2021 was quite a year for initial public offers (IPOs) in the United States, which was largely influenced by the significant rise in the number of special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) who went public. In 2021, there were ***** initial public offerings (IPOs) in the United States. In 2022 and 2023, however, the number of IPOs dropped to *** and *** respectively. 2024 saw a rise in the number of IPOs, reaching *** by the end of the year. What does it mean to go public? The management of a private company has a lot of control over its operation, but raising funds from investors is more difficult. To access funds from regular investors, that is the general public, firms go public by offering stock shares at a certain price. As a result, these firms often have more capital to work with. An IPO can, and often does, raise ******** of dollars for a firm. However, publicly traded companies also face increased regulation and disclosure requirements. Staying private Some firms delay going public for a longer time, in spite of their increasing value. If their valuation goes above *********** U.S. dollars, these firms are called unicorns, and the highest valued unicorns are mostly based in the U.S. and China. Some firms, such as SpaceX, are still heavily investing in research and development projects, which shareholders often dislike due to low short-run dividends. At the moment, most unicorns are found in the technology sector, which is also the leading sector for IPOs in the United States. This indicates that investors consider this to be the industry most likely to see growth, and thus most worth investing in when companies go public.

More initial public offerings (IPOs) occurred in India in 2024 than any other region or country worldwide, with ***. The United States followed, with *** IPOs in that year. The ASEAN countries rounded up the top three, with a combined number of IPOs amounting to ***. Why make an IPO? Private companies have a lot of control over their companies, but their funding sources are limited. While some of these companies have achieved valuations over one billion U.S. dollars, called unicorns, most have trouble finding the cash to grow their business. To open themselves to public investors, they make an initial offering of shares of stock. The largest IPOs are worth billions of U.S. dollars. Timing is everything The timing of an IPO can have a huge impact on its performance, which is as important for investors as it is for the companies themselves. As such, many investors watch to see who is next in line to make an IPO. The right play at the wrong time is the wrong play and might result in a negative return. While underwriters and consultants can mitigate some risk factors, markets are inherently unpredictable. As such, an IPO always carries risk, with hopes of the reward of an infusion of capital.

China Share Issued: Number of Company: CSRC: H Share: IPO data was reported at 1.000 Unit in Apr 2008. This stayed constant from the previous number of 1.000 Unit for Mar 2008. China Share Issued: Number of Company: CSRC: H Share: IPO data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 Unit from Jan 1992 (Median) to Apr 2008, with 196 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.000 Unit in Dec 2006 and a record low of 0.000 Unit in Feb 2008. China Share Issued: Number of Company: CSRC: H Share: IPO data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Securities Regulatory Commission. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC): Share Issued.

In 2024, there were **** initial public offerings (IPOs) in Germany, compared to ***** in 2023. The IPOs displayed refer to the EU regulated market (Prime Standard), which is an organized market as well as a legally regulated stock segment where conditions for approval and follow-up obligations are also regulated by the law.

In 2023, a total of 414 companies went public on stock exchanges in Greater China. The number was lower than in the previous year despite the economic recovery after the outbreak of COVID-19. In recent years, stock exchanges in mainland China were able to increase their attractiveness for Chinese companies. As a result, more companies list on domestic stock markets.

China Share Issued: Number of Company: CSRC: A Share: IPO data was reported at 12.000 Unit in Apr 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.000 Unit for Mar 2008. China Share Issued: Number of Company: CSRC: A Share: IPO data is updated monthly, averaging 5.000 Unit from Jan 1992 (Median) to Apr 2008, with 196 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40.000 Unit in May 1997 and a record low of 0.000 Unit in May 2006. China Share Issued: Number of Company: CSRC: A Share: IPO data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by China Securities Regulatory Commission. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC): Share Issued.

Sri Lanka CSE: Number of Listed Company: Annual: New Listings: IPO data was reported at 2.000 Unit in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.000 Unit for 2016. Sri Lanka CSE: Number of Listed Company: Annual: New Listings: IPO data is updated yearly, averaging 2.000 Unit from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.000 Unit in 2011 and a record low of 0.000 Unit in 2001. Sri Lanka CSE: Number of Listed Company: Annual: New Listings: IPO data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Colombo Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sri Lanka – Table LK.Z006: Colombo Stock Exchange: No of Listed Companies.

2021 saw the highest IPO activity worldwide, with a total of ***** initial public offerings (IPOs) taking place. Despite the uncertain environment created by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2021 broke previous records in terms of IPO deals.

Hong Kong SAR (China) Total Equity Funds Raised: IPO Funds data was reported at 87,477.800 HKD mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 46,321.200 HKD mn for 2023. Hong Kong SAR (China) Total Equity Funds Raised: IPO Funds data is updated yearly, averaging 195,315.500 HKD mn from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2024, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 400,137.300 HKD mn in 2020 and a record low of 46,321.200 HKD mn in 2023. Hong Kong SAR (China) Total Equity Funds Raised: IPO Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR (China) – Table HK.Z014: Equity Fund Raised (Annual).

This file contains a dataset of companies in the information and communication industry listed on the Japanese stock market from 2009 to 2015. The dataset describes the name of the company, the name of the listed market, the date of listing, the date of real establishment, the number of years listed, the type of startup, the real establishment (yes = 1, no = 0), the data source, and the date the data source was viewed.

IPO activity on the B3 stock exchange in Brazil increased significantly in 2021. Throughout the year there were ** IPOs. By contrast, in 2022 and in 2023, there were no initial public offering (IPO) on the Brazilian stock exchange.

The global IPO (Initial Public Offering) services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by a surge in the number of companies seeking public listing and increased activity in both developed and emerging economies. The market's expansion is fueled by several factors, including favorable regulatory environments in certain regions, the rise of fintech and its impact on capital markets, and the increasing preference for private companies to go public for accessing larger capital pools and enhancing brand visibility. The study period from 2019-2033 reveals a consistent upward trajectory, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) that we estimate to be in the range of 8-10%, reflecting a dynamic and competitive landscape. Key players like Deloitte, PwC, EY, KPMG, Accenture, IBM, McKinsey, Booz Allen Hamilton, The Boston Consulting Group, Bain & Company, and HLB dominate the market, leveraging their extensive expertise in financial advisory, legal compliance, and strategic communications to secure lucrative IPO mandates. The market is segmented based on service type (e.g., financial advisory, legal services, marketing and communications), industry vertical, and geographic region. While the precise market size for 2025 is unavailable, based on industry reports and the projected CAGR, a reasonable estimate would place the market value between $30 billion and $40 billion, anticipating significant expansion over the forecast period of 2025-2033. Despite significant growth potential, challenges remain. Fluctuations in global economic conditions, geopolitical instability, and regulatory changes can influence investor sentiment and impact the number of IPOs. Furthermore, competition among the major consulting firms is intense, requiring continuous innovation and adaptation to maintain market share. The increasing use of technology in IPO processes also presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Firms need to embrace technological advancements to enhance efficiency and reduce costs while ensuring data security and regulatory compliance. Regional variations in market maturity and regulatory frameworks also create unique challenges and opportunities. While North America and Europe currently dominate, significant growth is expected from Asia-Pacific and other emerging markets, driven by increasing economic activity and financial market development.

In 2021, the London Stock Exchange was the leading European stock exchange, with a total number of 100 initial public offerings (IPOs) recorded. The following two European exchanges in terms of IPO volume were the Nasdaq Nordic in Stockholm, and the Oslo Børs, with ** and ** IPO deals respectively.

Korea Capital Raised: Value: Stocks: KRX: Stock Market: IPO: Existing data was reported at 0.000 KRW bn in Aug 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 192.000 KRW bn for Jul 2018. Korea Capital Raised: Value: Stocks: KRX: Stock Market: IPO: Existing data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 KRW bn from Jan 1998 (Median) to Aug 2018, with 248 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,656.300 KRW bn in Nov 2016 and a record low of 0.000 KRW bn in Aug 2018. Korea Capital Raised: Value: Stocks: KRX: Stock Market: IPO: Existing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Financial Supervisory Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Korea – Table KR.Z023: Korea Exchange: Capital Raised.

In 2023, there was one initial public offering (IPOs) on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV), the same as the previous year. Between 2018 and 2023, there were a total of 11 IPOs.

China Capital Raised: Shanghai SE: IPO: A Share data was reported at 2,526.000 RMB mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 RMB mn for Feb 2025. China Capital Raised: Shanghai SE: IPO: A Share data is updated monthly, averaging 4,850.000 RMB mn from Nov 1999 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 303 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85,458.000 RMB mn in Jul 2020 and a record low of 0.000 RMB mn in Feb 2025. China Capital Raised: Shanghai SE: IPO: A Share data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Financial Market – Table CN.ZA: Shanghai Stock Exchange: Capital Raised.

The total number of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Europe fluctuated significantly between 2009 and 2024. The number of IPOs reached a total of ** in 2024, the same as during the previous year. The largest number of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Europe was found in 2011, when the number of recorded IPOs reached a total of ***.