Geo Open is an IP address geolocation per country in MMDB format. The database can be used as a replacement for software using the MMDB format. Information about MMDB format: https://maxmind.github.io/MaxMind-DB/ Open source server using Geo Open: https://github.com/adulau/mmdb-server Open source library to read MMDB file: https://github.com/maxmind/MaxMind-DB-Reader-python Historical dataset: https://cra.circl.lu/opendata/geo-open/ The database is automatically generated from public BGP AS announces matching the country code. The precision is at country level.

Database of IPv4 address networks with their respective geographical location.

Based on GeoLite2 Country Free Downloadable Databases as of Apr 21, 2015 http://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/...

The IP address lookup market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing reliance on online services and the expanding digital footprint across various sectors. The market's size in 2025 is estimated at $1.5 billion, projecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors: the proliferation of connected devices (IoT), the heightened demand for precise geolocation data for cybersecurity and fraud prevention, and the escalating need for personalized online experiences. Furthermore, the growing adoption of cloud-based solutions simplifies deployment and reduces costs, bolstering market growth. The market is segmented by application (SMEs and large enterprises) and type (cloud-based and on-premises). Cloud-based solutions currently dominate due to their scalability and cost-effectiveness, although on-premises deployments remain significant for organizations with stringent data security requirements. Large enterprises currently represent a larger share of the market due to their greater need for comprehensive IP address lookup solutions, but the SME segment is predicted to show faster growth due to increasing digital adoption. Geographic distribution showcases strong growth across North America and Europe, driven by mature digital infrastructures and high adoption rates. However, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East & Africa are anticipated to demonstrate significant growth potential in the coming years due to increasing internet penetration and digital transformation initiatives. Market restraints include concerns surrounding data privacy and regulations like GDPR, which necessitate robust compliance measures. Competition among numerous players, including MaxMind, IP2Location, and IPinfo, is intense, requiring continuous innovation and value-added service offerings to maintain a competitive edge. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the IP address lookup market remains positive, with consistent growth projected throughout the forecast period driven by continuous technological advancements and increasing demand for location-based services. The rise of AI and machine learning will further enhance the accuracy and efficiency of IP address lookup technologies, shaping future market trends.

The IP address lookup market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing reliance on location-based services, cybersecurity advancements, and the expanding digital footprint across various industries. The market, currently valued at approximately $250 million in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising demand for precise geolocation data for targeted advertising, fraud prevention, and personalized user experiences is a major catalyst. Secondly, the heightened concern regarding data privacy and security necessitates advanced IP address lookup solutions, leading to increased adoption among businesses of all sizes. Finally, the proliferation of IoT devices and the expanding use of cloud-based services further amplify the need for efficient and accurate IP address lookups. The market is segmented by application (SMEs and large enterprises) and by type (cloud-based and on-premises solutions), with cloud-based solutions dominating due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of implementation. The competitive landscape features a mix of established players and emerging vendors, each offering diverse solutions to meet varying market demands. While some companies focus on comprehensive databases offering granular location details, others concentrate on providing APIs for seamless integration into existing systems. Regional growth varies, with North America and Europe currently holding a significant market share. However, rapidly developing economies in Asia-Pacific are expected to exhibit accelerated growth in the coming years, driven by increasing internet penetration and digital transformation initiatives. Restraints on market growth include concerns about data accuracy, potential privacy violations, and the emergence of new technologies that may offer alternative approaches to geolocation. Despite these challenges, the overall outlook for the IP address lookup market remains positive, with strong growth anticipated throughout the forecast period.

The IP address lookup market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for geolocation services, cybersecurity solutions, and fraud prevention measures across various industries. The market's expansion is fueled by the proliferation of internet-connected devices, the rise of big data analytics, and the growing need for accurate user identification and location tracking. While cloud-based solutions dominate due to scalability and cost-effectiveness, on-premises deployments remain significant for organizations with stringent data security requirements. Large enterprises are major consumers, leveraging IP address lookups for targeted advertising, network security, and compliance purposes. SMEs, however, are increasingly adopting these solutions to improve customer experience and optimize online operations. The market is geographically diverse, with North America and Europe currently leading, but Asia-Pacific is projected to witness significant growth in the coming years due to rapid digitalization and expanding internet penetration. Competition is intense, with a mix of established players and emerging startups offering a range of services, from basic IP geolocation to advanced data intelligence and fraud detection tools. Factors hindering market growth include data privacy concerns, increasing regulatory scrutiny, and the potential for inaccurate or outdated IP data. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued market expansion, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) driving substantial revenue increases. This growth will be fueled by technological advancements in IP geolocation accuracy, integration with other analytical tools, and the emergence of innovative applications within industries like e-commerce, fintech, and advertising. While challenges related to data privacy and accuracy persist, ongoing innovation and industry consolidation are poised to mitigate these risks and drive wider adoption. The market segmentation will likely remain stable, with the continued dominance of cloud-based solutions and strong demand from both large enterprises and SMEs. Regional variations will persist, reflecting differing levels of digital infrastructure and regulatory frameworks across the globe. However, emerging economies in Asia-Pacific are likely to significantly increase their market share throughout the forecast period.

IP Geolocation Software Market Outlook

The global IP geolocation software market size is projected to grow from USD 1.2 billion in 2023 to USD 2.8 billion by 2032, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10%. This robust growth can be attributed to the increasing need for advanced geolocation solutions across various industries to enhance security, customer experience, and regulatory compliance. The exponential rise in internet users and the proliferation of connected devices are significantly driving the demand for IP geolocation software worldwide.

One of the primary growth factors for the IP geolocation software market is the escalating concerns over cybersecurity. With the increasing incidence of cyber-attacks and fraud, organizations are compelled to adopt sophisticated geolocation tools to pinpoint the source of threats, thereby mitigating risks. The ability of these tools to deliver real-time location data enhances their appeal among enterprises looking to bolster their security infrastructure. Furthermore, regulatory mandates across industries, especially in regions like Europe and North America, necessitate the use of location-based authentication and monitoring, further propelling the market growth.

Another significant driver is the growing adoption of geomarketing. Businesses are leveraging geolocation data to create personalized marketing campaigns, which can lead to higher conversion rates and customer satisfaction. The ability to track customer locations and deliver location-specific advertisements is proving to be a game-changer in the retail and e-commerce sectors. Moreover, advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence are augmenting the capabilities of IP geolocation software, enabling more precise and actionable insights.

The surge in the usage of cloud services is also contributing to the market expansion. Cloud-based IP geolocation solutions offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, making them an attractive option for businesses of all sizes. These solutions facilitate seamless integration with existing systems and provide real-time data analytics, which are crucial for making informed decisions. The trend toward digital transformation across various sectors, including BFSI, retail, and telecommunications, is further amplifying the demand for cloud-based geolocation services.

From a regional perspective, North America holds a dominant position in the IP geolocation software market, driven by the presence of leading technology companies and high internet penetration rates. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period. Factors such as the rapid digitalization of economies, increasing internet user base, and rising investments in cybersecurity infrastructure are accelerating the market growth in this region. Europe also presents significant growth opportunities due to stringent data privacy laws and robust adoption of advanced technologies across various sectors.

Component Analysis

The IP geolocation software market is segmented by component into software and services. The software segment is expected to hold the largest market share, driven by the increasing need for sophisticated geolocation tools that offer real-time data analytics and enhanced security features. Businesses are investing heavily in software solutions to leverage geolocation data for various applications such as fraud detection, customer experience enhancement, and compliance. The continuous advancements in software technology, including the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, are further boosting the adoption of IP geolocation software.

On the other hand, the services segment is also poised for substantial growth. As businesses increasingly adopt geolocation software, the demand for associated services such as consulting, implementation, and support is rising. Service providers play a crucial role in helping organizations effectively deploy and manage geolocation solutions, ensuring they derive maximum value from their investments. The growing complexity of cybersecurity threats and the need for specialized expertise in handling geolocation data are key factors driving the demand for services in this market.

Moreover, the rise of managed services is another notable trend within the services segment. Many organizations prefer outsourcing the management of their geolocation solutions to third-party providers to focus on their core business activities. Managed service providers offer end-to-end solutions, including continuo

The IP Geo-location Service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of location-based services across various sectors. The market, estimated at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $15 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled primarily by the burgeoning demand from OTT content providers seeking to personalize user experiences, online retailers striving for targeted advertising and optimized delivery, and gaming operators needing accurate player location for fair play and regional content delivery. Furthermore, the rise of IoT devices and the expanding need for cybersecurity solutions are significantly contributing to market growth. Cloud-based solutions are dominating the market due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of integration, while the on-premise segment retains a niche for enterprises with stringent security requirements. North America currently holds the largest market share, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific, reflecting the higher penetration of internet and mobile technologies in these regions. However, several factors restrain market growth. Data privacy concerns and regulations, such as GDPR, are creating challenges for data collection and usage. Accuracy issues related to IP geolocation, particularly in densely populated areas, remain a concern. Furthermore, the emergence of alternative location technologies, like GPS and Wi-Fi positioning, poses a potential competitive threat. Despite these challenges, the overall market outlook for IP geolocation services remains positive, driven by ongoing technological advancements, increasing data demand from various sectors, and the rising adoption of location-based services globally. The competitive landscape is marked by a mix of established players and emerging companies, leading to innovation and increased service offerings. Strategic partnerships and acquisitions are expected to further shape the market dynamics in the coming years.

IP Geolocation Solutions Market Outlook

In 2023, the IP Geolocation Solutions market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion and is projected to reach USD 8.1 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.5% during the forecast period. This robust growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for location-based services, the rising importance of customer behavior insights, and enhanced regulatory compliance requirements across various industries. As businesses continue to embrace digital transformation, the utility of IP geolocation solutions in tailoring content, detecting fraud, and ensuring compliance is driving a sustained demand upward trajectory. The market's continued growth is further propelled by advancements in technology and the widespread adoption of internet-enabled devices globally.

The burgeoning demand for sophisticated fraud detection mechanisms is a significant growth factor in the IP Geolocation Solutions market. As cyber threats become increasingly complex and frequent, businesses are investing heavily in advanced geolocation technologies to bolster their fraud detection capabilities. These solutions enable organizations to identify suspicious transactions and activities by analyzing location data, which plays a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with online fraud. Furthermore, industries such as banking, finance, and e-commerce are increasingly relying on these solutions to secure transactions and build consumer trust. This growing dependency on IP geolocation technologies for fraud prevention and detection is expected to continue fueling the market's expansion.

Content personalization represents another substantial growth driver for the IP Geolocation Solutions market. As consumer expectations for tailored experiences increase, businesses are leveraging geolocation data to offer more personalized and relevant content. This trend is particularly prominent in the media and entertainment industry, where location-based data is used to deliver location-specific content and advertisements, significantly enhancing customer engagement and satisfaction. In addition, geolocation solutions are being utilized in the retail sector to provide customized offers and promotions, further boosting their market adoption. As businesses strive to enhance customer loyalty and retention, the demand for content personalization solutions is anticipated to rise, contributing to the market's growth.

Compliance and regulatory requirements are also fueling the adoption of IP geolocation solutions. With the introduction of data protection laws like GDPR and CCPA, organizations are under increased pressure to manage and protect user data effectively. Geolocation solutions aid in ensuring compliance by enabling businesses to track and record user locations, thus helping to determine jurisdictional regulations. Moreover, these solutions assist in managing cross-border data transfers, ensuring that companies remain compliant with international regulations. As regulatory scrutiny intensifies globally, the necessity for geolocation solutions to assist in compliance efforts is poised to drive market growth significantly.

The regional outlook of the IP Geolocation Solutions market reveals significant growth prospects across various geographies. North America, with its advanced technological infrastructure and high adoption rates of location-based services, holds a substantial market share. The presence of major market players and the increasing implementation of geolocation solutions in sectors such as retail and BFSI further bolster the region's market position. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest CAGR during the forecast period, fueled by rapid digitalization, expanding e-commerce activities, and growing governmental initiatives for smart city projects. Europe also presents promising growth opportunities, driven by stringent regulatory frameworks and a strong focus on data protection. As these regions continue to innovate and adopt new technologies, the IP Geolocation Solutions market is set to experience substantial growth globally.

Component Analysis

The IP Geolocation Solutions market, segmented by component into software and services, reflects a diverse range of offerings tailored to different business needs. The software segment encompasses a variety of applications designed to analyze and utilize location data, offering features such as real-time tracking, data analysis, and integration capabilities. These advanced software solutions provide businesses with the tools to extract valuable insights from location dat

The IP Address Intelligence Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing cybersecurity concerns, the expansion of online businesses, and the need for precise geolocation data for various applications. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2.5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key trends, including the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions, the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks requiring advanced threat detection, and the growing demand for personalized user experiences enabled by precise location data. Key players like MaxMind, apilayer, and IP Info are actively shaping the market landscape through innovation in data accuracy, speed, and comprehensive data offerings. While data privacy regulations pose a restraint, the market's overall trajectory remains positive, driven by the ever-increasing reliance on IP address data for fraud prevention, network security, and targeted advertising. The market segmentation includes various solutions catering to different needs, such as threat intelligence, geolocation, and data enrichment. The North American and European regions are currently dominating the market due to a higher concentration of technology companies and stringent data security regulations. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years due to increasing internet penetration and digital transformation across various sectors. Furthermore, the continuous evolution of technologies like AI and machine learning is expected to further refine IP address intelligence, leading to improved accuracy and efficiency in identifying and mitigating risks. The competitive landscape remains dynamic, with both established players and new entrants vying for market share through innovation and strategic partnerships. Future growth will hinge on the ability of companies to adapt to evolving regulatory landscapes, offer innovative solutions, and address the escalating cybersecurity threats.

Maxmind IP Geolocation Archival Data Because of GDPR concerns, Maxmind doesn't provide historical data. We have used this data to do historical studies of IP data for MTurk, etc. and it is quite possible that such data would be useful elsewhere. Maxmind changed its db format from geolite to geolite2 and you will need to use its respective packages for the two formats to read the binary files. The data is provided for research purposes alone.

A collection of router interface IP addresses geolocated to the city level. 11,857 IP addressed geolocated based on DNS names and 4,838 IP addresses geolocated based on RTT proximity to RIPE Atlas probes. The DNS-based data was created on May 15, 2016. The RTT-proximity data was created from measurements collected on May 25, 2016. The total number of addresses in the dataset is 16586 (109 addresses found to be common between the two sources of data with very similar locations). Data supplement for paper M. Gharaibeh, A. Shah, B. Huffaker, H. Zhang, R. Ensafi, and C. Papadopoulos, A Look at Router Geolocation in Public and Commercial Databases, Proc. Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), Nov 2017.

IP Geo-Location Service Market Outlook

The global IP Geo-Location Service market size was valued at approximately $2.3 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $5.8 billion by 2032, growing at a remarkable CAGR of 11.2% during the forecast period. The primary growth factor driving this market is the increasing demand for real-time data analytics and enhanced security measures across various industries.

The burgeoning need for advanced cybersecurity solutions is a significant growth factor for the IP Geo-Location Service market. As cyber threats become more sophisticated, organizations are compelled to adopt geo-location services to pinpoint the physical location of IP addresses for fraud detection and prevention. This is particularly relevant in sectors such as BFSI and healthcare, where data breaches can have severe implications. The ability to accurately locate users can help in identifying and neutralizing potential threats, thereby ensuring data integrity and security.

Additionally, the proliferation of digital marketing and personalized content delivery is another catalyst for market growth. Businesses are increasingly leveraging geo-location data to enhance customer engagement through targeted advertising and personalized content. This is particularly significant in retail and media sectors, where understanding consumer behavior and preferences can lead to more effective marketing strategies. The ability to offer localized content not only improves user experience but also drives higher conversion rates, thereby boosting revenue streams.

The versatility of IP Geo-Location Services in compliance and regulatory adherence is another driving force. With the advent of stringent data protection regulations such as GDPR and CCPA, organizations are required to ensure that data is processed and stored in compliance with regional laws. Geo-location services aid in this by providing accurate data on where IP addresses are originating from, thus helping organizations avoid hefty fines and legal repercussions. This compliance capability is crucial for multinational companies operating across different jurisdictions.

Regional outlook for the IP Geo-Location Service market indicates significant growth across various geographies. North America is expected to hold a dominant position due to the early adoption of advanced technologies and the presence of key market players. Europe is projected to grow steadily, driven by stringent data protection laws and increasing awareness about cybersecurity. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate, fueled by rapid digital transformation and increasing internet penetration. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to contribute to market growth, albeit at a slower pace compared to other regions.

Component Analysis

When dissecting the IP Geo-Location Service market by component, we find that it is broadly segmented into software and services. The software segment encompasses various solutions, including IP location databases, API services, and SDKs, which are integral for real-time IP address tracking and analysis. The growing need for accurate and reliable geo-location data is driving the demand for advanced software solutions. These solutions are essential for businesses to enhance their cybersecurity measures, improve customer targeting, and comply with regulatory requirements.

The services segment, on the other hand, includes professional services such as consulting, training, and support, as well as managed services. Professional services are crucial for organizations to understand and implement geo-location technologies effectively. They offer expertise in setting up, configuring, and maintaining IP geo-location systems, ensuring optimal performance and compliance. Managed services provide ongoing support, monitoring, and management of geo-location solutions, allowing businesses to focus on their core operations while ensuring their geo-location needs are met.

The software segment is expected to hold a larger market share due to the increasing adoption of advanced geo-location solutions across various industries. The rise of cloud computing and the growing preference for SaaS (Software as a Service) models are also contributing to the growth of the software segment. These solutions offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, making them an attractive option for businesses of all sizes.

However, the services segment is anticipated to grow at a significant rate during the fore

IP Geo Location Service Market Outlook

The IP geo location service market size was valued at approximately USD 2.3 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 6.8 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.7% during the forecast period. The rising demand for personalized content and targeted advertising is a significant growth factor driving this market. As organizations increasingly seek to enhance user experience and optimize marketing efforts, the adoption of IP geo location services is expected to surge.

One of the primary growth factors for the IP geo location service market is the growing need for robust fraud detection mechanisms. Financial institutions and e-commerce platforms are continuously exposed to fraudulent activities, making it imperative to deploy advanced IP geo location services to identify and mitigate risks. The ability to pinpoint the exact location of a user helps in verifying the legitimacy of transactions and reducing fraudulent occurrences. This, in turn, propels the market growth as companies invest heavily in sophisticated fraud detection technologies.

Another significant driver is the increasing importance of compliance with data protection and privacy regulations. With stringent regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), organizations are mandated to ensure data is processed and stored in compliance with regional laws. IP geo location services aid in identifying the geographical location of data subjects, thereby facilitating adherence to regulatory requirements. This growing focus on regulatory compliance is expected to fuel the market demand for IP geo location services.

Moreover, the rising trend of content personalization and geotargeting across various industries is contributing to market expansion. Businesses are leveraging IP geo location services to tailor content based on the user's geographic location, enhancing the relevance and effectiveness of digital marketing campaigns. The ability to deliver localized content and advertisements in real-time boosts user engagement and conversion rates. Consequently, companies across sectors such as retail, media, and entertainment are increasingly adopting geo-location services to stay competitive and meet consumer expectations.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the IP geo location service market, driven by the presence of major technology companies and a robust digital infrastructure. The region's focus on advanced cybersecurity measures and the adoption of innovative IT solutions further bolster market growth. Europe follows closely, with high compliance standards and widespread digitalization across industries. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, attributed to the rapid expansion of the IT sector and increasing internet penetration. The growing emphasis on digital transformation in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa also presents substantial growth opportunities for the market.

Component Analysis

The IP geo location service market by component is segmented into software and services. The software segment holds a dominant share, driven by the adoption of advanced IP geo location software solutions for various applications. These software solutions enable real-time tracking, analysis, and reporting of IP addresses, providing valuable insights for businesses. The increasing demand for scalable and efficient software solutions is propelling the growth of this segment. Furthermore, continuous advancements in software technologies and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities enhance the functionalities of IP geo location software, driving further adoption.

Additionally, the services segment is witnessing substantial growth, with organizations increasingly relying on professional services for the implementation, maintenance, and optimization of IP geo location solutions. Managed services and consulting services are in high demand as businesses seek expert guidance to maximize the benefits of geo-location technologies. The growing complexity of geo-location solutions and the need for seamless integration with existing IT infrastructure are driving the demand for specialized services. Consequently, service providers are expanding their offerings to meet the evolving needs of clients and enhance th

The IP Geolocation Solution market is a rapidly evolving sector that harnesses the power of internet protocol (IP) address data to determine the physical location of users and devices across the globe. This technology finds extensive applications in various industries such as e-commerce, digital marketing, cybersecu

Traffic analytics, rankings, and competitive metrics for ipgeolocation.io as of June 2025

The Near Real Time (NRT) VIIRS/JPSS2 Imagery Resolution Terrain Corrected Geolocation 6-Min L1 Swath, short-name VJ203IMG_NRT is the Joint Polar-orbiting Satellite System-2 (JPSS-2/NOAA-21) platform-derived NASA VIIRS L1 terrain-corrected geolocation product and contains the derived line-of-sight (LOS) vectors for each of the 375-m image-resolution or I-bands. The geolocation algorithm uses a number of inputs that include an Earth ellipsoid, geoid, and a digital terrain model along with the SNPP platform's ephemeris and attitude data, and knowledge of the VIIRS sensor and satellite geometry. It produces geodetic coordinates (latitude and longitude), and related parameters for each VIIRS L1 pixel. The VJ203IMG product includes geodetic latitude, longitude, surface height above the geoid, solar zenith and azimuth angles, sensor zenith and azimuth angles, land/water mask, and quality flag for every pixel location. VJ203IMG provides a fundamental input to derive a number of VIIRS I-band higher-level products.The J2 VIIRS geolocation underwent an on-orbit validation. Geolocation errors of about 350 m in the along-scan direction and about 165 m in the along-track direction were corrected for the image-resolution bands and moderate-resolution bands. The Day-Night band (DNB) geolocation error of about 2000 m was corrected. Further, the geolocation biases in the scan profile were also corrected. All these corrections bring the geolocation uncertainties for the J2 L1 products to within 75 m (1-sigma) in both the along-scan and along-track directions.

Location Intelligence Market Outlook

The global location intelligence market is poised to experience substantial growth, with a market size valued at approximately USD 15 billion in 2023, projected to reach USD 45 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 13%. This growth trajectory is attributed to the increasing adoption of location-based services across various industries which are propelling the need for sophisticated analysis and interpretation of geographical data. The primary growth drivers include technological advancements in geospatial analytics, increased usage of smart devices, and the rising demand for efficient business operations through location-based insights.

Technological advancements have played a pivotal role in the proliferation of location intelligence solutions. The evolution of spatial data technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), GPS advancements, and enhanced data analytics platforms, has revolutionized the way businesses interpret and utilize geographical data. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has further enhanced the capabilities of location intelligence software, allowing for more accurate predictions and real-time data analysis. These innovations are enabling enterprises to make more informed decisions, optimizing operational efficiency and customer engagement strategies.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing penetration of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT). The proliferation of smartphones and connected devices generates vast amounts of location-based data that businesses can leverage to gain deeper insights into consumer behavior and preferences. This trend is further supported by increasing internet connectivity and digital transformation across sectors, which is facilitating the deployment of location-based services and solutions on a larger scale. As businesses continue to explore new ways to enhance customer experience and improve service delivery, location intelligence solutions are becoming an integral component of strategic planning and decision-making.

The rising demand for operational efficiency and business optimization is also propelling the growth of the location intelligence market. Organizations across various sectors, such as retail, transportation, and logistics, are increasingly leveraging location-based insights to streamline operations, reduce costs, and improve service delivery. For instance, businesses are using location analytics to optimize supply chain management, enhance fleet management, and improve route planning, leading to significant cost savings and improved operational efficiency. Furthermore, location intelligence solutions are aiding companies in identifying new market opportunities and enhancing customer engagement through targeted marketing strategies.

IP Geolocation Solutions are becoming increasingly vital in the realm of location intelligence, offering businesses the ability to pinpoint the geographical location of their online users. This capability is crucial for enhancing customer engagement and personalizing user experiences. By integrating IP geolocation data with existing location intelligence systems, companies can gain a more comprehensive understanding of user behavior and preferences. This integration allows for the development of targeted marketing strategies and improved service delivery, ultimately leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. As businesses continue to prioritize customer-centric approaches, the demand for IP Geolocation Solutions is expected to grow, further driving the expansion of the location intelligence market.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the location intelligence market, driven by the presence of key market players and early adoption of advanced technologies. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate, fueled by rapid urbanization, increasing smartphone penetration, and the growing adoption of digital services. Europe is also expected to contribute significantly to market growth, supported by technological advancements and widespread adoption across industries. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America regions are projected to experience moderate growth, driven by increasing investments in digital infrastructure and rising demand for location-based services.

Component Analysis

The location intelligence market is segmented by component into soft

IP Geolocation dataset contains the location information of IP addresses of 7 /8s (210 212 213 220 221 222 223) and also the raw probing data.

Login Data Set for Risk-Based Authentication

Synthesized login feature data of >33M login attempts and >3.3M users on a large-scale online service in Norway. Original data collected between February 2020 and February 2021.

This data sets aims to foster research and development for Risk-Based Authentication (RBA) systems. The data was synthesized from the real-world login behavior of more than 3.3M users at a large-scale single sign-on (SSO) online service in Norway.

The users used this SSO to access sensitive data provided by the online service, e.g., a cloud storage and billing information. We used this data set to study how the Freeman et al. (2016) RBA model behaves on a large-scale online service in the real world (see Publication). The synthesized data set can reproduce these results made on the original data set (see Study Reproduction). Beyond that, you can use this data set to evaluate and improve RBA algorithms under real-world conditions.

WARNING: The feature values are plausible, but still totally artificial. Therefore, you should NOT use this data set in productive systems, e.g., intrusion detection systems.

Overview

The data set contains the following features related to each login attempt on the SSO:

    Feature
    Data Type
    Description
    Range or Example




    IP Address
    String
    IP address belonging to the login attempt
    0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255


    Country
    String
    Country derived from the IP address
    US


    Region
    String
    Region derived from the IP address
    New York


    City
    String
    City derived from the IP address
    Rochester


    ASN
    Integer
    Autonomous system number derived from the IP address
    0 - 600000


    User Agent String
    String
    User agent string submitted by the client
    Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; ...


    OS Name and Version
    String
    Operating system name and version derived from the user agent string
    Windows 10


    Browser Name and Version
    String
    Browser name and version derived from the user agent string
    Chrome 70.0.3538


    Device Type
    String
    Device type derived from the user agent string
    (mobile, desktop, tablet, bot, unknown)1


    User ID
    Integer
    Idenfication number related to the affected user account
    [Random pseudonym]


    Login Timestamp
    Integer
    Timestamp related to the login attempt
    [64 Bit timestamp]


    Round-Trip Time (RTT) [ms]
    Integer
    Server-side measured latency between client and server
    1 - 8600000


    Login Successful
    Boolean
    True: Login was successful, False: Login failed
    (true, false)


    Is Attack IP
    Boolean
    IP address was found in known attacker data set
    (true, false)


    Is Account Takeover
    Boolean
    Login attempt was identified as account takeover by incident response team of the online service
    (true, false)

Data Creation

As the data set targets RBA systems, especially the Freeman et al. (2016) model, the statistical feature probabilities between all users, globally and locally, are identical for the categorical data. All the other data was randomly generated while maintaining logical relations and timely order between the features.

The timestamps, however, are not identical and contain randomness. The feature values related to IP address and user agent string were randomly generated by publicly available data, so they were very likely not present in the real data set. The RTTs resemble real values but were randomly assigned among users per geolocation. Therefore, the RTT entries were probably in other positions in the original data set.

The country was randomly assigned per unique feature value. Based on that, we randomly assigned an ASN related to the country, and generated the IP addresses for this ASN. The cities and regions were derived from the generated IP addresses for privacy reasons and do not reflect the real logical relations from the original data set.

The device types are identical to the real data set. Based on that, we randomly assigned the OS, and based on the OS the browser information. From this information, we randomly generated the user agent string. Therefore, all the logical relations regarding the user agent are identical as in the real data set.

The RTT was randomly drawn from the login success status and synthesized geolocation data. We did this to ensure that the RTTs are realistic ones.

Regarding the Data Values

Due to unresolvable conflicts during the data creation, we had to assign some unrealistic IP addresses and ASNs that are not present in the real world. Nevertheless, these do not have any effects on the risk scores generated by the Freeman et al. (2016) model.

You can recognize them by the following values:

ASNs with values >= 500.000

IP addresses in the range 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8 CIDR range)

Study Reproduction

Based on our evaluation, this data set can reproduce our study results regarding the RBA behavior of an RBA model using the IP address (IP address, country, and ASN) and user agent string (Full string, OS name and version, browser name and version, device type) as features.

The calculated RTT significances for countries and regions inside Norway are not identical using this data set, but have similar tendencies. The same is true for the Median RTTs per country. This is due to the fact that the available number of entries per country, region, and city changed with the data creation procedure. However, the RTTs still reflect the real-world distributions of different geolocations by city.

See RESULTS.md for more details.

Ethics

By using the SSO service, the users agreed in the data collection and evaluation for research purposes. For study reproduction and fostering RBA research, we agreed with the data owner to create a synthesized data set that does not allow re-identification of customers.

The synthesized data set does not contain any sensitive data values, as the IP addresses, browser identifiers, login timestamps, and RTTs were randomly generated and assigned.

Publication

You can find more details on our conducted study in the following journal article:

Pump Up Password Security! Evaluating and Enhancing Risk-Based Authentication on a Real-World Large-Scale Online Service (2022) Stephan Wiefling, Paul René Jørgensen, Sigurd Thunem, and Luigi Lo Iacono. ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security

Bibtex

@article{Wiefling_Pump_2022, author = {Wiefling, Stephan and Jørgensen, Paul René and Thunem, Sigurd and Lo Iacono, Luigi}, title = {Pump {Up} {Password} {Security}! {Evaluating} and {Enhancing} {Risk}-{Based} {Authentication} on a {Real}-{World} {Large}-{Scale} {Online} {Service}}, journal = {{ACM} {Transactions} on {Privacy} and {Security}}, doi = {10.1145/3546069}, publisher = {ACM}, year = {2022} }

License

This data set and the contents of this repository are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. See the LICENSE file for details. If the data set is used within a publication, the following journal article has to be cited as the source of the data set:

Stephan Wiefling, Paul René Jørgensen, Sigurd Thunem, and Luigi Lo Iacono: Pump Up Password Security! Evaluating and Enhancing Risk-Based Authentication on a Real-World Large-Scale Online Service. In: ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (2022). doi: 10.1145/3546069

Few (invalid) user agents strings from the original data set could not be parsed, so their device type is empty. Perhaps this parse error is useful information for your studies, so we kept these 1526 entries.↩︎

The IP Geolocation Software market is an integral segment of the tech industry, providing vital insights into user locations based on their IP addresses. By accurately determining geographic locations, this software enables businesses to offer personalized services, enhance security protocols, and improve customer e