The Economic Census is the U.S. Government's official five-year measure of American business and the economy. It is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, and response is required by law. In October through December of the census year, forms are sent out to nearly 4 million businesses, including large, medium and small companies representing all U.S. locations and industries. Respondents were asked to provide a range of operational and performance data for their companies.This dataset presents data on major categories of products sold/services rendered for establishments of firms with payroll by kind of business.

The Economic Census is the U.S. Government's official five-year measure of American business and the economy. It is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, and response is required by law. In October through December 2012, forms were sent out to nearly 4 million businesses, including large, medium and small companies representing all U.S. locations and industries. Respondents were asked to provide a range of operational and performance data for their companies.

The Economic Census is the U.S. Government's official five-year measure of American business and the economy. It is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, and response is required by law. In October through December of the census year, forms are sent out to nearly 4 million businesses, including large, medium and small companies representing all U.S. locations and industries. Respondents were asked to provide a range of operational and performance data for their companies.This dataset presents data for a variety of industry-specific topics for establishments of firms with payroll. Presentation of data varies by kind of business.

Release Date: 2020-12-17.Release Schedule:.The data in this file come from the 2017 Economic Census of Island Areas data files released on a flow basis from October 2019 through December 2020. For more information about economic census planned data product releases, see Economic Census: About: 2017 Release Schedules...Key Table Information:.Includes only establishments and firms with payroll..Data may be subject to employment- and/or sales-size minimums that vary by industry..The level of geographic detail covered varies by island. Refer to geographic area definitions for a detailed list of the geographies. Note that some tables include geography levels that only pertain to Puerto Rico..Some noise range columns are hidden..Totals may not sum due to rounding...Data Items and Other Identifying Records: .Number of establishments.Annual payroll ($1,000).First-quarter payroll ($1,000).Employers cost for legally required fringe benefits ($1,000).Voluntarily provided fringe benefits ($1,000).Number of employees.Number of production workers, average for year.Production workers wages ($1,000).Other employees (paid employees for pay period including March 12).Total payroll for other employees ($1,000).Value added ($1,000).Total cost of supplies and/or materials ($1,000).Total capital expenditures for buildings, structures, machinery, and equipment (new and used) ($1,000).Total rental payments and lease payments ($1,000).Sales, value of shipments, or revenue ($1,000).Range indicating percent of total annual payroll imputed.Range indicating percent of total employees imputed.Range indicating percent of total sales, value of shipments, or revenue imputed..Geography Coverage:.The data are shown for employer establishments and firms that vary by industry: . At the Territory, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area, Combined Statistical Area, and Municipio level for Puerto Rico.For information about economic census geographies, including changes for 2017, see Economic Census: Economic Geographies...Industry Coverage:.The data are shown for Puerto Rico at the 2- through 5-digit NAICS code levels for the manufacturing industry. For information about NAICS, see Economic Census: Technical Documentation: Economic Census Code Lists...Footnotes:.Not applicable...FTP Download:.Download the entire table at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2017/sector00/IA1700IND11.zip..API Information:.Economic census data are housed in the Census Bureau API. For more information, see Explore Data: Developers: Available APIs: Economic Census..Methodology:.To maintain confidentiality, the U.S. Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The census results in this file contain sampling and/or nonsampling error. Data users who create their own estimates using data from this file should cite the U.S. Census Bureau as the source of the original data only...To comply with disclosure avoidance guidelines, data rows with fewer than three contributing establishments are not presented. Additionally, establishment counts are suppressed when other select statistics in the same row are suppressed. For detailed information about the methods used to collect and produce statistics, including sampling, eligibility, questions, data collection and processing, data quality, review, weighting, estimation, coding operations, confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and more, see Economic Census: Technical Documentation: Methodology...Symbols:.D - Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies; data are included in higher level totals.N - Not available or not comparable.S - Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability, poor response quality, or other concerns about the estimate quality. Unpublished estimates derived from this table by subtraction are subject to these same limitations and should not be attributed to the U.S. Census Bureau. For a description of publication standards and the total quantity response rate, see link to program methodology page..X - Not applicable.A - Relative standard error of 100% or more.r - Revised.s - Relative standard error exceeds 40%.For a complete list of symbols, see Economic Census: Technical Documentation: Data Dictionary.. .Source:.U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 Economic Census.For information about the economic census, see Business and Economy: Economic Census...Contact Information:.U.S. Census Bureau.For general inquiries:. (800) 242-2184/ (301) 763-5154. ewd.outreach@census.gov.For specific data questions:. (800) 541-8345.For additional contacts, see Economic Census: About: Contact Us.

Key Table Information.Table Title.Island Areas: Employment and Payroll Statistics by Construction Industry for Puerto Rico and Municipios: 2022.Table ID.ISLANDAREASIND2022.IA2200IND04.Survey/Program.Economic Census of Island Areas.Year.2022.Dataset.ECNIA Economic Census of Island Areas.Source.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census of Island Areas, Core Statistics.Release Date.2024-12-19.Release Schedule.The Economic Census occurs every five years, in years ending in 2 and 7.2022 Economic Census of Island Areas tables are released on a flow basis from June through December 2024.For more information about economic census planned data product releases, see 2022 Economic Census Release Schedule..Dataset Universe. The dataset universe consists of all establishments that are in operation for at least some part of 2022, are located in Puerto Rico, have paid employees, and are classified in one of eighteen in-scope sectors defined by the 2022 NAICS..Sponsor.U.S. Department of Commerce.Methodology.Data Items and Other Identifying Records.Number of establishmentsNumber of employeesAnnual payroll ($1,000)Construction workers average for yearTotal payroll for construction workers ($1,000)Other employees (paid employees for pay period including March 12) (number)Total payroll for other employees ($1,000)First-quarter payroll ($1,000)Employers cost for legally required fringe benefits ($1,000)Employers cost for voluntarily provided fringe benefits ($1,000)Range indicating imputed percentage of total employeesRange indicating imputed percentage of total annual payrollDefinitions can be found by clicking on the column header in the table or by accessing the Economic Census Glossary..Unit(s) of Observation.The reporting units for the Economic Census of Island Areas are employer establishments. An establishment is generally a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed..Geography Coverage.The data are shown for employer establishments and firms that vary by industry:At the Territory and Municipio level for Puerto RicoFor information about economic census geographies, including changes for 2022, see Economic Census: Economic Geographies..Industry Coverage.The data are shown for Puerto Rico at the 2- through 4-digit 2022 NAICS code levels for the construction industry.For information about NAICS, see Economic Census Code Lists..Sampling.The Economic Census of Island Areas is a complete enumeration of establishments located in the islands (i.e., all establishments on the sampling frame are included in the sample). Therefore, the accuracy of tabulations is not affected by sampling error..Confidentiality.The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure avoidance protection of the confidential source data (Project No. 7504609, Disclosure Review Board (DRB) approval number: CBDRB-FY24-0044).The primary method of disclosure avoidance protection is noise infusion. Under this method, the quantitative data values such as sales or payroll for each establishment are perturbed prior to tabulation by applying a random noise multiplier (i.e., factor). Each establishment is assigned a single noise factor, which is applied to all its quantitative data value. Using this method, most published cell totals are perturbed by at most a few percentage points.To comply with disclosure avoidance guidelines, data rows with fewer than three contributing establishments are not presented. For more information on disclosure avoidance, see Methodology for the 2022 Economic Census- Island Areas..Technical Documentation/Methodology.For detailed information about the methods used to collect data and produce statistics, see Methodology for the 2022 Economic Census- Island Areas.For more information about survey questionnaires, Primary Business Activity/NAICS codes, and NAPCS codes, see Economic Census Technical Documentation..Weights.Because the Economic Census of Island Areas is a complete enumeration, there is no sample weighting..Table Information.FTP Download.https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00.API Information.Economic census data are housed in the Census Bureau Application Programming Interface (API)..Symbols.D - Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies; data are included in higher level totalsN - Not available or not comparableS - Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability, poor response quality, or other concerns about the estimate quality. Unpublished estimates derived from this table by subtraction are subject to these same limitations and should not be attributed to the U.S. Census Bureau. For a description of publication standards and the total quantity response rate, see link to program methodology page.X - Not applicableA - Relative standard error of 100% or morer - Reviseds - Relative standard error exceeds 40%For a complete list of ...

Abstract

The main objective of undertaking this survey of 2019 is to generate data that are statistically representative for urban businesses operating in the country with a fixed location; with the aim of bridging the information or data gaps those were created by the conflict on businesses in the country.

The specific objectives will be to:

• Obtain the spread of businesses by economic activity
• Determine the employment in businesses by sex
• Determine the ownership status of businesses
• Determine the location of businesses in the country
• Determine the age of businesses and status of computer use and ownership.
• Determine the cost and profit structure of businesses as well as the inventory
• Determine the perception of regulations and doing business
• Determine the impact of the conflict on businesses

Geographic coverage

Coverage of business establishments in the 12 most populated urban areas of South Sudan in 2019. Towns included are Aweil, Bor, Juba, Kuajok, Maridi, Nimule, Renk, Rumbek, Tonj, Torit, Wau and Yambio.

Analysis unit

Businesses

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The IBES 2019 generated the required Business Register for business establishments in South Sudan, which can be used for any business establishment survey. For enterprise surveys, an Establishment Censuses (EC) or business registries undertaken by a country at regular intervals generally provide the sampling frame, giving a count of enterprises and workers by broad industry group at the primary level of geographical units. In South Sudan there is no establishment census or useable business registry that has ever been undertaken, and in such circumstances, the listing of businesses/enterprises and workers by broad industry group in the concerned geographic areas was used as the only option. As it was done for the IBES 2010, the listing of all enterprises and workers (in formal and informal sectors) by broad industry group for the selected 12 major towns/cities that took place in June-July 2018 listed 13, 348 businesses that served as the sampling frame for the IBES 2019. This listing process collected minimum required information for sampling frame purposes, such as name and location of each business establishments, the main economic activity of the business in ISIC format, number of workers/employees, registration status, maintaining regular accounts or not and the year of establishment, among others.

Formal and Informal Sectors: The existing definition of formal business used in IBES 2010 as described above had limitations due to the fact that it did not consider the registration status with tax government agency (i.e. value added tax and/or income tax), and the status of keeping accounts, which was recommended and implemented in IBES 2019. The required information for the new definition of “formal sector” was also collected during the listing operation.

Using the information collected from the listing operation, about 55 percent of listed business establishments were formal irrespective of the employment size. However, when the employment size factor was considered, i.e. adding a third condition of having 6 or more employees (Medium and Large business establishments), only about 10.7 percent of business establishments were classified as “formal sector”. Given also the fact that the average number of employees per surveyed enterprises in 2010 was 2.7, and that about 58.7 percent of listed business establishments had 0-2 employees, it was highly important to have proper definition of Micro, Small, Medium and Large enterprises in terms of number of employees for sampling purposes. Based on the information of the IBES 2019 listing operation, table 3 describes the distribution of listed business establishments by different size of employment. It is observed that 13.8 percent of listed business establishments are classified as medium and large.

Sampling and stratification: The IBES 2019 sampling frame includes 13,348 business establishments from both formal and informal sectors based on the new definition. In order to improve the sampling efficiency for business surveys, it was important to stratify the business enterprises in the frame by size of employment, generally defined in terms of the total number of employees. Therefore, the frame was stratified by the following categories of employment size:

• 0-2 employees
• 3-5 employees
• 6-9 employees
• 10+ employees

The reasons of proposing these categories of employment size for stratification are that in developing countries, business environment is largely composed of informal sector where the majority of business establishments are micro and small in nature. For example, many business establishments are small shops in the neighborhood, and often owned by households, and most of the time, the family will employee 1 or 2 people to work in such shops. For business surveys, it is very important to stratify them under such small employment size to capture the reality on the ground. The same employment size category is also used to allow comparability with IBES 2010 survey. Given the important contribution of the medium and larger business enterprises to the value of production, capital investment, value added and other measures of the economy, and comparability with IBES 2010, it was important to include all the business establishments with 6 or more employees in the IBES 2019 sample with certainty (that is, with a probability of selection equal to 1). Therefore, there were 1,838 business establishments with 6 or more employees for all economic sectors in the sampling frame.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire is structured.

Response rate

The response rate for the IBES 2019 was 87 percent.

Abstract

Objectives:

The objectives could be summarized as follows: a. Update the establishment/enterprise register for different uses, i.e. as a sampling frame for economic surveys. b. Identifying the number of operating establishments and number of persons engaged in the different economic activities by geographical location. c. Identifying the most prominent characteristics of all operating establishments such as legal status, organization, ownership and others.

Geographic coverage

The Establishments Census 1997 includes all economic establishments in Palestine

Analysis unit

Establishment

Universe

all economic establishments in Palestine

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

comprehensive census of all economic establishment in palestine (not applicable(

Sampling deviation

comprehensive census of all economic establishment in palestine (not applicable(

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire used includes several basic variables appropriate to census objectives. such variables are explained in relevant sectors of census manuals. These manuals also fully explain the methods of data collection. The design of the questionnaire was made in consideration of both the plan and cost of the Population, Housing and Establishment census. The questionnaire contains the following:

· Serial number of establishment · Number of numeration area · Number of building in the numeration area · Number of the establishment in the numeration area · Address · Commercial name · Phone · Owner or manager name
· Establishment Status
· Ownership Type
· profit or non Profit organization · Economic organization · Legal status
· No of employees
· No of employees/Male
· No of employees/Female

Cleaning operations

Stages from planning to data collection were fully integrated with the other components of the PHC. Post data collection activities (i.e. data processing and tabulation) for the Establishment component were carried out separately. In general stages consist of:

5.1 Preparation stage: Activities of this stage include developing the questionnaire, manual, reporting forms, tabulation plan, editing and coding rules and work plan in terms of all required resources and the time-table. This stage also encompasses the pilot census where all documents and plans are tested. 5.2 Implementation stage: Includes: Fieldwork operations: The PHC fieldwork team allocated for the second phase, as mentioned above, carried out the data collection for the Establishment Census. This team included about 1,000 persons. Data processing and tabulation: this phase included: Pre-data entry editing Coding Data entry Online checks Post-data entry editing Tabulation Table quality control Drafting report and publication

Response rate

comprehensive census of all economic establishment in palestine (not applicable(

Sampling error estimates

not applicable its census

The Annual Respondents Database (ARD) is constructed from a compulsory business survey. Until 1997 it was created out of the Annual Censuses of Production and Construction (ACOP and ACOC); these were combined into the Annual Business Inquiry (ABI) in 1998. The ARD is a census of large businesses, and a sample of smaller ones. Smaller firms may receive a "short form". These do not require detailed breakdowns of totals. Hence for certain variables the values may be imputed from third party sources or estimated rather than returned by respondents.

This dataset is created for the Economic Analysis and Satellite Accounts Division for research purposes. To create the ARD, the other surveys are converted into a single consistent format linked by the Inter-Departmental Business Register references over time. Northern Ireland data is held up to 2001. From 2002, the ABI is collected and stored separately in Northern Ireland. Special permission is required to use new NI ABI data.

ABI background
The ABI is the financial information survey conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). This is a statutory survey conducted under the Statistics of Trade Act 1947. Organisations are obliged under this legislation to provide a response. Businesses are sampled from the ONS business register current at the time of drawing the sample: first the CSO Business Register, which ran until 1993; then the Inter-Departmental Business Register, which has run from 1994 onwards. The ONS holds firms' responses to the ABI in the Annual Respondents Database (ARD).

The ABI replaced the following annual survey systems in 1998:

• Annual Employment Survey (AES)
• Annual Censuses of Production and Construction (ACOP/ACOC), which include the Purchases Inquiry (PI)
• The six annual Distribution and Services (DSI) inquiries (Annual Wholesale Inquiry; Annual Retail Inquiry; Annual Motor Trades Inquiry; Annual Catering Inquiry; Annual Property Inquiry; and Annual Service Trades Inquiry

Until 1997 the data were limited to the production and construction industries surveyed by the ACOP and ACOC (construction from 1993 only). The incorporation of the DSI inquiries for six additional sectors is reflected in the number of individual business contributors rising from approximately 15,000 for 1980 to 1996 to approximately 50,000 for 1997/98 and to over 70,000 for 1999.

The ABI is one of the most comprehensive surveys undertaken of business organisations in the UK, covering over 100 key economic variables, and approximately two-thirds of the UK economy. Detailed variables for turnover, employment, costs, capital and the derivation of sales and profits are included. A firm-level measure of Gross Value Added (GVA) is also generated so that the productivity of organisations can be evaluated.

The ABI samples UK businesses and other such establishments according to their employment size and industry sector. It is a census of large businesses, and a stratified sample of small and medium sized enterprises. The stratified sampling framework means that smaller firms move in and out of the survey. The forms are customised for industry sectors and sub-sectors. The statistics produced from the sample data are used primarily to assist in the generation of the National Accounts and the measurement of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

A number of different form-types are used in the survey. Long form-types are sent to all businesses with an employment of 250 or more and also to a proportion of selected businesses with lower employment. Short form-types are sent to the remaining selected businesses. The forms differ in that long form-types ask for a detailed breakdown of purchases; employment costs; taxes, duties and levies etc, whereas short form-types just ask for the totals of these variables.

The data are collected in two parts: Part 1 is an employment record, collected as soon as possible after 12th December. Part 2 is for financial information, which may be submitted up to twelve months after the financial year end.

Geographical references: postcodes
The postcodes available in these data are pseudo-anonymised postcodes. The real postcodes are not available due to the potential risk of identification of the observations. However, these replacement postcodes retain the inherent nested characteristics of real postcodes, and will allow researchers to aggregate observations to other geographic units, e.g. wards, super output areas, etc. In the dataset, the variable of the replacement postcode is 'new_PC'.

Linking to other business studies
These data contain Inter-Departmental Business Register reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.

ARD, the Annual Business Survey (ABS) and the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES)
The ABI, Part 2 (ABI/2) was replaced by the ABS in 2009. The ABI, Part 1 (ABI/1) was replaced by the BRES in 2009. The BRES data for 2009 onwards are held separately under UK Data Archive SN 7463. ABS data for 2008 onwards are held under UK Data Archive SN 7451. Researchers who are applying for access to the ARD and who require data for 2009 onwards are recommended to also apply for the ABS data under SN 7451.

Due to the trade tariffs being introduced by the U.S. administration, prices are going to increase in direct-to-consumer (D2C) e-commerce. A 2025 survey carried out among North American D2C brands showed that ** percent of them expect product costs to be higher, as a required response to run their business. Another ** percent of them will respond by looking for new suppliers.

Dataset Name: Demographic data from 2021 CensusData Owner: NISRAContact: census@nisra.co.ukSource URL: https://build.nisra.gov.uk/Uploaded to SPACE Hub: 03/07/23Update Frequency: Per censusScale Threshold: some data has 10k threshold appliedProjection : Irish GridFormat: Esri Feature Layer (Hosted) Vector PolygonAbstractThe census collected information on the usually resident population of Northern Ireland on Census Day (21 March 2021).Initial contact letters or questionnaire packs were delivered to every household and communal establishment, and residents were asked to complete online or return the questionnaire with information as correct on Census Day.Special arrangements were made to enumerate special groups such as students, members of the Travellers Community, HM Forces personnel etc.The Census Coverage Survey (an independent doorstep survey) followed between 12 May and 29 June 2021 and was used to adjust the census counts for under-enumeration.Disclosure control methodsStatistical disclosure control (SDC) refers to a range of methods that aim to protect individuals, households, businesses, and their attributes from being identified in published information.NISRA has taken steps to ensure that the confidentiality of respondents is fully protected.All published results from the census have been subject to statistical processes to ensure that individuals cannot be identified. These processes may result in very marginal differences between tables for the same statistic.For Census 2021, NISRA is applying two strategies - targeted record swapping (TRS) and cell key perturbation (CKP), to ensure individuals are protected from identification while minimising the impact on the quality of results.Disclosure control methodologyFor more information, please refer to:Statistical disclosure control methodologyMethodologyThe census questionnaire including the questions asked and the administrative procedures involved in collecting the census data underwent substantial testing. Coding of the data was subject to quality checks.The quality of the results was improved by the use of edit and imputation procedures for missing or incorrect data, and the data were adjusted for over and under-enumeration.The outputs reflect the complete usually-resident population of Northern Ireland.Methodology overviewFurther information on the methodology used in Census 2021 is available in the:Census 2021 methodology overviewQuality issuesThe census results underwent an extensive quality assurance process, which included checks against administrative data sources and information on particular groups such as students and HM Forces personnel.Edit procedures were applied to obviously incorrect responses (such as someone aged 180) and were designed to correct the mistake by making the least possible change to the data.Imputation procedures were applied to missing data on a returned questionnaire, and drew on responses to the question from people with similar characteristics.Quality assurance reportFurther information on the quality assurance processes used in Census 2021 is available in the:Census 2021 quality assurance reportStatement about data qualityFor more information on data quality, including response rate and item response rate, please refer to the:Census 2021 statement about data qualityGeographic referencingIrish National GridNational Statistics publicationCensus statistics are produced by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency free from political influence and have been assessed as National Statistics by the Office for Statistics Regulation.Office for Statistics RegulationMore information is available on the following web site:Office for Statistics RegulationProducing census statisticsCensus 2021 statistics meet the highest standards of trust, quality and value and are produced using standards set out in the statutory Code of Practice for Statistics.Code of Practice for StatisticsMore information is available in the:Code of Practice for StatisticsDate of publicationJune 2023Further informationCensus 2021 results webpage

Abstract

Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) has been producing National Account estimates and other macro-economic indicators of the country from sector wise economic activities. Agriculture sector occupies largest share 23.95%, (CBS 2022) in the national economy in terms of GDP. The share of the industrial sector to total GDP is around 8.11% (CBS, 2022). Among the industrial sectors, the manufacturing sector (section C of NSIC) covers around 5.65% of the GDP; the Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (section D of NSIC), the mining and quarrying (section B of NSIC) and Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (section E of NSIC) cover around 1.37%, 0.58% and 0.51% of the total GDP respectively. The development of the industrial sector is considered essential because it can contribute not only to expansion of the industrial sector but also affects other sectors of the economy, which in turns supports in poverty alleviation through employment generation and income expansion. Reliable and strong statistical information is thus required to know the current situation of the industrial sector of the country and also for the proper formulation and evaluation of the industrial plans and programs. Keeping this in mind, CBS has been collecting and disseminating the official industrial statistics of the country through regular censuses and surveys.

In the previous industrial censuses and surveys, only the manufacturing establishments were taken under the scope. Now, the scope of industrial survey is extended to other three sectors of the economic activities i.e. Mining and quarrying; Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; and Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities. The current National Industrial Survey (NIS) has therefore covered all these four sectors of the economy as defined by the NSIC. This is therefore, the first integrated and comprehensive survey of industrial sector in Nepal, in terms of industrial statistics.

Nepal has a long history of conducting the manufacturing censuses and surveys. The first Census of Manufacturing Establishments (CMEs) was conducted in 1964/65. After that, it was conducted regularly in almost every five years. CMEs had covered those establishments which perform the manufacturing activities and have 10 or more persons engaged. It was continued upto 10th CME held in 2011/12. For the establishments with less than 10 persons engaged, CBS had conducted Sample Survey of Small Manufacturing establishments (SSMEs) in every 10 years. Begun in 1972/73, CBS had already conducted the 5th SSMEs in 2008/09. Both CMEs and SSMEs provide the comprehensive information on number of establishments, total number of employees, wages/salaries, input/output and other information on the manufacturing sector.

This NIS has covered both the large establishments (10 or more persons engaged) and small establishments (less than 10 persons engaged). It also includes other three sectors of the economic activities as mentioned above. The NIS, 2019/20 is the 11th series in terms of census operation whereas it is 6th series in terms of survey operation as in its history.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Establishment

Universe

All large establishments (10 or more persons engaged) and small establishments (less than 10 persons engaged) that belongs to four sectors of the economic activities ie section B, C, D and E of the NSIC.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame: The frame of the survey was developed basically from the list of the National Economic Census (NEC) 2018. The list of establishments from NEC 2018 contains the complete name and address of establishments along with other variables such as annual income, annual expenditure, number of persons engaged etc. Before deciding about sampling methodology, the nature and characteristics of NEC 2018 frame was reviewed and considered it as a main frame. Beside main frame, the lists of currently running micro hydro-powers and waste collection/disposal industries were also updated to the main-frame. Those lists were obtained from AEPC and Federation of Waste Collection and Disposal Industries.

Stratification: Separate survey scheme was designed for each section of NSIC covered in the survey. Industries in section B, D and E of NSIC were completely enumerated, in case of section C of NSIC both complete enumeration and sampling method were adopted based on the following criteria. · For large manufacturing establishments (if number of persons engaged was more than or equal to 10), all establishments were enumerated. · For small manufacturing establishments (if number of persons engaged was less or equal to 9), sampling method was adopted. However, if number of establishments in each province at 4 digit NSIC level was less than 5, then such establishments were completely enumerated to ensure their representation in the survey.

For small size establishments of section C, three categories were made based on number of persons engaged i.e. 1-2 persons engaged, 3-5 persons engaged and 6-9 persons engaged. Using these categories, strata were made based on province, NSIC and persons engaged categories. The total number of establishments in the sampling frame for small size establishments of manufacturing section by province is presented in Table A.

Table A: Total number of establishments in the sampling frame by province and persons engaged category (for small size establishments of section C) Persons engaged category
Province 1-2 3-5 6-9 Total
persons persons persons
Province no. 1 5,970 3,780 1,070 10,820
Madhesh 3,225 2,642 565 6,432
Bagamati 7,349 6,473 1,980 15,802
Gandaki 3,041 2,305 629 5,975
Lumbini 4,480 3,666 982 9,128
Karnali 810 536 107 1,453
Sudurpaschim 1,548 1,134 254 2,936
Total 26,423 20,536 5,587 52,546
Source: National Economic Census, 2018

Analytical Domain: The survey was designed to provide the national estimates of the NSIC 4 digits classification and provincial estimates of the NSIC 3 digits classification.

Sample Size and Sampling Method: The total enumeration size (census and sampling) of the survey was planned to enumerate 14,000 establishments. Out of them, about 9,200 establishments were expected to be enumerated in census category for the NSIC sections B, D, E and large size manufacturing establishments of section C.

For small size manufacturing establishments, a total of 4,738 establishments were fixed as a sample size, which were distributed to each stratum (province, NSIC, persons engaged category) using power allocation with power 0.7. The samples from each stratum were then selected by using systematic sampling method. The summary of sample allocation is presented in the table B.

Table B: Summary of the allocation of samples in provinces by persons engaged category (for small size establishments of section C) Province Persons engaged category
1-2 3-5 6-9 Total
persons persons persons
Province no. 1 418 340 149 907 Madhesh 251 253 97 601 Bagamati 524 527 257 1,308
Gandaki 253 241 98 592 Lumbini 333 322 140 795 Karnali 93 77 27 197 Sudurpaschim 152 135 51 338 Total 2,024 1,895 819 4,738

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The paper questionnaires are used in to collect of the establishments. The questionnaire is divided into 17 sections as follows:

Section 1. Introduction Section 2. Organization structure Section 3: Employment Section 4: Fuel, water and electricity Section 5: Purchase of raw materials Section 6: Production and sale of produced goods Section 7: Stocks Section 8: Expenses and Income on industrial services Section 9: Expenses on non-industrial services Section 10: Receipts from non- industrial services Section 11: Indirect tax Section 12: Fixed Assets Section 13: Research and Development Section 14: Utilization of Production Capacity Section 15: Environment and Waste Managment Section 16: Factors affecting business environment of the establishment Section 17: Miscellaneous

Cleaning operations

After the accomplishment of the field operation, the filled up questionnaires were initially edited by heads of SOs in each district and then collected to CBS for further processing. Five peoples were hired for six months for the editing, coding and entry of the forms. The intensive training on editing, coding and data entry of the collected forms was provided to them. CSPro application was used for data entry. For the consistency of data required logics were set in the data entry programme. Data analysis and tabulation was done by using STATA as well as IBM SPSS.

Standard coding system adopted by CBS had been used for coding. For industry classification, NSIC version 4 was used at the 4 digit level. Likewise, for product classification, the CPC version 2.1 was used at the 5 digit level. The coding, editing and data entry activities were supervised by officials of the CBS.

Response rate

Nearly 3.9 percent of complete non-response was observed in sampling scheme (small size establishment of section C). These non-responses were treated mainly by adjusting the sampling weight. Some partial non responses were also observed in both census and survey.

Sampling error estimates

Non-responses were treated mainly by adjusting the sampling weight.

Abstract

In 1983 Sri Lanka participated in the 1983 World Program of Industrial Statistics by carrying out a Census of Industry, on a nation-wide scale. The earliest attempt made at seeking information from the industrial sector was in the “Census of Agriculture and Industries”, that was taken in conjunction with the Population Census of 1946. With the steady increase in industrial activities in Sri Lanka and the growing recognition of the importance of industrial statistics for purposes of planning, a systematic attempt was made to collect data on industrial production through the Census of Industry 1952. This covered Mining and quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity and Gas and also Construction. The Census of 1952 was confined only to the factory type of establishments which had not less than 5 paid employees, employed a capital of not less than Rs 3000 and used mechanical power in any of its production processes. Among the major agro-based export industries, coconut and oil milling were covered in the 1952 census, while tea factories and rubber mills were excluded, and brought instead within the scope of the Census of Agriculture.
The next Census of industry was conducted in 1964, the scope and coverage of which was similar to that of the 1952 census. The frame for this Census was based on list of buildings prepared for the Census of population 1963. However there was considerable difficulty in identifying the buildings in which industrial activities were carried out. As a result the list of industrial establishments complied on this basis did not provide a satisfactory frame to determine the overall magnitude of “factory establishments” in the industrial sector. The results as analyzed from the limited number of census returns received could thus not yield a sufficiently realistic picture of the level and structure of industrial activity in the country.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

Industrial establishments - Defined as the unit directed by a single owning or controlling entity that is engaged in the production of the most homogeneous group of goods and services, usually at one location but sometimes over a wider area, for which separate records are available(eg. plant, factory, mill, mine, workshop etc) In cases where industrial enterprises were engaged in the production of more than one homogeneous group of goods and services in different locations, separate returns were generally obtained for each such product group and location. In cases where establishments operated by a single owner or enterprise was located within the area of one GS Division or Ward, these several units could furnish a single return and this would be reckoned as one establishment. Ancillary units including warehouses, garages repair shops electric plants which primarily served the needs of a single establishment, if they were in the same site within the same GS division , or Ward were treated as part of the main establishment. Otherwise these were treated as separate establishments but classified to the same industry as the parent establishment.

Universe

The census covered establishments engaged primarily in the activities of Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing and the production and distribution of Electricity, Gas and water which correspond to major divisions 2,3 and 4 respectively of the UN classification of ISIC and represented the industrial sector specified for census coverage. The final census was conducted in two phases (Nov - Dec 1983 and Feb - Mar 1984) and involved the canvassing of the required data by the method of direct personal visits to approximately 40,000 establishments, which covered (a) all establishments 'engaging 5 or more persons' and (b) a representative sample of establishments in the small -scale sector viz. units engaging less than 5 persons.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was a nationally representative probability sample drawn from the directory of industrial establishments. It was decided to select a total sample of 25000 establishments. The census estimates of all the variables were required at district level by ISIC, three digit categories. Each district was subdivided into AGA Division, MC areas and UC areas. Within each such area, establishments were classified according to ISIC three digit categories which constitute the basic stratum. The sample was allocated sequentially to districts, AGA, MC or UC and ISIC three digit categories proportional to the number of establishments . The sample was selected systematically.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Depending on the manner in which large and small-scale business undertakings maintained their business records, it was decided to use the following two types of census questionnaires for the canvassing of data at the final enumeration.

Questionnaire CI/2S - the short form for enumeration of selected sample small scale establishments, where less detailed information was canvassed on the basic range of items specified by the UN for the 1983 World Program of Industrial Censuses. This is the questionnaire which is valid for the present study.

Special Remarks : Questionnaire CI/2L - the long form for enumeration of medium and large scale establishments, where detailed information was sought on the full range of items recommended by the UN for the 1983 World Program of Industrial Censuses.

Response rate

A total of 37,754 establishments furnished satisfactory returns (returns reckoned for tabulation of primary results) and this yielded an overall all-island response rate of 88.3% with the corresponding rates '5 and over persons engaged' category and for the 'under 5 persons ' category being 83.1% and 93.4% respectively.

Denmark DK: Pharmaceutical Industry: Total Exports data was reported at 21.567 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.825 USD bn for 2020. Denmark DK: Pharmaceutical Industry: Total Exports data is updated yearly, averaging 5.953 USD bn from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2021, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.567 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 864.758 USD mn in 1988. Denmark DK: Pharmaceutical Industry: Total Exports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Trade Statistics: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

Abstract

The Business Survey on Crime and Corruption was undertaken by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in collaboration with EFCC. Technical guidance was provided by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as part of a larger International Crime and Corruption Business Survey (CCBS) programme geared towards collecting on a regular basis data and generating a set of indicators on the impact of crime and corruption on business and promotion of joint measures against them. It further aims to support the government in its efforts to combat economic and financial crimes as well as assess the perception of corruption and awareness of EFCC among the business community.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Institutions/Organizations

Universe

All establishments employing 10 staff and above.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In order to have a broad-based list of business and industrial establishments, three (3) sets of establishment frames were used. There are: (i) Frame of Establishments from Economic Survey and Census Division of NBS. (ii) Frame of Establishments from National Quick Employment Generation Survey (NQEGS) conducted by NBS in 2006. (iii) Frame of Establishments from NBS/CBN/NCC collaborative Economic Survey conducted by NBS in 2006.

These frames were merged to give a single cleaned and validated frame. The cleaning and validation of the frame involves the following: (i) Elimination of duplications (ii) Removing dead or moribund establishments from the frame (iii) Filling in missing information where feasible.

A sample of 2,775 were selected from a frame of 15,556 which cut across 14 sectors of the economy namely: (i) Agriculture (163) (ii) Fishing (10) (iii) Mining and Quarrying (75) (iv) Manufacturing (474) (v) Electricity, Gas and Water (66) (vi) Building and Construction (137) (vii) Wholesale and Retail Trade (450) (viii) Hotels, Restaurants and Tourism (155) (ix) Transport (200) (x) Communication (92) (xi) Financial Intermediation (233) (xii) Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities (480) (xiii) Public Administration (Government) (77) (xiv) Education (163)

In order to select the required number of establishments, some parameters were considered, which include: (i) Employment size, that is strata of 10 and above (ii) Contribution of sector to GDP. (iii) Purposive or prior knowledge of performance of sectors in the economy.

Selection Procedure: Basically, the sample design used for this survey was a two-level probability proportion to size (PPS) in which the contribution of each sector to the GDP formed the basis of allocation at the first level while the basis of allocation at the second level was number of establishments in each sector. A prior (purposive) allocation was also used to complement and boost the efficiency of the design.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was divided into ten (10) sections namely:

Section A which asked of the Name of Establishment, Address, Telephone Number, State, LGA and Type of Ownership Section B contained Instruction, Designation of the Respondent in Establishment and Gender. Section C asked questions on Type of Economic Activity, Number of Paid Employees, Capital Participation of Foreign Investors. Section D dealt with questions on type of crimes committed, reported or not reported to police Section E was based on questions on obstacles for doing good business in Nigeria, such as unofficial payments or gifts to public official to get things done Section F contained questions on anyone ever requesting for money in exchange for service to protect establishment from robbery, act of vandalism and so on Section G contained questions on the establishment experience on dispensation of justice. Section H contained questions on awareness of EFCC Section I contained questions on any kind of joint action taken against crime, corruption or extortion. Section J Contained questions on Name of Respondent, Telephone Number, Address and Willingness to participate in future interview of this nature

Cleaning operations

Data processing was done centrally at NBS Headquarters, Abuja. 30 Data entry staff and 15 Editors were engaged. Censuses and Surveys Program (CSPRO) was used for data entry. SPSS was used for final analysis.

Response rate

About an eighty-one percent response rate was achieved nationwide. On the zonal level, the south west zone achieved the highest response rate of 32.2 percent in the country.

Sampling error estimates

Sampling errors have been calculated for a select set of statistics (all of which are proportions due to the limitations of the Taylor linearization method) for the national sample, and for each of the sectors. For each statistic, the estimate, its standard error, the coefficient of variation (or relative error -- the ratio between the standard error and the estimate), the design effect, and the square root design effect (DEFT -- the ratio between the standard error using the given sample design and the standard error that would result if a simple random sample had been used), as well as the 95 percent confidence intervals (+/-2 standard errors).

Abstract (en): We argue that misallocation across firms amplifies industrial water pollution by distorting the firm size distribution in China. Firm-level data indicate that larger firms are more likely to use clean technology but face higher distortions. In a heterogeneous firms model with an endogenous choice of pollution treatment technologies, we show that distortions that increase with firm-level TFP lower the adoption of clean technology, amplify aggregate pollution intensity, and lower aggregate output. Quantitatively, eliminating these correlated distortions would increase output by 30% and decrease pollution by 20%. Meanwhile, environmental regulations have sizable impact on pollution but limited effects on aggregate output. No weighting is involved. Response Rates: Both data are national census. All firms belonging to the census scope are required to respond by law. Presence of Common Scales: Number of employees is counted by integer. All economic variables are measured in 2004 CNY (CNEC) and 2007 CNY (NGSPS). The emissions data are measured in metric ton. The National General Survey of Pollution Sources consists all of the pollution units from the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sources, as well as facilities for centralized treatment of pollution. In this study, we focus on the industrial pollution sources, which consist of businesses generating pollutants from the 39 manufacturing industries.The China National Economic Census was designed to cover all businesses that undertake economic activities in the secondary and tertiary industries in China. We use observations that belong to the manufacturing sector.The Statistics of U.S. Businesses from the U.S. Census Bureau, is an annual series that provides national and subnational data on the distribution of economic activities by firm size and industry. We use the data on total employment by firm size and industry from 2004.Main text Section I.A and Appendix A.1 provide further details.Smallest Geographic Unit: Mainland China The two census are designed to contain all the relevant firms. coded on-site observation~~

Key Table Information.Table Title.Island Areas: General Statistics by Manufacturing Industry for Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Areas, and Municipios: 2022.Table ID.ISLANDAREASIND2022.IA2200IND11.Survey/Program.Economic Census of Island Areas.Year.2022.Dataset.ECNIA Economic Census of Island Areas.Source.U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 Economic Census of Island Areas, Core Statistics.Release Date.2024-12-19.Release Schedule.The Economic Census occurs every five years, in years ending in 2 and 7.2022 Economic Census of Island Areas tables are released on a flow basis from June through December 2024.For more information about economic census planned data product releases, see 2022 Economic Census Release Schedule..Dataset Universe. The dataset universe consists of all establishments that are in operation for at least some part of 2022, are located in Puerto Rico, have paid employees, and are classified in one of eighteen in-scope sectors defined by the 2022 NAICS..Sponsor.U.S. Department of Commerce.Methodology.Data Items and Other Identifying Records.Number of establishmentsAnnual payroll ($1,000)First-quarter payroll ($1,000)Employers cost for legally required fringe benefits ($1,000)Employers cost for voluntarily provided fringe benefits ($1,000)Number of employeesNumber of production workers, average for yearProduction workers wages ($1,000)Other employees (paid employees for pay period including March 12) (number)Total payroll for other employees ($1,000)Value added ($1,000)Total cost of supplies and/or materials ($1,000)Total capital expenditures for buildings, structures, machinery, and equipment (new and used) ($1,000)Total rental payments or lease payments ($1,000)Sales, value of shipments, or revenue ($1,000)Range indicating imputed percentage of total annual payrollRange indicating imputed percentage of total employeesRange indicating imputed percentage of total sales, value of shipments, or revenueDefinitions can be found by clicking on the column header in the table or by accessing the Economic Census Glossary..Unit(s) of Observation.The reporting units for the Economic Census of Island Areas are employer establishments. An establishment is generally a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed..Geography Coverage.The data are shown for employer establishments and firms that vary by industry:At the Territory, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area, Combined Statistical Area, and Municipio level for Puerto RicoFor information about economic census geographies, including changes for 2022, see Economic Census: Economic Geographies..Industry Coverage.The data are shown for Puerto Rico at the 2- through 5-digit 2022 NAICS code levels for the manufacturing industry.For information about NAICS, see Economic Census Code Lists..Sampling.The Economic Census of Island Areas is a complete enumeration of establishments located in the islands (i.e., all establishments on the sampling frame are included in the sample). Therefore, the accuracy of tabulations is not affected by sampling error..Confidentiality.The Census Bureau has reviewed this data product to ensure appropriate access, use, and disclosure avoidance protection of the confidential source data (Project No. 7504609, Disclosure Review Board (DRB) approval number: CBDRB-FY24-0044).The primary method of disclosure avoidance protection is noise infusion. Under this method, the quantitative data values such as sales or payroll for each establishment are perturbed prior to tabulation by applying a random noise multiplier (i.e., factor). Each establishment is assigned a single noise factor, which is applied to all its quantitative data value. Using this method, most published cell totals are perturbed by at most a few percentage points.To comply with disclosure avoidance guidelines, data rows with fewer than three contributing establishments are not presented. For more information on disclosure avoidance, see Methodology for the 2022 Economic Census- Island Areas..Technical Documentation/Methodology.For detailed information about the methods used to collect data and produce statistics, see Methodology for the 2022 Economic Census- Island Areas.For more information about survey questionnaires, Primary Business Activity/NAICS codes, and NAPCS codes, see Economic Census Technical Documentation..Weights.Because the Economic Census of Island Areas is a complete enumeration, there is no sample weighting..Table Information.FTP Download.https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/economic-census/data/2022/sector00.API Information.Economic census data are housed in the Census Bureau Application Programming Interface (API)..Symbols.D - Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies; data are included in higher level totalsN - Not available or not comparableS - Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability, poor response quality, or other concerns about the ...

Abstract

The survey was conducted in Kenya between January 2013 and February 2014 as part of the Africa Enterprise Survey 2013 roll-out, an initiative of the World Bank. The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

Data from 713 establishments was analyzed. Stratified random sampling was used to select the surveyed businesses. The data was collected using face-to-face interviews.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs and labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90 percent of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is an establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural private economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors. Companies with 100% government ownership are not eligible to participate in the Enterprise Surveys.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for Kenya was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: firm sector, firm size, and geographic region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into four manufacturing industries (food, textiles and garments, chemicals and plastics, other manufacturing) and two service sectors (retail and other services).

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the Enterprise Surveys: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees).

Regional stratification for the Kenya ES was defined in five regions: Central, Nyanza, Mombasa, Nairobi, and Nakuru.

For the Kenya ES, two sample frames were used. The first was supplied by the World Bank and consists of enterprises interviewed in Kenya 2007. The World Bank required that attempts should be made to re-interview establishments responding to the Kenya 2007 survey where they were within the selected geographical regions and met eligibility criteria. Due to the fact that the previous round of surveys seemed to have utilized different stratification criteria (or no stratification at all) and due to the prevalence of small firms and firms located in the capital city in the 2007 sample the following convention was used. The presence of panel firms was limited to a maximum of 50% of the achieved interviews in each cell. That sample is referred to as the Panel.

The second frame was the 2012 Census of Business Establishments of the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). For confidentiality purposes, KNBS randomly drew the sample of fresh establishment to be interviewed based on the sample design provided by the World Bank. The 2012 KNBS Census of Business Establishments was used a sample frame for the survey of micro firms. The sample frames were supplemented by an additional list of 70 establishments from the Nairobi City Council out of which 31 interviews were completed.

The enumerated establishments with five employees or more (fresh and panel) were then used as the sample frame for the Kenya Enterprise Survey with the aim of obtaining interviews at 720 establishments.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 1.3% (26 out of 1,990 establishments).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The following survey instruments are available: - Manufacturing Module Questionnaire - Services Module Questionnaire

The survey is fielded via manufacturing or services questionnaires in order not to ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

There is a skip pattern in the Service Module Questionnaire for questions that apply only to retail firms.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

Survey non-response must be differentiated from item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Enterprise Surveys suffer from both problems and different strategies were used to address these issues.

Item non-response was addressed by two strategies: a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect "Refusal to respond" (-8) as a different option from "Don't know" (-9). b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary.

Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interview. Attempts were made to contact the establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (with similar strata characteristics) was suggested for interview. Survey non-response did occur but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve strata-specific goals.

The number of interviews per contacted establishments was 0.36. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The number of rejections per contact was 0.15.

Abstract

We conduct a randomized experiment in 157 rural markets in Kenya to test how business training (the International Labour Organization (ILO)'s Gender and Enterprise Together program) affects the profitability, growth and survival of female-owned businesses, and to evaluate whether any gains in profitability come at the expense of other business owners. We work with a large sample of 3,537 firms, and use a two-stage randomization, first randomizing at the market-level, and then randomizing the offer of training to individuals within treated markets. A year and a half after the training has taken place, half of the sample assigned to training was then offered a subsequent mentoring intervention intended to test whether additional group-based and in-person support strengthens the impacts of training. Four rounds of follow-up surveys with low attrition are used to measure impacts at one and three years after training. This is complimented with data from a market census taken four years after training, that also included male-operated firms.

Geographic coverage

Kakamega and Kisii counties in the Western region, and Embu and Kitui counties in the Eastern region.

Analysis unit

• Individual female microenterprise
• Firm

Universe

Women operating in markets in four counties in Kenya: Kakamega and Kisii in the Western region, and Embu and Kitui in the Eastern region

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The selection of the study areas was the result of a participatory process that involved the Technical Committee of the ILO Women Entrepreneurship and Economic Empowerment (WEDEE) project as well as other relevant stakeholders. A Stakeholder retreat in October 2012 was used to pre-select 10 counties from the 47 counties in Kenya as possible locations for the study. A more detailed review of these 10 counties and consultations with the stakeholders were then used to select 4 counties in which to provide the ILO Gender and Entrepreneurship Together (GET Ahead) training: Kakamega and Kisii in the Western region, and Embu and Kitui in the Eastern region.

In each of Kakamega, Kisii, Embu and Kitui counties field staff from Innovations for Poverty Action, Kenya, mapped out all market centers deemed as medium or large outside of the main cities. Field staff then conducted a market census, applying a 31-question listing questionnaire to each female-owned enterprise operating on a non-market day in these markets. This questionnaire took a median time of 15 minutes to complete, and collected data on business type, education, age, profits and sales, membership in women's associations or merry-go-rounds, and contact follow-up information. The listing operation took place one county at a time between June 3, 2013 and November 1, 2013.

After the census, three markets in Kakamega county were dropped because the number of women in these markets was too few. Researchers then applied an eligibility filter to determine which women to include in the baseline survey. This filter required the women to have reported profits, and not to have reported profits that exceeded sales; to have a phone number that could be used to invite them for training; to be 55 years old or younger; to not be running a business that only dealt with phone cards or m-pesa, or that was a school; that the person responding not be an employee; that the business not have more than 3 employees; that the business have profits in the past week between 0 and 4000 KSH; that sales in the past week be less than or equal to 50,000 KSH; and that the individual had at least one year of schooling. These criteria were chosen to reduce the amount of heterogeneity in the sample (thereby increasing our ability to detect treatment effects), and to increase the odds of being able to contact and find individuals again.

Applying this eligibility filter reduced the 6,296 individuals to 4,037 individuals (64%). Out of a target of 4,037 individuals, the team was able to interview 3,538 (87.6%) in time to consider them for inviting to training.

Randomization process

The individuals who had satisfied the screening criteria and completed the baseline survey were then assigned to treatment and control in a two-stage process:

First, markets were assigned to treatment (have some individuals in them invited to training) or control (no one in the market would be invited to training) status. Randomization was done within 35 strata defined by geographical region (within county) and the number of women surveyed in the market.

Then within each market, individuals were assigned to treatment (be invited to training) or control (not be invited to training) within treated markets by forming four strata, based on quartiles of weekly profits from the census (<=450, 451-800, 801-1500, 1501-4000), and then assigning half the individuals within each strata to training. When the number of individuals in the strata was odd, the odd unit was also randomly assigned to training. This resulted in 1,173 of the 2,161 individuals in treated markets being assigned to treatment, and 988 to control groups.

Additoinal details on sampling are abailable in Section 2 of the Working Paper provided under Related Materials.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The following survey instruments were used for data collection: - Census of Women Entrepreneurs - Baseline Questionnaire - Long Follow-up Surveys (Rounds 2 and 4) - Short Follow-up Surveys (Rounds 3 and 5) - Market Census Questionnaires (Rounds 2 and 4) - Final Market Questionnaire - Customer Survey Questionnaire

The Market census questionnaire took a median time of 15 minutes to complete. It collected data on business type, education, age, profits and sales, membership in women's associations or merry-go-rounds, and contact follow-up information. The baseline questionnaire took a median time of 90 minutes to complete. The 30-page questionnaire asked detailed questions about the business owner, her family and business activities.

Response rate

Overall we were able to interview 95.0 percent of the sample in at least one of round 2 or 3, and 92.3 percent in at least one of round 4 or 5. In addition, in cases where we were unable to interview someone due to refusal, travel, death, or other reasons, we collected information from other household members or close contacts on whether the individual in our sample was currently operating a business. This enables us to have data on survival status for 99.3 percent of the sample at one year, and 97.2 percent at three years. There is no significant difference in data availability with treatment status at the three year horizon, although those assigned to treatment are 1 to 2 percentage points more likely to have data available at the one year horizon. See Appendix Table 2 of the working paper provided under Related Materials details response rates.

Abstract

The main goal of the establishments census 2017 is to count all of the economic establishments operating in Palestine, (except for those establishments engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing activities) and build a new updated establishments register classified by the geographical distribution, main economic activity based on international recommendations.

The goals of the Establishments Census could be summarized as follows: 1. Distribution of establishments by main economic activity. 2. Distribution of establishments by the Palestinian governorates. 3. The size of employment in various economic activities and its distribution by sex. 4. Distribution of establishments in terms of economic organization, legal status, ownership and operation status. 5. The value of capital invested in establishments. 6. Distribution of establishments in terms of registration status with the official authorities. 7. The growth rate in the number of economic establishments.

In addition to the importance of providing data, which reflects the reality of Palestinian economy, the update of the establishments register is very important, where this register considered as the sampling frame for a series of economic surveys executed by PCBS annually, which began in 1994, accordingly, this will lead to more accuracy of statistical data provided by these surveys.

Geographic coverage

The Establishments Census 2017 includes all economic establishments in Palestine

Analysis unit

Establishment

Universe

all economic establishments in Palestine

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

comprehensive census of all economic establishment in palestine

Sampling deviation

comprehensive census of all economic establishment in palestine

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The establishments questionnaire consists of two parts: Part one: Identification data, which includes basic information about the establishments, governorate, Locality, number of enumeration area, building no. in the enumeration area, serial number of establishments in the enumeration area, official commercial name, the commercial name in use, name of owner, sex of the owner, telephone number, mobile number, web page, location and description, including the name of the neighborhood, the street and the name of the building or the owner of the building, and the operating status of the establishment. Part two: Data on operating establishments only, which includes: Description of the main economic activity, ownership, economic organization, Legal status, year of practicing the activity, number of employed persons, preparing of accounting records, licensing and registration, present value of capital, owner identity No. of the establishment. Questionnaire for Jerusalem Governorate Due to of the particular situation of the Governorate of Jerusalem, especially Area J1, (those parts of Jerusalem which were annexed by Israeli occupation in 1967), a different methodology for data collection was adopted where paper questionnaire was used. It consisted of a short form for questionnaire, which included the following questions: Identification data for the establishment, operating status, main economic activity, ownership of establishment, economic organization, year of practicing the activity, the number of employed persons in the establishment. 3.6 Applications Used in the Establishments Census Tablets were used to collect data for the census with special applications designed for this purpose supported with the maps of the updated Palestinian enumeration areas for Palestinian localities. The applications were designed to match the census questionnaire and were supported with logical checks and warning messages for logical data and consistency of the data. The key applications included the listing application, designed to full the needs of the questionnaire of buildings and housings, and the establishments questionnaire with their logical checks. It was used to list the buildings, housings and establishments and to collect data on their characteristics.

Cleaning operations

3.9 Data Processing Data processing was limited to conduct the final inspection and cleaning of the census databases, with the documentation process for the checks occurred on the questionnaire topics, meanwhile special screens were designed for the economic activity coding process in the facility form. Data cleaning and editing stage was focused on: 1. Auditing skips and range for answer. 2. Checking the consistency between different census questionnaire questions based on logical relationships. 3. Checking on the basis of relations between certain questions so that a list of non-identical cases was extracted, reviewed and identified the source of the error case by case, and if such errors were immediately modified and corrected based on the source of the error.

4.2.3 Control During Data Processing Stage Several levels for data processing during the different stags were applied: 4.2.3.1 Data Processing During Fieldwork 1. The maps uploaded on the applications helped in preventing collection of data outside the boundaries of the enumeration areas designated to every fieldwork team to ensure avoiding any overlapping. 2. GPS and GIS were used to avoid duplication and omission of counting units (buildings, housings, households and establishments).

1. Automated databases editing directly during data collection in all stages to minimize errors since the system sends warning messages and error messages to fieldworkers requesting either amendment or verification of data.
2. Data from official documents of the establishment were used as much as possible.
3. Special screens for coding were prepared beforehand and codification manuals were uploaded thereon and tested by specialized staff at PCBS. The team who run the coding was selected and trained to comprise experienced and qualified workers. Codification of economic activities was done centrally. 4.2.3.2 Data Processing after Completion of the Listing Stage
4. During this phase, final data files were received and scrutinized for questions and variables to ensure they include all of the items required. Shifts and pauses as well as links and harmony of questions were also scrutinized in addition to the logic of responses.
5. Errors output report were produced to amend errors in the field or relying on administrative records of official agencies. All statements were documented.

Response rate

comprehensive census of all economic establishment in palestine

Sampling error estimates

not applicable its census

Data appraisal

4.2.3.2 Data Processing after Completion of the Listing Stage 1. During this phase, final data files were received and scrutinized for questions and variables to ensure they include all of the items required. Shifts and pauses as well as links and harmony of questions were also scrutinized in addition to the logic of responses. 2. Errors output report were produced to amend errors in the field or relying on administrative records of official agencies. All statements were documented

4.3 Assessment of the Data Quality The assessment of data was based on the following items: 4.3.1 Data Coverage In order to have comprehensive coverage for all the establishments in Palestine, an update for localities were conducted and divided into enumeration areas with a clear boundary using GIS application that is uploaded on the listing application, Each supervisor and crew leader were assigned to work in one enumeration area using GPS, the crew leaders visited all the existing building on the map and update any building that is not exist on the application (through prepared mechanism) and fulfill the information of the building and housing units and establishment in line with comparison with the building in the enumeration area that was existed in 2012 establishments census data base. 4.3.2 Data Comparison and Examination Data and indicators of the 2017 census were compared to 2012 establishments census. Moreover, inconsistency between questions and the internal inconsistency of the data were examined as part of the review of logic and completion of the data. The results showed a high internal consistency with normal growth of the number of establishments and number of employees comparing to 2012 census. 4.3.3 Not Stated Cases In some cases the crew leader was not able to have an accurate answer to one or all variables of the questionnaire; due to the absence of official documents or the respondent during listing stage and the crew leader visit, whereby these cases were in the minimal levels, and the census management treated these cases accordingly from other sources such as the surveys conducted or from the official administrative records, while in some cases there was insufficient information to treat those cases and it is mentioned as not stated, the following table represent the percentages of not stated for selected variables:

Abstract

Cambodia Enterprise Survey 2012 (also known as Investment Climate Survey 2012) was conducted by the World Bank Cambodia country office and Asian Development Bank between February 2012 and February 2013. The survey formed analytical background for the Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) prepared by the World Bank in partnership with the government of Cambodia. The assessment was completed in August 2014.

The objectives of the 2014 Cambodia ICA are to provide up-to-date and fact-based analysis of the business environment for development partners, policymakers in the government, private sector, civil society, and outline priorities for improving business environment and suggest possible policy options for achieving them.

Cambodia Enterprise Survey 2012 was not conducted under the supervision of World Bank's Enterprise Analysis Unit, as other Enterprise Surveys, and therefore small variations in methodology are present.

Data from 472 registered establishments was analyzed. Stratified random sampling was used to select the surveyed businesses. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews.

The topics covered include firm characteristics, access to finance, sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is an establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The universe of the study, is manufacturing, trade, tourism, and selected services. In terms of the International Standard Industrial Classification (Rev. 4) the following groups are included: manufacturing (group C), construction (group F), wholesale and retail trade (group G), transportation and storage (group H), accommodation and food services activities (group I), travel agency, tour operator, reservation service and related activity (79) and computer programming, consultancy and related activities (62). Note that this definition excludes agriculture (group A), mining and quarrying (group B), energy and water supply (groups D and E), and all other services (groups J to U) except for IT (62) and travel agency, tour operator, reservation service and related activity (79) which were included in the population under study.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Four levels of stratification were used in this country: sector, establishment size, location and formal status.

Sector stratification was designed in the following way: the universe was stratified into 5 sectors: (1) agroprocessing consisting of manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco, manufacture of wood and wood products and manufacture of rubber products (ISIC Rev. 4 codes 10-12 and 16), (2) manufacturing except agroprocessing (ISIC Rev. 4 group C except 10-12 and 16), (3) trade (ISIC Rev. 4 group G), (4) tourism (ISIC Rev. 4 group I and 79), and (5) other (ISIC Rev. 4 groups F and H and 62).

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported number of persons engaged daily in the last week as this was the only information available in the sampling frame.

Location stratification was defined in the five major urban economic centers: Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Kampong Cham, Sihanouk Ville, and Battambang.

Stratification by formal status is done by distinguishing between firms that have the required registration with the Ministry of Commerce (formal firms) and those that lack the registration (informal firms).

The Establishment Listing 2009 (EL 2009), which was conducted during February-March 2009 by the National Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Planning of Cambodia, was used as the sampling frame. The EL 2009 aimed at compiling basic statistics on establishments and constructing a comprehensive list of establishments. The establishment list was later used as a frame for the 2011 Economic Census.

The sample of firms that were interviewed for Cambodia Enterprise Survey 2007 was also used in the survey.

In order to have a sufficient number of firms outside Phnom Penh in the sample, firms in Battambang, Siem Reap, Kampong Cham, Sihanouk Ville were oversampled proportionally in each stratum defined by sector, size, and formality, such that the total number of sampled firms from Battambang, Siem Reap, Kampong Cham, Sihanouk Ville was approximately 50% in each of the strata (less if not enough firms outside Phnom Penh are available).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire included most questions from the traditional Enterprise Survey Core Module. But there were some differences.

First, the survey collected more detailed information on some elements of the investment climate, such as firm registration (question 113), interest in the stock market (questions 102-106), and assessment of different investment locations (questions 107-108).

Second, detailed questions on revenues from supplying products/services and trade and the costs of inputs were asked (questions 132-135). It was found that some firms had difficulty providing this information for the whole year, but they were able to provide this information for subperiods. Also given poor bookkeeping in a lot of Cambodia businesses, firms were asked for the revenues and raw material costs for their main three products and other (remaining) products rather than for the total revenues and raw materials directly.

Third, detailed questions were asked on investment in and replacement values of machinery and equipment (questions 138 and 140). Firms were asked to provide information on components rather than total values, as firms had otherwise even more difficulty answering this question.

Response rate

Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interview. Attempts were made to contact the establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (within the same stratum) was selected for interview. Survey non-response did occur but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve strata-specific quota.

The number of contacted establishments per realized interview was 2.56. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) as well as difficulties to locate firms and changes in sector activity. The number of refusals per contact actually made was 0.32.