The share of companies in the United States that were profitable after their IPO decreased overall after 2009, when it peaked at 81 percent. 2020 saw the lowest share at 22 percent. In the last three years, the share of profitable IPO companies has increased again, reaching 46 percent in 2023.

Since the IPO on the Nasdaq Stock Market on March 28, 2023, Jin Medical International's stock price has increased from eight U.S. dollars to 237.51 U.S. dollars as of Feburary 7, 2024, to $1.84B, an increase of nearly 3,000 percent.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

ADNOC Logistics & Services' IPO a Success

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

At almost 22 billion U.S. dollars in deal size, Alibaba’s IPO in 2014, underwritten by Credit Suisse, was the largest initial public offering (IPO) in the United States, followed by Visa's 2008 IPO, underwritten by JP Morgan. How big is Alibaba? The Alibaba Group Holding, a hugely profitable Chinese company operating in the e-commerce sector, debuted on the New York Stock Exchange. This was a critical IPO because it gave private investors a chance to reach into the Chinese market. The company sells trillions of yuan in merchandise each year. For a company that was already handling volume on that magnitude at the time of its IPO, a skilled underwriter like Credit Suisse was crucial for and IPO. Why does an IPO need an underwriter? An IPO is a complicated process. Even a larger firm like Alibaba does not have specialists in the kind of regulations placed on the process, so they are willing to pay significant underwriter fees to ensure a successful IPO. This risk can pay off with high returns if conditions are correct, but a significant number of IPOs also have negative first day returns.

The median size of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the United States increased significantly in 2020. However, in 2023, the median IPO size reached 10 million U.S. dollars, a dramatic decrease compared to the previous years. This figure gives an idea of how willing speculators in the United States are to invest in a company going public, which is the process of being listed on a stock exchange for the first time. Who goes public? Most IPOs come from relatively new firms that have grown quickly. For example, the Alibaba Group Holding IPO was the largest IPO in the United States. This firm is a relatively new tech company overseen by Jack Ma, who had already generated billions in private funding before going public. However, Visa’s 2008 IPO occurred 50 years after the company’s founding, when it already had millions of credit cards in circulation. Still, the company had generated enough enthusiasm for its IPO to raise a record amount of money. Over and under the median The megadeals such as the Alibaba IPO are rare, though there is an increasing number of startup companies valued one billion U.S. dollars and over. While these raise the median value, the worst IPOs lower it. A successful IPO can lead to huge gains in valuation, the IPOs with the lowest return lose over half the company’s value.

Oman plans a crucial IPO for Asyad Shipping, testing its divestment strategy. Success could boost its capital market, aligning it with Gulf peers.

In 2023, the initial public offering (IPO) of Mankind had been the most successful in India with an issue size of over 519 million U.S. dollars. It was backed by investors like ChrysCapital and Capital international.The issue size consists of the number of bonds initially issued multiplied by the face value.

This is a submission for Challenge #23 by Desights User

Click here for Challenge Details Note: This submission is in REVIEW state and is only accessible by Challenge Reviewers. So you might get errors when you try to download this asset directly from Ocean Market.

Submission Description

In this study we uncover the implicit and explicit relationship across the complex startup investment and venture capital (VC) landscape. We dive into the intricate role of various factors such as fundings, relationship, education background, relationship, location, and other factors might determine the likelihood for a startup’s failure and success. We deliberately construct various metrics and schemes to help logically dissect possible chain of events that lead to success of startup. A classification model for distinguishing successful startup from those that fail were developed. In constructing the machine learning model, we put emphasize onto the innate structure of context and cause-effect relationship, allowing the developed classification model to have high degree of interpretability. Assessment of accuracy, recall, precision, and the so-called ROC curve were also performed.

The most interesting pattern we uncover in this data-intensive study can be crystallized into the following three golden nuggets of insights: (a) Computer Science, Stanford University, and San Fransisco Bay region exhibit powerful domination across various spectrum of the datasets, be it number of companies, relationships, and number of funding rounds that happens. As a consequence, both community of founders, funders, and other factors are correlated higher with these factors. (b) Along the years more and more funding rounds series before initial public offering (IPO), such as series D, E, F, G become more frequent after dot-com bubble about the year of 2000. Other forms of funding or equity staking such as convertible, post-IPO debt, post-IPO equity, and private equity also started to gain popularity few years before and after the 2008 financial crisis. (c) The trend for number of funds raising is increasing by order of magnitudes almost every 5 years, starting from the year of 1995 with only less than 10 entries, up to more than 10,000 by the year of 2013. This trend coincides nicely with the rise of internet, software, and web-based startup, that tend to pursue the rapid growth scheme fueled by VC investments.

Throughout the work submitted we have deliberately explore the complex data sets with more than million rows entry and tenth of millions of data points. We then carefully performed data cleaning, curation and analysis in order to answer the key questions posed for this dataset. We also proceed with building and deploying clustering model, visualization, and classification model to uncover various intricate details and pattern across the data.

One of the key insights in this work highlighted the rate of which fund raising is become increasingly frequent and with fund size that growing ever bigger, along with various innovation of how funds is disbursed appearing every other year. We also discover that among many factors that contribute and correlate to startup success, Computer Science, Stanford University, and San Fransisco Bay region exhibit powerful domination across various spectrum of the datasets. We also introduced the chain of correlation in understanding startup success supported along with a classification model based on Random Forest classifier and Gradient Boost classifier that can be used to predict whether a particular startup belong to a group of possibly success startup or not. All in all, the exploration of the dataset has provided various insights that is useful in understanding the dynamics of the global hyperconnected startup and VC investment ecosystem.

The global securities companies market is a dynamic and competitive landscape, exhibiting robust growth driven by increasing global investments, technological advancements, and the expansion of financial markets, particularly in emerging economies. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $5 trillion, considering the substantial presence of major players like Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and numerous significant firms in Asia, notably CITIC Securities and Huatai Securities. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% is projected from 2025 to 2033, indicating sustained expansion. Key drivers include the rising adoption of online brokerage platforms, facilitating wider access to investment opportunities. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of financial instruments and the need for sophisticated investment strategies are fueling demand for specialized services like securities investment consulting and IPO sponsorships. Regulatory changes and evolving investor preferences, such as a shift towards ESG investing, represent significant trends shaping the market's trajectory. However, geopolitical uncertainties, economic downturns, and intensifying competition pose potential restraints on market growth. The segmentation, encompassing various service offerings like underwriting, brokerage, and margin financing, reflects the diverse business models within the sector. Geographic expansion, particularly in Asia-Pacific and emerging markets, presents significant opportunities for growth, while established markets in North America and Europe remain crucial revenue generators. The market's growth is expected to be largely influenced by the performance of global capital markets. Stronger economic growth and increased investor confidence typically translate into higher transaction volumes and increased demand for securities services. Conversely, periods of economic uncertainty can lead to reduced market activity and impact revenues. Innovation remains a key factor in shaping the competitive landscape. Companies that can effectively leverage technology to enhance efficiency, expand service offerings, and improve the customer experience are likely to gain a competitive advantage. The integration of fintech solutions and the development of sophisticated algorithms for trading and risk management are crucial aspects of this innovation drive. Successful navigation of regulatory hurdles and adapting to evolving compliance requirements will also be critical for continued success in this highly regulated industry. Companies specializing in specific niches, such as ESG investing or specialized asset classes, may also experience disproportionately high growth rates.

In 2024, six technology startups in Israel went through a successful initial public offerings (IPO). This was an increase of two startups compared to the previous year. That year, the lowest volume of IPOs was recorded among Israeli companies since 2015. This continued a significant downward trend following a 2021 boom in IPOs. The fall in number of IPOs was consistent with other types of liquidity events during this period, including M&As and buyouts.

Library of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology scientific output (DONA database)

At nearly 22 billion U.S. dollars, the 2014 initial public offering (IPO) of Alibaba Group Holding Limited remains the largest IPO in the United States ever. Trailing by almost four billion U.S. dollars, Visa takes second place, followed by ENEL SpA, an energy company based in Italy.

What is an IPO?

An IPO is when a private company offers shares to the public for the first time through a stock exchange. Companies do this to raise money, as seen with Alibaba. However, public companies are subject to more scrutiny, such as publishing quarterly reports for investors. Also, not all IPOs are profitable. A bad IPO can result in significant losses.

Companies that could go public

Unicorns are private companies valued over a billion U.S. dollars. Any of these could go public, raising significant funds. However, most IPOs are valued in the millions, not billions. The median deal size of these offerings in the United States tends to be a little more than 100 million U.S. dollars. Investors keep a watch for the next IPO, since a strong offering means high returns for those who buy the stock early.

The global Securities Exchanges Market, valued at $64.40 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.1% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Increased regulatory scrutiny and a growing focus on transparency are pushing more companies towards listing on established exchanges, fostering market growth. Furthermore, technological advancements, including the rise of high-frequency trading and sophisticated trading platforms, are enhancing efficiency and attracting a wider range of participants. The expanding global economy and increasing participation from emerging markets further contribute to the market's upward trajectory. The market is segmented by service type, encompassing market platforms, capital access platforms, and others. Market platforms, providing core trading infrastructure and services, dominate the landscape. Capital access platforms, facilitating initial public offerings (IPOs) and other funding mechanisms, are experiencing significant growth driven by the need for capital in a dynamic business environment. Geographical distribution reveals strong performance in regions like North America and APAC, with China and the US acting as key contributors. Europe also holds a significant market share, driven by robust economies and established financial infrastructure. While regulatory changes present certain challenges, the overall market outlook remains positive, promising continued growth and expansion in the coming years. Competition within the securities exchange market is intense, with established players like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, and the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) vying for market share alongside regional players. The success of these exchanges depends on their ability to adapt to evolving technological trends and maintain investor confidence. Future growth will likely be shaped by the integration of fintech innovations, the expansion into new asset classes (e.g., cryptocurrencies), and the increasing demand for sustainable and responsible investing. The consolidation trend in the industry might also accelerate, with mergers and acquisitions playing a significant role in shaping the competitive landscape. Factors such as geopolitical instability and economic downturns could pose short-term risks, but the long-term prospects for the securities exchanges market remain compelling.

Success.ai’s Company Funding Data for Pharmaceuticals, Biotech & Life Sciences Leaders Globally provides a comprehensive dataset tailored for businesses and investors looking to connect with decision-makers and innovators in these industries. Covering executives, research directors, and investment leads, this dataset includes verified contact details, funding insights, and firmographic data from 70 million businesses worldwide.

With access to over 700 million verified global profiles, Success.ai ensures your outreach, market research, and investment strategies are powered by accurate, continuously updated, and AI-validated data. Supported by our Best Price Guarantee, this solution is indispensable for navigating the fast-evolving biotech, life sciences, and pharmaceutical sectors.

Why Choose Success.ai’s Company Funding Data?

1. Verified Funding and Contact Data for Precision Engagement

   • Access verified work emails, phone numbers, and LinkedIn profiles of executives, investors, and key decision-makers.
   • AI-driven validation ensures 99% accuracy, improving outreach effectiveness and minimizing wasted effort.

2. Comprehensive Global Coverage of Key Players

   • Includes profiles from global pharmaceutical companies, biotech startups, and life sciences research organizations.
   • Gain insights into funding rounds, investment trends, and research initiatives in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

3. Continuously Updated Datasets

   • Real-time updates capture changes in leadership, funding milestones, and business expansions.
   • Stay aligned with evolving market conditions and capitalize on emerging opportunities.

4. Ethical and Compliant

   • Fully adheres to GDPR, CCPA, and other global data privacy regulations, ensuring responsible and lawful data usage.

Data Highlights:

• 700M+ Verified Global Profiles: Engage with professionals and leaders in pharmaceuticals, biotech, and life sciences worldwide.
• 70M Business Profiles: Access detailed firmographic data, including funding histories, revenue ranges, and geographic footprints.
• Funding Insights: Gain visibility into venture capital rounds, private equity investments, and R&D funding allocations.
• Leadership Contacts: Connect with CEOs, CFOs, and research directors driving innovation and business growth.

Key Features of the Dataset:

1. Comprehensive Funding and Leadership Profiles

   • Identify and connect with executives managing investments, R&D initiatives, and financial strategies.
   • Target professionals responsible for securing funding, managing partnerships, and overseeing product development.

2. Advanced Filters for Precision Targeting

   • Filter companies by funding stage (seed, Series A, IPO), industry focus (pharmaceuticals, biotech, life sciences), or geographic location.
   • Tailor campaigns to align with specific business goals, such as securing partnerships or exploring investment opportunities.

3. Global Trends and Investment Insights

   • Leverage data on funding trends, market opportunities, and breakthrough innovations across key regions.
   • Use these insights to refine investment strategies, identify potential partners, or shape product development.

4. AI-Driven Enrichment

   • Profiles enriched with actionable data allow for personalized messaging, highlight unique value propositions, and improve engagement outcomes.

Strategic Use Cases:

1. Investment and Venture Development

   • Identify biotech startups and life sciences companies seeking funding, and build relationships with key stakeholders.
   • Present funding opportunities, venture capital solutions, or strategic investment proposals to decision-makers.

2. Market Research and Competitive Analysis

   • Analyze global funding trends, emerging technologies, and market needs to refine business strategies.
   • Benchmark against competitors to identify growth opportunities and innovative solutions.

3. Sales and Partnership Development

   • Engage with pharmaceutical and biotech companies to offer financial tools, R&D solutions, or investment partnerships.
   • Build long-term relationships with companies exploring product commercialization or market expansion.

4. Recruitment and Talent Acquisition

   • Target HR professionals and hiring managers seeking experienced candidates for roles in R&D, finance, or investment management.
   • Provide workforce optimization platforms or recruitment solutions tailored to the biotech and life sciences sectors.

Why Choose Success.ai?

1. Best Price Guarantee

   • Access premium-quality company funding data at competitive prices, ensuring strong ROI for your marketing, research, and investment initiatives.

2. Seamless Integration

   • Integrate verified funding and contact data into CRM systems, analytics tools, or investment platforms via APIs or downloadable formats, streamlining ...

The impressive growth of social media companies in the early 2010s made many founders extremely wealthy. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is the world’s richest social media entrepreneur with a personal net worth of 117 billion U.S. dollars. Zhang Yiming, the creator of TikTok, is worth 43.4 billion U.S. dollars. Social media companies going public and being acquired The years between 2010 and 2019 saw a flurry of social media companies filing for an initial public offering (IPO) or being acquired by bigger, public companies, generating significant amounts of wealth for their founders and early employees in the process. Facebook, which went public in May 2012, had the biggest IPO in tech and internet history until online shopping giant Alibaba went public in 2014. Many of the richest social media entrepreneurs are connected to Facebook and most of their net worth is derived from their early investment and subsequent ownership stake in the social network. Many early Facebook investors and co-founders have used their earnings from the company to increase their wealth derived from tech. Some, such as Dustin Moskovitz, have gone on to found other companies, whereas others, like Eduardo Saverin, have become venture capitalists. The social media era Other social media company IPOs which created major online buzz include Twitter’s in 2013, Snap’s initial public offering four years later and more recently, Pinterest’s, which made headlines in early 2019. TikTok's founder Zhang Yiming saw an unprecedented success in 2020 and ranked second on the social media billionaires' list. The coronavirus social restrictions and lockdowns led to people resorting to TikTok as a means of entertainment and socializing. Instagram founders Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger netted a huge payday in 2012 when Facebook bought their then up-and-coming social network Instagram for one billion U.S. dollars – a sum which at that time was unheard of for such a transaction. However, this is nothing compared to the payout enjoyed by Jan Koum and Brian Acton two years later, whose chat service WhatsApp was acquired by Facebook for a staggering 19 billion U.S. dollars – although the Facebook-Instagram deal arguably made bigger waves across the industry. In hindsight, Facebook’s acquisition of Instagram has come to represent a turning point in tech venture capitalism, helping to define the concept of tech “unicorns” and positioning an acquisition-enabled exit as a viable and lucrative target for start-ups.

Initial IPO returns in the United States fluctuated between 2005 and 2023. Throughout the period considered, 2020 was the best year for first-day gains, amounting to 23 percent. In 2023, the average first-day gain after an IPO in the U.S. was zero percent, as IPOs maintained their offering prices on their first day of trading.

As of January 2022, Parsley Box, launched on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange (LSE) in March 2021, was the worst performing company since its initial public offering (IPO). The company's stock lost approximately 85 percent of its value since its IPO. Second in the ranking of the 30 worst performing IPOs in 2021 was Cizzle Biotechnology, listed on the UK Main Market of the LSE in May 2021, which, as of January 2022, lost 72 percent compared to its IPO value.

2020 and 2021 were a record year for SPAC IPO filings, even though they had been steadily growing in popularity over the last decade. In 2021, SPACs had raised capital in 613 IPOs in that year alone. A special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) is a company with no business operations which is set up for the sole purpose of raising capital through an initial public offering with the goal of buying an existing company. The U.S. ranked second globally in terms of traditional IPO numbers, with the highest number of traditional IPOs occurring in mainland China. In comparison, there were 31 SPAC IPOs in 2023, and 57 in 2024.. How have SPAC IPOs historically performed in the U.S.? From 2003 to 2019, the funds raised by SPAC IPOs remained somewhat consistent, with the value of funds never exceeding 11 billion U.S. dollars except in 2003 and 2019. SPAC IPOs raised the largest amount of funds between January and December 2021, with the value of funds raised surpassing 160 billion U.S. dollars. In the previous year, SPAC IPOs raised more funds than all preceding years combined. The U.S. vs Europe While SPAC IPOs in the U.S. have been slowly increasing over the past six years, numbers have remained significantly lower in Europe. Europe has still not seen annual SPAC IPO numbers exceed nine per year, while those in the U.S. have increased more each year, reaching a significant high-point in 2020 that is expected to be further surpassed by the end of 2021. During the first three months of 2021, less than five percent of SPAC IPOs completed globally came from Europe.

As of December 2024, Rosebank Industries was the best performing company of the year since its initial public offering (IPO). The company's stock value increased dramatically since its IPO, growing 250 percent throughout the year. Second in the ranking of the best performing IPOs in 2023 was Raspberry Pi, gaining 123 percent since its IPO.

Startups which have successfully exited - via acquisition or IPO - in the United States had founders who were over 45 years when they started the company. The overall average founder age among these companies was 46.7 years, whereas the average age of founders of startups with patents was 49.3 years. Founders of high growth startups, which have not been acquired or gone public, were on average younger than founders of successfully exited startups.