This statistic shows the share of ethnic groups in Australia in the total population. 33 percent of the total population of Australia are english.

Australia’s population

Australia’s ethnic diversity can be attributed to their history and location. The country’s colonization from Europeans is a significant reason for the majority of its population being Caucasian. Additionally, being that Australia is one of the most developed countries closest to Eastern Asia; its Asian population comes as no surprise.

Australia is one of the world’s most developed countries, often earning recognition as one of the world’s economical leaders. With a more recent economic boom, Australia has become an attractive country for students and workers alike, who seek an opportunity to improve their lifestyle. Over the past decade, Australia’s population has slowly increased and is expected to continue to do so over the next several years. A beautiful landscape, many work opportunities and a high quality of life helped play a role in the country’s development. In 2011, Australia was considered to have one of the highest life expectancies in the world, with the average Australian living to approximately 82 years of age.

From an employment standpoint, Australia has maintained a rather low employment rate compared to many other developed countries. After experiencing a significant jump in unemployment in 2009, primarily due to the world economic crisis, Australia has been able to remain stable and slightly increase employment year-over-year.

Migrants from the United Kingdom have long been Australia’s primary immigrant group and in 2023 there were roughly 960 thousand English-born people living in Australia. India and China held second and third place respectively with regard to Australia’s foreign-born population. The relative dominance of Asian countries in the list of top ten foreign-born residents of Australia represents a significant shift in Australia’s immigration patterns over the past few decades. Where European-born migrants had previously overshadowed other migrant groups, Australian migration figures are now showing greater migration numbers from neighboring countries in Asia and the Pacific. A history of migration Australia is often referred to as an ‘immigrant nation’, alongside the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Before the Second World War, migrants to Australia were almost exclusively from the UK, however after 1945, Australia’s immigration policy was broadened to attract economic migrants and temporary skilled migrants. These policy changes saw and increase in immigrants particularly from Greece and Italy. Today, Australia maintains its status as an ‘’Immigrant nation’’, with almost 30 percent of the population born overseas and around 50 percent of the population having both that were born overseas. Australian visas The Australian immigration program has two main categories of visa, permanent and temporary. The permanent visa category offers three primary pathways: skilled, family and humanitarian. The skilled visa category is by far the most common, with more than a million permanent migrants living in Australia on this visa category at the last Australian census in 2021. Of the temporary visa categories, the higher education visa is the most popular, exceeding 180 thousand arrivals in 2023.

This document describes the background and methodology of four surveys under the general study title Issues in Multicultural Australia. The four surveys are: a general sample of the population; non-English speaking born immigrants in general (the NESB sample); persons born in Australia whose father or mother was born in a non-English speaking country (the second generation sample); and persons who migrated to Australia since July 1981 from non-English speaking countries (the new arrivals sample). The general of this study are: to examine multiculturalism as a policy, through the experience of Australians; as a set of beliefs, through their attitudes; and as an aspect of cultural maintenance, through their perceptions. The study concentrates on three broad themes. First, it examines the attitudes of the Australian and overseas born towards multiculturalism, focussing in particular on views about the maintenance of customs, ways of life and patterns of behaviour among immigrants. Second, the barriers which exist to providing full access and equity to overseas born groups are analysed, principally in the fields of education, jobs and in the provision of general health and welfare programmes and services. Third, the study looks at levels of participation in the social and political spheres in community, culture and work related organisations, and in the use of the political process to remedy problems and grievances. Separate sections of the questionnaire deal with the respondent's background - country of birth and parents' country of birth, father's occupation and educational level; language - English language ability, languages spoken, use of own language, ethnicity - identification with ethnic groups, government aid to such groups, religious observance; education - school leaving age, qualifications obtained, recognition of overseas qualifications, transition to employment; current job - job status, occupation , industry, working conditions, trade union membership, gross income, problems looking for work; spouse - country of birth, education and qualifications, occupation and industry, income and income sources; immigration - attitudes to immigration policy, opportunities for immigrants, social distance from various ethnic groups, and attitudes to authority; family and social networks - numbers of children, siblings in Australia, numbers of close friends in Australia, neighbours; citizenship - citizenship status, participation in political matters and interest in politics, trust in government; and multiculturalism - views on what multiculturalism means, and its importance to Australian society.

Multicultural Australian English: The New Voice of Sydney (MAE-VoiS) is a project funded under the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship scheme. The aim of the project is to help us understand the speech patterns of young people from complex culturally and linguistically diverse communities across Sydney. Understanding how adolescents from different ethnicities use speech patterns to symbolically express their diverse sociocultural identities offers a window into understanding a rapidly changing Australian society.

The MAE-VoiS corpus comprises audio recordings of 186 teenagers from 38 language backgrounds who each engaged in a picture naming task and a conversation with a peer facilitated by a local research assistant. Participants also completed an extensive ethnic orientation questionnaire and their parents completed a demographic/language survey. Speakers were located in five separate areas in Sydney that varied according to the dominant language backgrounds of speakers in the communities (four non-English dominant areas – Bankstown, Cabramatta/Fairfield, Inner West, Parramatta; and one English dominant area – Northern Beaches).

The material in this record is a supplement to the corpus. It contains details of the following:

• a picture response task in which 183 single words and 41 short phrases were elicited through a set of images presented on a computer monitor. These items sampled the following characteristics specifically designed to target a wide range of phonetic features known to vary across individuals and groups: all AusE vowels in a targeted consonantal contexts; lexical stress patterns and word internal phonetic/phonological processes through a set of select polysyllabic words; and potential hiatus/juncture contexts through a set of short phrases;
• an Ethnic Orientation Questionnaire (modelled on Hoffman & Walker, 2010 and Clothier, 2019) to measure participants' orientation to their ethnicity, connection to their local community, and use of languages other than English;
• a Demographic survey to determine the child and parent place(s) of birth, gender, and languages spoken (including usage and domains of each language), parents’ age of arrival in Australia (if relevant), parents’ level of education, residence history, siblings and birth order, and whether there was any history of speech, hearing, or language problems/intervention.

Clothier, J. (2019). Ethnolectal variability in Australian Englishes. In L. Willoughby & H. Manns (Eds.), Australian English reimagined: Structure, features and developments (pp. 155–172). Routledge.

Hoffman, M. F., & Walker, J. A. (2010). Ethnolects and the city: Ethnic Orientation and linguistic variation in Toronto English. Language Variation and Change, 22, 37–67.

A collection of over 300 items including film, televison, photographs and documents covering a range of issues including Australian identity and the concept of multiculturalism, the Migration experience from a range of cultures including European, Indian, African, Muslim and Jewish.

Humans have been living on the continent of Australia (name derived from "Terra Australis"; Latin for "the southern land") for approximately 65,000 years, however population growth was relatively slow until the nineteenth century. Europeans had made some contact with Australia as early as 1606, however there was no significant attempt at settlement until the late eighteenth century. By 1800, the population of Australia was approximately 350,000 people, and the majority of these were Indigenous Australians. As colonization progressed the number of ethnic Europeans increased while the Australian Aboriginal population was decimated through conflict, smallpox and other diseases, with some communities being exterminated completely, such as Aboriginal Tasmanians. Mass migration from Britain and China After the loss of its American colonies in the 1780s, the British Empire looked to other parts of the globe to expand its sphere of influence. In Australia, the first colonies were established in Sydney, Tasmania and Western Australia. Many of these were penal colonies which became home to approximately 164,000 British and Irish convicts who were transported to Australia between 1788 and 1868. As the decades progressed, expansion into the interior intensified, and the entire country was claimed by Britain in 1826. Inland colonization led to further conflict between European settlers and indigenous Australians, which cost the lives of thousands of natives. Inward expansion also saw the discovery of many natural resources, and most notably led to the gold rushes of the 1850s, which attracted substantial numbers of Chinese migrants to Australia. This mass migration from non-European countries eventually led to some restrictive policies being introduced, culminating with the White Australia Policy of 1901, which cemented ethnic-European dominance in Australian politics and society. These policies were not retracted until the second half of the 1900s. Independent Australia Australia changed its status to a British dominion in 1901, and eventually became independent in 1931. Despite this, Australia has remained a part of the British Commonwealth, and Australian forces (ANZAC) fought with the British and their Allies in both World Wars, and were instrumental in campaigns such as Gallipoli in WWI, and the South West Pacific Theater in WWII. The aftermath of both wars had a significant impact on the Australian population, with approximately 90 thousand deaths in both world wars combined, as well as 15 thousand deaths as a result of the Spanish flu pandemic following WWI, although Australia experienced a significant baby boom following the Second World War. In the past fifty years, Australia has promoted immigration from all over the world, and now has one of the strongest economies and highest living standards in the world, with a population that has grown to over 25 million people in 2020.

The Australian Cultural Fields (ACF) questionnaire was modelled on the French study pioneered by Pierre Bourdieu (1984). While there have been many subsequent studies that have explored the cultural tastes and practices of particular social groups or educational cohorts, or focused on particular cultural fields, there have been only a few national surveys encompassing a wide range of cultural fields. Such surveys have been conducted in Australia (Bennett et al., 1999), Britain (Bennett et al., 2009), Denmark (Prieur et al., 2008) and Serbia (Cveticanin and Popescu, 2011). In building on these earlier studies, the ACF survey sought to address the distinctive socio-cultural coordinates of a settler-colonial society with an Indigenous population asserting an increasingly strong cultural presence, and a large and growing multicultural population with a rapidly changing composition from mainly southern European sources of migration towards east and southern Asia. The key innovations in questionnaire design are that, by opting for an in-depth inquiry into patterns of consumption in the art, literary, sport, television, heritage and music fields - but excluding other areas: film and culinary practices, for example - we were able to go beyond questions relating to tastes for the main genres and patterns of participation most strongly associated with those fields, to ask our respondents whether they recognised, engaged with and, if so, liked or disliked an extensive repertoire of named cultural items. These were further differentiated according to whether they were international or Australian in provenance, ensuring that the international items were spread across Europe and America with some items from Asia. The Australian items identified for each field also included examples of Indigenous culture available to 'mainstream Australia'. The questions focused on the six cultural fields were followed by detailed explorations of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. These included age, gender, occupation, class position and identification, level of education, field of study and university attended for those with tertiary education, occupations of partners, levels of education for partners and parents, ethnicity and ethnic identification, country of birth, Indigenous identification, level of income, capital holdings, housing and place of residence.

Australia Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data was reported at 29.000 Person in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 36.000 Person for 2022. Australia Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data is updated yearly, averaging 25.000 Person from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2023, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.000 Person in 2007 and a record low of 9.000 Person in 2002. Australia Refugee Population: by Country or Territory of Origin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of origin generally refers to the nationality or country of citizenship of a claimant.;United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Refugee Data Finder at https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/.;Sum;

Regression coefficients (95% CI) for the lifestyle index score among those of Lebanese ethnicity relative to those of Australian ethnicity.

ObjectiveTo examine the socio-economic and ethnocultural characteristics of geographical areas that may influence variation in breast cancer screening participation.MethodsIn a cross-sectional analysis breast cancer screening participation for statistical areas in Victoria, Australia (2015-2017) was linked with data from the 2016 Australian Census. We selected four commonly used area-level measures of socio-economic status from the Australian Census (i) income (ii) educational level (iii) occupational status and (iv) employment profile. To assess the ethnocultural characteristics of statistical areas we used the Census measures (i) country of birth (ii) language spoken at home (iii) fluency in English (iv) religion and (v) the proportion of immigrants in an area, together with their recency of migration.ResultsAll the selected measures were related to screening participation. There was a high degree of association both within and between socio-economic and ethnocultural characteristics of areas as they relate to screening. Ethnocultural characteristics alone accounted for most of the explained geographical disparity in screening participation.ConclusionsGeographical disparities in breast cancer screening participation may be due to ethnocultural factors that are confounded with socio-economic factors.

In June 2022, it was estimated that around 7.3 percent of Australians were aged between 25 and 29, and the same applied to people aged between 30 and 34. All in all, about 55 percent of Australia’s population was aged 35 years or older as of June 2022. At the same time, the age distribution of the country also shows that the share of children under 14 years old was still higher than that of people over 65 years old. A breakdown of Australia’s population growth Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world, yet with a population of around 26 million inhabitants, it is only sparsely populated. Since the 1970s, the population growth of Australia has remained fairly constant. While there was a slight rise in the Australian death rate in 2022, the birth rate of the country decreased after a slight rise in the previous year. The fact that the birth rate is almost double the size of its death rate gives the country one of the highest natural population growth rates of any high-income country.
National distribution of the population Australia’s population is expected to surpass 28 million people by 2028. The majority of its inhabitants live in the major cities. The most populated states are New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland. Together, they account for over 75 percent of the population in Australia.

Additional File 2: List of Excluded Articles

The City of Port Adelaide Enfield Community Profile provides demographic and economic analysis for the Council area and its suburbs based on results from the 2016, 2011, 2006, 2001, 1996 and 1991 Censuses of Population and Housing. The profile is updated with population estimates when the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) releases new figures. This is an interactive query tool where results can be downloaded in various formats. Three reporting types are available from this resource: 1. Social atlas that delivers the data displayed on a map showing each SA1 area (approx 200 households), 2. Community Profile which delivers data at a District level which contain 2 to 3 suburbs, and 3. Economic Profile which reports statistics of an economic indicators. The general community profile/social atlas themes available for reporting on are: -Age -Education -Ethnicity -Disability -Employment/Income -Household types -Indigenous profile -Migration -Journey to work -Disadvantage -Population Estimates -Building approvals. It also possible to navigate to the Community Profiles of some other Councils as well.

This dataset is the 33rd ANU Poll undertaken by the Social Research Centre for the ANU. The purpose of the ANU Poll is to assess Australians' opinions on important and topical issues. These polls are typically conducted three times a year, or about every four months. Some questions appear in every poll in order to provide information about changes in opinion over time; the majority of questions appear in one poll only. This research is used to inform public debate and policy about issues affecting Australia. In this particular wave of the project, we investigate Australia's experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes questions regarding hygiene and social distancing measures, mental health and social impacts, and economic impacts of the pandemic. Finally, we ask Australians about their personal experiences of ethnicity-based discrimination.

The data aggregated in this database was originally compiled as part of a broader research project which examined SBS Independent (SBSi) as a small cultural institution that made a significant impact within Australia's film and television production sector. In terms of production, SBSi supported the independent production industry by commissioning locally produced films, documentaries and television series, providing producers with a much needed distribution platform, and growing audiences for Australian content. SBSi staff also worked closely with other federal and state film institutions to nurture a new generation of culturally diverse film and television makers, such as through their involvement with the Indigenous Drama Initiative, administered by the Australian Film Commission. Involvement in such schemes were ground-breaking insofar as they legitimated the representation of diverse faces, voices and narratives on national television through their commitment to prime time broadcast of commissioned content. It is through SBSi that SBS significantly expanded accepted the category of multiculturalism to include disability, sexuality, gender, religion, race, ethnicity, nationality, etc. When I began my research in 2009, data about SBSi's output was dispersed and quite limited. This database aggregates data from a variety of resources, including SBS Annual Reports; the National Library of Australia online catalogue, Trove; imdb.com; Ronin Films' online catalogue; the Screen Australia "Find a Film" database; the Australian Television Information Archive; and the personal records of former General Managers of SBSi, Andy Lloyd James and Bridget Ikin. While these other databases have become considerably more comprehensive, user friendly and numerous in the intervening years, this particular database offers a unique dataset regarding Australian film and television. Because the database was initially designed to identify patterns of production and representation, each of the entries are tagged to identify key themes pertaining to the minority cultures represented therein. As such, the SBSi Content Database facilitates the search for audio-visual texts related to these themes. This provides a telling snapshot of SBSi's contributions to multicultural representation in the 1990s and noughties, and enables researchers to identify individual and aggregate titles that address themes such as disability, domestic violence and colonial history, in this period. There are some gaps within this database. This database has been designed to be interoperable with Dublin Core standards. However, the specific nature of the data collected in relation to SBSi has necessitated additional categories that are unlikely to correspond with other databases, and there are some anomalies worth noting. First, this database records the financial years within which all listed titles were commissioned by SBSi under the field "Date Commissioned". For content that only displays data within the fields "Date Commissioned" and "Title", it is unknown whether or not the program was completed. Not all fields are complete for each title due to the uneven availability of data. Second, the "Format" field has been used to designate whether the moving image was a documentary, documentary series, feature film, short film, short feature, interstitial, animation, animated short, animated series, animated feature, animated pilot, comedy series, drama series, reality TV, factual entertainment, hosted documentary or a television event. These are the formats (or genres) within which SBSi commissioned content. Third, each of the titles have been tagged with thematic categories (e.g. Disability, Indigenous, Family, Refugee, Gender, Sport, Multicultural, etc), these categories also corresponds to the subject field. These tags indicate broad axes along which SBSi content can be categorised, facilitating the aggregation of data about the different themes with which SBSi content engaged. Finally, one of SBSi's key contributions was via its collaboration with other federal and state film financing bodies, to train a new generation of culturally diverse filmmakers. These inter-firm initiatives are designated by the fields "Accord" and "Strand". Some of the key initiatives that you might like to search for are: Million Dollar Movies, Indigenous Drama Initiative, Unfinished Business, Hybrid Life and Australia by Numbers.

Thailand Visitor Arrivals by Nationality: Australia data was reported at 817,204.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 796,370.000 Person for 2016. Thailand Visitor Arrivals by Nationality: Australia data is updated yearly, averaging 549,547.000 Person from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2017, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 930,241.000 Person in 2012 and a record low of 201,074.000 Person in 1995. Thailand Visitor Arrivals by Nationality: Australia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Tourism. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Thailand – Table TH.Q003: Visitor Arrivals: By Nationality.

As of 2020, a survey conducted on graphic storytellers at work in Australia showed that about 68 percent of the graphic storytelling workers surveyed were of European descent. That same year, about 1.2 percent of the respondents said they were First Nations.

Empathy is sharing and understanding others’ emotions. Recently, researchers identified a culture–sex interaction effect in empathy. This phenomenon has been largely ignored by previous researchers. In this study, the culture–sex interaction effect was explored with a cohort of 129 participants (61 Australian Caucasians and 68 Chinese Hans) using both self-report questionnaires (i.e., Empathy Quotient and Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and computer-based empathy tasks. In line with the previous findings, the culture–sex interaction effect was observed for both trait empathy (i.e., the generalized characteristics of empathy, as examined by the self-report questionnaires) and state empathy (i.e., the on-spot reaction of empathy for a specific stimulus, as evaluated by the computer-based tasks). Moreover, in terms of state empathy, the culture–sex interaction effect further interacted with stimulus traits (i.e., stimulus ethnicity, stimulus sex, or stimulus emotion) and resulted in three- and four-way interactions. Follow-up analyses of these higher-order interactions suggested that the phenomena of ethnic group bias and sex group favor in empathy varied among the four culture–sex participant groups (i.e., Australian female, Australian male, Chinese female, and Chinese male). The current findings highlighted the dynamic nature of empathy (i.e., its sensitivity toward both participant traits and stimulus features). Furthermore, the newly identified interaction effects in empathy deserve more investigation and need to be verified with other Western and Asian populations.

Case study 3—Studying Australian aboriginal ethnicities.

This study incorporates statistics pertaining to industrial location and employers of respondents surveyed in the Issues in Multicultural Australia, 1988 survey (SSDA No 534-540, Office of Multicultural Affairs, 1988). Data from the Issues in Multicultural Australia, 1988 survey are included in this dataset. Industry variables include industry code; gross wage and salaries; severance payments; payroll tax; contributions to super; workers compensation; major labour costs; new fixed cap expenditures; location counts; management units; enterprise concentration ratios; establishment concentration ratios; wages concentration ratios; turnover concentration ratios; value added concentration ratios and turnover concentration ratios. Enterprise variables include number of enterprises and employees; turnover; expenses; rent, leasing and hiring revenue; insurance and compensation premiums; interest and royalties paid; and fixed capital expenditure. Company and annual report data variables include annual sales; number of employees; imports and exports; type of company; operating revenue and profits and total assets. Employment variables include number of union members employed and number of full-time and part-time employees. Variables from the Issues in Multicultural Australia, 1988 include country of birth and parents' country of birth, father's occupation and educational level; language - English language ability, languages spoken, use of own language, ethnicity - identification with ethnic groups, government aid to such groups, religious observance; education - school leaving age, qualifications obtained, recognition of overseas qualifications, transition to employment; current job - job status, occupation, industry, trade union membership, gross income, problems looking for work; spouse - country of birth, education and qualifications, occupation and industry, income and income sources; immigration - attitudes to immigration policy, opportunities for immigrants, social distance from various ethnic groups, and attitudes to authority; family and social networks - numbers of children, siblings in Australia, numbers of close friends in Australia, neighbours; citizenship - citizenship status, participation in political matters and interest in politics; trust in government; and multiculturalism - views on what multiculturalism means, and its importance to Australian society.