing emphasis on network virtualization, automation, and real-time analytics, which are integral to the efficient operation of modern carrier interconnect platforms.

The evolution of regulatory frameworks and industry standards is also playing a pivotal role in shaping the Carrier Interconnect market landscape. Governments and regulatory bodies are mandating stringent interconnect agreements, quality of service (QoS) requirements, and data privacy protocols to foster fair competition and protect consumer interests. These regulations are encouraging market participants to adopt interoperable, standards-based solutions that support seamless connectivity across multiple networks and geographies. The ongoing shift towards open APIs, network function virtualization (NFV), and software-defined networking (SDN) is expected to accelerate innovation and drive the adoption of next-generation carrier interconnect solutions.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing market for carrier interconnect solutions, driven by rapid urbanization, expanding mobile penetration, and substantial investments in next-generation network infrastructure. North America and Europe continue to dominate in terms of market share, benefiting from mature telecom ecosystems, high adoption of cloud-based services, and a strong focus on digital transformation. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady growth, supported by ongoing network modernization initiatives and increasing demand for cross-border connectivity solutions.

Type Analysis

The Carrier Interconnect market is segmented by type into Voice Interconnect, Data Interconnect, SMS Interconnect, IP Interconnect, and Others. Voice Interconnect continues to be a critical segment, particularly in regions where traditional telephony remains prevalent. However, the segment is experiencing a gradual decline in growth rate as end-users increasingly transition to VoIP and IP-based communication services. Nevertheless, the need for interoperability between legacy and modern networks ensures that voice interconnect remains an essential component of the overall carrier interconnect ecosystem, especially for international and rural communications.

Data Interconnect is witnessing the fastest growth within the carrier interconnect market, driven by the surge in mobile data consumption, video streaming, and cloud applications. Telecom operators a

Carrier Interconnect Platform Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Carrier Interconnect Platform market size in 2024 stands at USD 8.2 billion, with robust momentum driven by the increasing complexity and volume of inter-carrier communications. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 11.4% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted value of USD 24.3 billion by 2033. The primary growth factor is the accelerating demand for seamless, high-capacity, and secure connectivity solutions among telecom operators, enterprises, and internet service providers, as global data and voice traffic continue to surge. This growth trajectory is further supported by the rapid evolution of next-generation network technologies and the proliferation of IoT devices, which necessitate advanced interconnect capabilities for efficient and reliable communications.

The Carrier Interconnect Platform market is experiencing significant growth due to the exponential rise in global data consumption and the increasing adoption of cloud-based services. Telecom operators and enterprises are under immense pressure to enhance their network infrastructure to support higher bandwidth, lower latency, and improved interoperability. The deployment of 5G networks, expansion of fiber-optic infrastructure, and the ongoing transition to all-IP architectures are fueling the need for sophisticated carrier interconnect platforms. These platforms enable seamless integration of voice, data, and messaging services across multiple networks, ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Additionally, the growing emphasis on network virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN) is prompting carriers to invest in flexible, scalable interconnect solutions that can adapt to evolving business and technological requirements.

Another critical driver for the Carrier Interconnect Platform market is the increasing prevalence of IoT connectivity and the need for secure, real-time data exchange between heterogeneous networks. As enterprises and service providers deploy IoT solutions across various verticals such as healthcare, manufacturing, and smart cities, the demand for robust interconnect platforms capable of managing massive device ecosystems and diverse communication protocols is surging. These platforms play a pivotal role in ensuring seamless interoperability, data integrity, and security across interconnected devices and networks. Furthermore, the rise of OTT (over-the-top) services and the convergence of traditional telecom and digital services are compelling carriers to modernize their interconnect infrastructure to accommodate new business models and revenue streams.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the Carrier Interconnect Platform market, driven by early adoption of advanced network technologies, significant investments in 5G infrastructure, and a strong presence of leading telecom operators and technology vendors. Europe follows closely, with increasing focus on cross-border connectivity and regulatory compliance fostering market expansion. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth, propelled by rapid digital transformation, expanding mobile subscriber base, and government initiatives to enhance broadband penetration. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually emerging as promising markets, supported by ongoing telecom modernization projects and growing demand for reliable connectivity solutions in underserved regions.

The rise of OTT Messaging Interconnect services is reshaping the landscape of carrier communications. As consumers increasingly rely on over-the-top applications for messaging, carriers are compelled to adapt their interconnect strategies to accommodate these platforms. OTT Messaging Interconnect provides a seamless bridge between traditional telecom networks and modern digital messaging services, ensuring that messages are delivered efficiently and securely across different platforms. This integration is crucial for maintaining service quality and customer satisfaction, as it allows carriers to offer enhanced messaging capabilities without compromising on security or performance. By embracing OTT Messaging Interconnect, carriers can tap into new revenue streams and improve their competitive positioning in the rapidly evolving digital communications market.

ACARS over IP Gate Offload Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global ACARS over IP Gate Offload market size was valued at $1.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $3.6 billion by 2033, expanding at a compelling CAGR of 13.2% during 2024–2033. The primary driver behind this robust growth is the aviation industry’s accelerated adoption of digital communication solutions to enhance operational efficiency, safety, and real-time data analytics. As airlines and aviation stakeholders strive for seamless, secure, and efficient data transmission between aircraft and ground systems, the migration from traditional VHF/HF ACARS systems to IP-based gate offload solutions is being prioritized. This shift is further fueled by the increasing volume of flight data, the need for cost-effective operations, and the mounting regulatory emphasis on data integrity and cybersecurity within the aviation sector.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the ACARS over IP Gate Offload market, accounting for nearly 38% of global revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region’s mature aviation infrastructure, early adoption of advanced communication technologies, and the presence of major airlines and OEMs headquartered in the United States and Canada. Regulatory mandates from bodies such as the FAA, coupled with strong investments in research and development, have propelled North American carriers to upgrade legacy systems and embrace IP-based solutions at a rapid pace. Additionally, the region benefits from a high concentration of technology providers and system integrators, further accelerating the deployment of ACARS over IP Gate Offload solutions in both commercial and military aviation segments.

The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market, projected to expand at a remarkable CAGR of 16.5% between 2024 and 2033. This growth is driven by significant investments in aviation infrastructure, surging air passenger traffic, and the expansion of low-cost carriers across China, India, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Governments in the region are actively supporting digital transformation in aviation, while local airlines are rapidly modernizing their fleets and ground operations to meet international standards. The proliferation of new airports, coupled with strategic partnerships between regional airlines and global technology vendors, is expected to further catalyze the adoption of ACARS over IP Gate Offload solutions throughout Asia Pacific.

In emerging economies across Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, the adoption of ACARS over IP Gate Offload solutions is gaining momentum, albeit at a slower pace due to infrastructural and regulatory challenges. Limited legacy infrastructure, budget constraints, and fragmented regulatory frameworks can impede swift implementation. However, increasing demand for efficient communication, rising safety standards, and the gradual modernization of aviation fleets are creating new opportunities. Localized demand is being shaped by region-specific factors such as international partnerships, government-driven aviation initiatives, and the growing presence of multinational OEMs and MROs in these regions.

Report Scope

Carrier-Grade NAT Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT) market size reached USD 1.76 billion in 2024, reflecting robust demand across global telecommunications and enterprise networks. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.1% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 3.28 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily driven by the persistent exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, increasing data traffic, and the need for scalable, secure network address translation solutions among ISPs, mobile operators, and large enterprises. As per our latest analysis, the CGNAT market is experiencing accelerated adoption due to the convergence of digital transformation initiatives and the ongoing evolution of internet infrastructure worldwide.

One of the primary growth factors for the Carrier-Grade NAT market is the global shortage of IPv4 addresses, which has necessitated advanced network address translation solutions to enable continued expansion of internet-connected devices. With the proliferation of smartphones, IoT devices, and high-bandwidth applications, telecommunications providers and ISPs are under increasing pressure to maximize their existing IPv4 resources while preparing for eventual IPv6 migration. CGNAT solutions play a pivotal role in this context by allowing multiple end-users to share a single public IP address, thereby optimizing IP address utilization and reducing the operational costs associated with acquiring additional address blocks. This demand is further amplified by the exponential growth in internet traffic and connected devices, making CGNAT an indispensable technology for modern network infrastructures.

Another significant driver for the CGNAT market is the escalating need for security and regulatory compliance across enterprise and carrier networks. As cyber threats become more sophisticated, organizations are increasingly leveraging CGNAT to mask internal network structures, thereby minimizing the attack surface and enhancing data privacy. Additionally, regulatory requirements regarding user traceability and lawful interception are prompting service providers to deploy advanced CGNAT solutions that offer robust logging and analytics capabilities. The integration of CGNAT with next-generation firewalls and security appliances is also contributing to market growth, as enterprises seek comprehensive solutions that address both connectivity and security challenges in a unified framework.

The ongoing digital transformation across various industries, coupled with the expansion of cloud services and data centers, is further fueling the adoption of Carrier-Grade NAT solutions. Enterprises and data center operators are increasingly deploying CGNAT to support seamless connectivity for a growing number of virtual machines, cloud applications, and remote users. The scalability and flexibility offered by modern CGNAT platforms enable organizations to efficiently manage network address translation for dynamic and distributed environments. As digital ecosystems continue to evolve, the demand for high-performance, scalable, and secure CGNAT solutions is expected to remain strong, underpinning the sustained growth of the market throughout the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, North America currently leads the global CGNAT market, driven by the early adoption of advanced networking technologies and the presence of major telecommunications and cloud service providers. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, supported by rapid urbanization, increasing internet penetration, and significant investments in 5G and broadband infrastructure. Europe and Latin America are also experiencing steady growth, propelled by regulatory initiatives and the expansion of digital services. The Middle East & Africa, while still emerging, presents lucrative opportunities due to ongoing infrastructure development and rising demand for internet connectivity. Overall, regional dynamics play a crucial role in shaping the competitive landscape and growth trajectory of the global CGNAT market.

Component Analysis

The Carrier-Grade NAT market is segmented by component into hardware, software, and services, each playing a distinct and critical role in the deployment and operation of CGNAT solutions. Hardware components, such as purpose-built network appliances and routers, form the backbo

Graph and download economic data for Hours Worked for Information: Wired Telecommunications Carriers (NAICS 517311) in the United States (IPUJN517311L200000000) from 1987 to 2024 about telecom, wired, information, NAICS, hours, IP, and USA.

This foot traffic dataset offers detailed GPS-based mobility data from across the Asia region. Built for developers, urban analysts, and retail strategists, this data enables precise analysis of movement around key points of interest (POIs), districts, or regions.

Each GPS event contains:

Latitude and longitude coordinates Device ID (IDFA/GAID) Event timestamps in epoch and date format Country code Horizontal accuracy (85% fill rate) Optional IP address, carrier, and device model

The data is queryable via API by custom polygon areas, up to 10,000 tiles per request. Events can be delivered daily or hourly in Parquet, CSV, or JSON, through API or cloud endpoints (S3 or GCS). 95% of events are delivered within a 3-day lag, and data can be backfilled to September 2022.

This product is particularly well-suited for organizations operating in mobile-first Asia markets, where real-time traffic data can drive competitive advantage.

Qualitative Features:

High-resolution mobile movement around POIs Backfilled and real-time query capability Credit-based usage for scalability Compliant with global data privacy standards (GDPR, CCPA) Custom schema and delivery paths available

Use Cases:

Urban zoning and infrastructure investments Public transit and congestion planning DOOH advertising optimization Retail visitation benchmarking Location-based market entry strategy Audience mobility modeling for campaigns Disaster readiness and emergency planning

This foot traffic dataset provides GPS-based mobile movement signals from across South America. It is ideal for retailers, city agencies, advertisers, and real estate professionals seeking insights into how people move through physical locations and urban spaces.

Each record includes:

Device ID (IDFA or GAID) Timestamps (in milliseconds and readable format) GPS coordinates (lat/lon) Country code Horizontal accuracy (85%) Optional IP address, mobile carrier, and device model

Access the data via polygon queries (up to 10,000 tiles), and receive files in CSV, JSON, or Parquet, delivered hourly or daily via API, AWS S3, or Google Cloud. Data freshness is strong (95% delivered within 3 days), with full historical backfill available from September 2024.

This solution supports flexible credit-based pricing and is privacy-compliant under GDPR and CCPA.

Key Attributes:

Custom POI or polygon query capability Backfilled GPS traffic available across LATAM High-resolution movement with daily/hourly cadence GDPR/CCPA-aligned with opt-out handling Delivery via API or major cloud platforms

Use Cases:

Competitive benchmarking across malls or stores Transport and infrastructure planning Advertising attribution for outdoor/DOOH campaigns Footfall modeling for commercial leases City zoning, tourism, and planning investments Telecom & tower planning across developing corridors

_Dataset for Porous Carriers _
* Last updated: 2025-08-11

* DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16816419



_Contact_
* Hynek Beneš
* benesh@imc.cas.cz
* +420 229 809 313
* ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-1997
* Dept. of Polymer Processing, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
* Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic


_Licence_
Research data described in this ReadMe file and in this metadata deposit are confidential given their nature revealing trade secrets and infringing intellectual property (IP) rights of the parties. Anonymized data can be provided upon request by the above-described contact person. With respect to IP protection and protection of commercial interests, nondisclosure agreements will be required.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


_About the dataset_
The dataset relates to preparation of a porous activated sludge biomass carrier for biological wastewater treatment, which is based on hydrolytically degradable polyurethane foam.


_Methods of data collection_
**Sample preparation**

*Synthesis of polyols: Polyols were prepared by polycondensation of glycols and dicarboxylic acids. The calculated amount of acid was added to a three-necked glass flask and the flask was heated to elevated temperature with constant stirring for about 24 hours. The course of polymerization was controlled by determining the acid number and hydroxyl numbers. 

*Preparation of polyurethane foams: The mixture of polyol, catalysts, water and surfactant was homogenized in a plastic crucible for 5 min with a shaft stirrer (500 rpm). The appropriate isocyanate was then rapidly added to the mixture and the mixture was rapidly and intensively homogenized (2000 rpm, 60 s). The reaction mixture was then either left in the crucible or poured into an open plastic mold and freely foamed at 25 °C and subsequently cured for 24 h at 55 °C.


**Analytical methods**
*Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) measurements were performed on a modular GPC system equipped with an RI (RIDK-102, Laboratorní přístroje Praha, CZ) and a UV-vis photometric (LCD 2084, Ecom s.r.o., CZ) detector, with two PLgel 1000Å and 50Å columns (Polymer Laboratories, UK), mobile phase: tetrahydrofuran, 1ml.min-1. 

*Determination of hydroxyl number of the synthesized polyols was determined by the titration acetylation method according to ISO 2554-1974.

*Determination of acid number: The determination of acid number was carried out according to ASTM D 4662-93.

*The bulk density was determined according to ČSN EN ISO 845 (2010).

*The open cell content was determined pycnometrically according to ASTM D6226-21.

*The average cell size was determined from optical micrographs of the foams taken with a digital microscope camera 
PRO (Toolcraft) and evaluated using ImageJ 1.52r software by counting at least 100 cells.

*The water absorption was determined according to ISO 2896:2001 by immersing the sample in distilled water for 24 hours.

*FT-IR spectra were measured by the ATR-FTIR method on a Spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer, USA) in the wavenumber range of 650–4000 cm-1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm-1 as an average of 16 scans for each sample. 

*Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Micrographs of PU foams were taken on a Vega Plus TS 5135 electron microscope (Tescan) with an accelerating voltage of 30 kV.

*CHN elemental analysis was performed on a CHNS/O FlashSmart Elemental Analyzer (Thermo Scientific).

*Dynamic mechanical and thermal analysis (DMTA) measurement was performed on an ARES G2 rheometer (TA Instruments, USA), when the sample was between −80 °C and +150 °C at a linear heating rate of 3 °C/min in a nitrogen atmosphere. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the material was determined as the maximum loss factor (tan delta).

*Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): Thermal stability of the samples was measured on a TGA Pyris 1 Perkin Elmer. A sample weighing approximately 10 mg was heated at a constant rate of 10 °C/min from 30 °C to 600 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, the nitrogen flow rate was 25 ml/min.


_Methods of data processing_
The dataset contains only raw data as no processing was necessary for their evaluation. 


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_File formats_
* SEC chromatograms – CSV 
* SEM and OM images – TIFF files
* FT-IR spectra – original SP + converted ASC
* DMTA data – converted from XSLX to CSV
* TGA records – original TG1D + converted TXT
* Tabular data – converted from XSLX to CSV
* Text documents – converted from DOCX to PDF

_Date formats_
* YYYY-MM-DD
* HH-MM-SS 24hr format

_Units and abbreviations_
* All FTIR spectra are in Wavenumber (cm^-1) vs Absorbance (-)
* All SEC chromatograms are in Time (min) vs Signal Intensity (-)
* All DMTA are in Temperature (°C) vs Moduli (Pa)
* All TGA records are in Temperature (°C) vs Weight (mg)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This location data API product covers Asia, with real-time and historical access to anonymized mobile GPS signals. Developers and analysts can query polygon-based movement patterns, access bulk downloads, or stream data via API endpoints.

Each record includes device ID, timestamp, coordinates, horizontal accuracy, and country code. Compatible with Parquet, CSV, or JSON output formats. Optional fields include IP address and device carrier.

Ideal for logistics companies, telcos, transportation analysts, and regional planning teams across Asia Pacific. Use cases include traffic modeling, geofencing, retail mobility, and cross-border audience targeting.

Historical data back to September 2024 available upon request. GDPR/CCPA compliant.

Graph and download economic data for Employment for Finance and Insurance: Insurance Carriers (NAICS 5241) in the United States (IPUKN5241W200000000) from 1987 to 2024 about finance, insurance, NAICS, IP, employment, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Sectoral Output for Information: Wired Telecommunications Carriers (NAICS 517311) in the United States (IPUJN517311T300000000) from 1987 to 2024 about telecom, wired, information, NAICS, IP, production, and USA.

This location data API product covers Oceania, with real-time and historical access to anonymized mobile GPS signals. Developers and analysts can query polygon-based movement patterns, access bulk downloads, or stream data via API endpoints.

Each record includes device ID, timestamp, coordinates, horizontal accuracy, and country code. Compatible with Parquet, CSV, or JSON output formats. Optional fields include IP address and device carrier.

Ideal for logistics companies, telcos, transportation analysts, and regional planning teams across Asia Pacific. Use cases include traffic modeling, geofencing, retail mobility, and cross-border audience targeting.

Historical data back to September 2024 available upon request. GDPR/CCPA compliant.

Graph and download economic data for Labor Compensation for Information: Wired Telecommunications Carriers (NAICS 517311) in the United States (IPUJN517311U110000000) from 1987 to 2024 about telecom, wired, information, compensation, NAICS, IP, labor, and USA.