Sending remittances to Mexico was about *** percentage points cheaper than sending money from either Canada or the United States. This is according to an average taken from different situation in which consumers send money worth 200 U.S. dollars from one country to the next - including cash, MTOs (money transfer organizations) or cards.

Remitting from Canada incurred an average cost of **** percent in the first quarter of 2024, a decrease when compared to the previous year. The cost of sending money from the North American country was at its highest in late 2011, and generally declined since. The source adds that outgoing remittances from Canada were slightly more expensive than the average for the G20 countries, which was estimated at **** percent for sending money worth *** U.S. dollars.

Portugal, Canada, and the United States were the countries with the highest house price to income ratio in 2024. In all three countries, the index exceeded 130 index points, while the average for all OECD countries stood at 116.2 index points. The index measures the development of housing affordability and is calculated by dividing nominal house price by nominal disposable income per head, with 2015 set as a base year when the index amounted to 100. An index value of 120, for example, would mean that house price growth has outpaced income growth by 20 percent since 2015. How have house prices worldwide changed since the COVID-19 pandemic? House prices started to rise gradually after the global financial crisis (2007–2008), but this trend accelerated with the pandemic. The countries with advanced economies, which usually have mature housing markets, experienced stronger growth than countries with emerging economies. Real house price growth (accounting for inflation) peaked in 2022 and has since lost some of the gain. Although, many countries experienced a decline in house prices, the global house price index shows that property prices in 2023 were still substantially higher than before COVID-19. Renting vs. buying In the past, house prices have grown faster than rents. However, the home affordability has been declining notably, with a direct impact on rental prices. As people struggle to buy a property of their own, they often turn to rental accommodation. This has resulted in a growing demand for rental apartments and soaring rental prices.

Ontario's construction costs 2023, by building type Published by Fernando de Querol Cumbrera, Dec 10, 2024 Ambulatory healthcare was the type of building with the highest construction costs in Ontario (Canada) in 2023. The cost of that type of building ranged from 7,110 to 8,750 Canadian dollars per square meter. Townhouses with mid-end specifications were, along with warehouses, among the cheapest buildings to construct, even though the townhouse sale price in Canada was much higher in 2023 than in a decade earlier. On the other side of the residential spectrum, the construction cost of high-rise buildings with mid-end specifications could reach up to 5,370 Canadian dollars per square meter. The housing sector in Ontario The fast population growth in Toronto, the main city in Ontario, has put pressure on its housing market. From 2001 to 2022, the number of people living in Canada’s largest city increased by over 37 percent. During the past years, house prices in Ontario rose at a similarly fast pace. Combined, these elements signal a strong demand for homes in Toronto and Ontario as a whole. The construction sector has responded to this trend: In 2022, most housing starts in Canada took place in the province of Ontario. That same year, EllisDon Corporation, with headquarters in Mississauga (Ontario), was the second-largest contractor in Canada. One of its largest residential/mixed-use projects under development is the 489-539 King St. West Development, in Toronto. Construction cost in North America Building construction costs in Quebec, the second most populous province in Canada after Ontario, had a similar cost range: Ambulatory healthcare buildings were the most expensive, and warehouses were the cheapest to build. However, enclosed malls and higher education buildings were significantly more expensive in Quebec than in Ontario. Across the border, the cities with the highest residential construction costs in the U.S. were San Francisco for multi-family housing, and New York City for single-family housing. Meanwhile, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York had the highest hotel construction costs in the U.S.

Ambulatory healthcare was the type of building with the highest construction costs in Ontario (Canada) in 2023. The cost of that type of building ranged from 7,110 to 8,750 Canadian dollars per square meter. Townhouses with mid-end specifications were, along with warehouses, among the cheapest buildings to construct, even though the townhouse sale price in Canada was much higher in 2023 than in a decade earlier. On the other side of the residential spectrum, the construction cost of high-rise buildings with mid-end specifications could reach up to 5,370 Canadian dollars per square meter. The housing sector in Ontario The fast population growth in Toronto, the main city in Ontario, has put pressure on its housing market. From 2001 to 2022, the number of people living in Canada’s largest city increased by over 37 percent. During the past years, house prices in Ontario rose at a similarly fast pace. Combined, these elements signal a strong demand for homes in Toronto and Ontario as a whole. The construction sector has responded to this trend: In 2022, most housing starts in Canada took place in the province of Ontario. That same year, EllisDon Corporation, with headquarters in Mississauga (Ontario), was the second-largest contractor in Canada. One of its largest residential/mixed-use projects under development is the 489-539 King St. West Development, in Toronto. Construction cost in North America Building construction costs in Quebec, the second most populous province in Canada after Ontario, had a similar cost range: Ambulatory healthcare buildings were the most expensive, and warehouses were the cheapest to build. However, enclosed malls and higher education buildings were significantly more expensive in Quebec than in Ontario. Across the border, the cities with the highest residential construction costs in the U.S. were San Francisco for multi-family housing, and New York City for single-family housing. Meanwhile, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York had the highest hotel construction costs in the U.S.

As of 2024, the average cost of a data breach in the United States amounted to 9.36 million U.S. dollars, down from 9.48 million U.S. dollars in the previous year. The global average cost per data breach was 4.88 million U.S. dollars in 2024. Cost of a data breach in different countries worldwide Data breaches impose a big threat for organizations globally. The monetary damage caused by data breaches has increased in many markets in the past decade. In 2023, Canada followed the U.S. by data breach costs, with an average of 5.13 million U.S. dollars. Since 2019, the average monetary damage caused by loss of sensitive information in Canada has increased notably. In the United Kingdom, the average cost of a data breach in 2024 amounted to around 4.53 million U.S. dollars, while in Germany it stood at 5.31 million U.S. dollars. The cost of data breach by industry and segment Data breach costs vary depending on the industry and segment. For the fourth consecutive year, the global healthcare sector registered the highest costs of data breach, which in 2024 amounted to about nine million U.S. dollars. Financial institutions ranked second, with an average cost of six million U.S. dollars for a data breach. Detection and escalation was the costliest segment in data breaches worldwide, with 1.63 U.S. dollars on average. The cost for lost business ranked second, while response following a breach came across as the third-costliest segment.

Litigation Cost Insurance Market Outlook

The global litigation cost insurance market size is projected to grow from $1.1 billion in 2023 to approximately $2.3 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5% during the forecast period. The primary growth factor driving this market is the increasing awareness around the financial risks associated with litigation, encouraging individuals and businesses to seek insurance coverage for potential legal costs.

A significant growth factor for the litigation cost insurance market is the rising incidence of litigation across various sectors. Corporations, small businesses, and even individuals are increasingly finding themselves embroiled in legal disputes, ranging from contractual disagreements to personal injury claims. This trend has led to a higher demand for insurance products that can mitigate the financial burden of legal proceedings. The market is also benefiting from the increasing complexity and duration of legal cases, which can result in substantial legal fees and associated costs.

Another crucial growth driver is the growing awareness and adoption of litigation cost insurance among law firms. Legal practices are recognizing the value of offering their clients an added layer of financial protection through such insurance policies. This not only attracts more clients but also ensures that legal firms can proceed with cases without the constant worry of financial constraints affecting their clients' ability to pay. This trend is particularly noticeable in regions like North America and Europe, where legal expenses can be prohibitively high.

The advent of advanced technologies and online platforms has also significantly contributed to the market's growth. The digital transformation in the insurance sector has made it easier for consumers to access and purchase litigation cost insurance policies. Online platforms offer a seamless user experience, enabling individuals and businesses to compare different insurance products, read reviews, and make informed decisions. This ease of access is particularly appealing to younger, tech-savvy consumers who prefer digital solutions over traditional methods.

Regionally, North America holds the largest share of the litigation cost insurance market, driven by the high cost of litigation and the well-established legal infrastructure in countries like the United States and Canada. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period. Economic development, increasing foreign investments, and the consequent rise in commercial disputes are driving the demand for litigation cost insurance in countries like China, India, and Japan. Additionally, the regulatory environment in these regions is gradually becoming more conducive to the growth of the insurance sector.

Coverage Type Analysis

In the litigation cost insurance market, the coverage type segment is bifurcated into After the Event (ATE) Insurance and Before the Event (BTE) Insurance. After the Event insurance is particularly popular among businesses and individuals who seek coverage for legal costs after a dispute has arisen. This type of insurance is often more expensive than BTE insurance because the risk for the insurer is more immediate and apparent. However, ATE insurance offers the significant advantage of providing peace of mind to policyholders knowing that their legal costs will be covered if they lose the case, making it a popular choice for high-stakes litigation.

Before the Event insurance, on the other hand, is purchased as a precautionary measure before any legal disputes arise. This type of insurance is typically more affordable compared to ATE insurance because the risk is spread out over a longer period, and the likelihood of a claim being made is lower. BTE insurance is often incorporated into broader commercial insurance packages, making it particularly appealing to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) looking to manage their overall risk profile comprehensively. This segment is expected to grow steadily as more businesses recognize the long-term financial benefits of proactive legal cost management.

The choice between ATE and BTE insurance often depends on the risk appetite and financial situation of the insured. Individuals and businesses with limited financial resources may prefer ATE insurance to avoid upfront costs, while those with robust risk management strategies may opt for BTE insurance to ensure broader coverage. Additionally, the regulatory landscape in different regions can

This statistic displays the patented drug average price ratio of foreign to Canada, as of 2023. The ratio of prices in the United States to Canada was ****, which indicates that the prices of patented drugs in the United States were more than **************** times higher than in Canada.

Canada CA: Export: Cost: Border Compliance data was reported at 166.667 USD in 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 166.667 USD for 2018. Canada CA: Export: Cost: Border Compliance data is updated yearly, averaging 166.667 USD from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2019, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 166.667 USD in 2019 and a record low of 166.667 USD in 2019. Canada CA: Export: Cost: Border Compliance data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.World Bank.WDI: Trade Statistics. Border compliance captures the time and cost associated with compliance with the economy’s customs regulations and with regulations relating to other inspections that are mandatory in order for the shipment to cross the economy’s border, as well as the time and cost for handling that takes place at its port or border. The time and cost for this segment include time and cost for customs clearance and inspection procedures conducted by other government agencies.;World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme;Unweighted average;Insurance cost and informal payments for which no receipt is issued are excluded from the costs recorded. Costs are reported in U.S. dollars. Contributors are asked to convert local currency into U.S. dollars based on the exchange rate prevailing on the day they answer the questionnaire. Contributors are private sector experts in international trade logistics and are informed about exchange rates and their movements. Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

Canada CA: Import: Cost: Border Compliance data was reported at 171.875 USD in 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 171.875 USD for 2018. Canada CA: Import: Cost: Border Compliance data is updated yearly, averaging 171.875 USD from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2019, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 171.875 USD in 2019 and a record low of 171.875 USD in 2019. Canada CA: Import: Cost: Border Compliance data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.World Bank.WDI: Trade Statistics. Border compliance captures the time and cost associated with compliance with the economy’s customs regulations and with regulations relating to other inspections that are mandatory in order for the shipment to cross the economy’s border, as well as the time and cost for handling that takes place at its port or border. The time and cost for this segment include time and cost for customs clearance and inspection procedures conducted by other government agencies.;World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme;Unweighted average;Insurance cost and informal payments for which no receipt is issued are excluded from the costs recorded. Costs are reported in U.S. dollars. Contributors are asked to convert local currency into U.S. dollars based on the exchange rate prevailing on the day they answer the questionnaire. Contributors are private sector experts in international trade logistics and are informed about exchange rates and their movements. Data are presented for the survey year instead of publication year.

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Ethylene Market Size 2025-2029

The ethylene market size is forecast to increase by USD 63.3 billion at a CAGR of 6.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth driven by the increasing demand for polyethylene products across various industries, including packaging, construction, and automotive. This trend is expected to continue as ethylene-derived plastics offer advantages such as durability, lightweight, and cost-effectiveness. However, market dynamics are influenced by the emergence of bio-ethylene, a sustainable alternative to traditional ethylene derived from fossil fuels. This shift towards renewable sources presents both opportunities and challenges for market participants.
On the one hand, bio-ethylene offers a more sustainable production process and potential cost savings through government incentives and carbon credits. On the other hand, the production of bio-ethylene is currently more expensive than traditional ethylene, and scaling up production remains a significant challenge. Additionally, volatility in raw material prices, particularly for natural gas and crude oil, continues to impact the market's profitability and strategic planning. Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively must stay informed of these trends and be agile in their business strategies.

What will be the Size of the Ethylene Market during the forecast period?

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The market encompasses the production, trade, and application of ethylene, a colorless, flammable organic compound. Ethylene is a key petrochemical derivative and the primary building block for various ethylene-based derivatives, including polyethylene (PE), ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). These materials are widely used in various industries, including construction, flexible packaging, and the production of bio-based products, lightweight plastics, and market derivatives. The market size is substantial, driven by the increasing demand for ethylene-based derivatives in consumer goods, food, beverages, medications, and various industrial applications. The market's growth is influenced by factors such as the availability of shale oil output, which has led to increased ethylene production capacity.
Additionally, the shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives, such as bio-polyethylene, is gaining momentum due to growing concerns about carbon footprint and the need for improved barrier qualities in packaging materials. Overall, the market is expected to continue its strong growth trajectory, driven by the diverse applications and demand for ethylene-based derivatives in various industries.

How is this Ethylene Industry segmented?

The ethylene industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Feedstock

  Naphtha
  Ethane
  LPG
  Others


Application

  LDPE
  HDPE
  Ethylene oxide
  Vinyls
  Others


Packaging

  Automotive
  Building & Construction
  Agrochemical
  Textile
  Chemicals
  Others


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  North America

    US
    Canada


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Feedstock Insights

The naphtha segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Ethylene is a colorless, flammable organic compound used extensively as a raw material in the production of various plastics and petrochemical derivatives. The largest source of ethylene is naphtha, which accounted for over half of the global ethylene production in 2024. However, the naphtha segment is expected to lose market share due to its energy-intensive production process, which results in significant carbon emissions. One kilogram of ethylene production emits approximately 1.8-2 kilograms of carbon dioxide. Europe and APAC are the leading regions in naphtha-based ethylene production. Ethylene is a key ingredient in the production of polyethylene, ethylene glycol, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), vinyl acetate, and various ethylene-based derivatives.

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The naphtha segment was valued at USD 56.00 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 42% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market size of various regions, R

Over the years, there has been a consistent rise in average movie ticket prices across significant chains in the United States and Canada. According to a recent report in 2024, AMC recorded the highest average ticket price at ***** U.S. dollars, closely followed by Model at ***** U.S. dollars. AMC Theatres AMC Theatres is the leading cinema chain in the world and is mostly present in the North American market. As of 2023, its total revenue amounted to almost *** billion U.S. dollars, out of which *** billion dollars came from admissions at the box office. Sales of food and beverage accounted for around *** billion dollars of the movie theater chain's overall revenue. Cinema attendance is decreasing While box office revenue and cinema attendance are bouncing back in the United States and in Canada, they have yet to reach pre-pandemic levels. In 2023, more than ** percent of Canadian moviegoers reported that the ticket cost was the main reason why they were reluctant to go back to the theaters. Another factor could be the increasing number of consumers who prefer to watch a movie at home, rather than going to the cinema, over the past years.

The average retail price for regular, unleaded gasoline at self-service stations in Canada was ***** Canadian cents per liter in May 2025. This was a slight increase compared to the previous month. Canada's gasoline prices are generally higher than those in the United States, but lower than in many European countries. Why do gasoline prices fluctuate? Crude oil prices, along with changing levels of consumer demand, are the two main factors which directly affect retail prices of motor fuels. Prices can witness a rapid increase or decrease depending on impacts on crude oil supplies, refinery operations, or pipeline deliveries. Even if crude prices remain steady, seasonal changes in demand can still affect retail prices. As a large oil producer, Canada's motor fuel prices are closely linked to its benchmark Western Canadian Select crude oil price. Gasoline refining capacities As of January 2024, the global gasoline refining capacity amounted to *** million barrels per day. The United States and Canada were the region with the largest gasoline refining capacity at *** million barrels per day. Much of this refining capacity is located in the United States, specifically.

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Tiny Homes Market Size 2025-2029

The tiny homes market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.71 billion, at a CAGR of 4.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is driven by the affordability of this housing solution for a significant portion of the population. The compact and cost-effective nature of tiny homes caters to the increasing demand for budget-friendly housing options. Additionally, the trend toward personalized living spaces is fueling the market's growth, as consumers seek to express their unique styles and preferences through customized tiny homes. However, challenges persist in the form of limited demand from developing economies due to their focus on more traditional and affordable housing construction solutions.
Furthermore, regulatory hurdles and zoning restrictions in some areas may pose obstacles to market expansion. Companies aiming to capitalize on the opportunities in the market must navigate these challenges by collaborating with local governments and offering flexible, customizable solutions to cater to diverse consumer needs.

What will be the Size of the Tiny Homes Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, reflecting the shifting dynamics of housing trends and consumer preferences. Energy efficiency and sustainability remain key drivers, with green building practices and passive solar design gaining traction. Accessibility features and building codes are increasingly important considerations, as is the integration of smart home technology and appliances. Foundation types and site preparation require careful planning, while wind turbines and electrical systems enable off-grid living. Interior finishes and design customization offer opportunities for creativity, while zoning laws and permitting regulations shape the landscape of tiny home communities. Water conservation and greywater recycling are essential for sustainable living, and resale value is a growing concern for investors.

Smart meters, battery storage, and home automation systems enhance energy management and convenience. Housing affordability and financing options remain critical factors, with modular construction and prefabricated structures offering cost-effective solutions. Construction techniques and transportation logistics continue to advance, enabling greater customization and flexibility. The market's ongoing evolution reflects the diverse needs and aspirations of consumers seeking efficient, eco-friendly, and affordable housing solutions.

How is this Tiny Homes Industry segmented?

The tiny homes industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Product

  Mobile tiny homes
  Stationary tiny homes


Application

  Home use
  Commercial use


Area

  Less Than 130 Sq. Ft.
  130-500 Sq. Ft.
  More Than 500 Sq. Ft.
  Less Than 130 Sq. Ft.
  130-500 Sq. Ft.
  More Than 500 Sq. Ft.


Price Range

  Budget
  Mid-range
  Premium


Material

  Wood
  Metal
  Recycled


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    Spain
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Product Insights

The mobile tiny homes segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market for tiny homes, characterized by energy efficiency, mobile design, and small footprints, has experienced significant growth in recent years. These homes, built with green building practices and passive solar design, are often transported on wheels or trucks to their final site. The affordability of tiny homes, particularly in the context of rising conventional housing prices, has made them an attractive option for both young buyers and retirees seeking to optimize savings. The trend toward off-grid living and sustainable building materials further bolsters the market's appeal. Building codes, permitting and regulations, and zoning laws are key considerations in the tiny home market.

Foundation types, site preparation, and transportation logistics are essential elements of the construction process. Wind turbines, solar panels, and smart meters contribute to the homes' energy efficiency and self-sufficiency. Interior design, appliance integration, and storage solutions are crucial aspects of tiny home living. Accessibility features, such as wheelchair ramps and wider doorways, are increasingly important for ensuring compliance with ADA standards. Smart home technology, community development, and customer servic

As of 2024, the average cost of a data breach in Canada was 4.66 U.S. dollars, down from 5.13 million U.S. dollars in the previous year. The global average cost per data breach was 4.88 million U.S. dollars as of 2024, up from 4.45 million U.S. dollars recorded in 2023.

At **** U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the January 2025 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was **** dollars in the U.S., and **** U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.

The average house price in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island stood at ******* Canadian dollars in 2024 and was expected to increase in the next two years. By 2026, the average house price is forecast to reach ******* Canadian dollars. Compared to other provinces in Canada, Prince Edward Island stood below the national average in terms of house prices. Nevertheless, housing was still significantly more expensive than in Newfoundland and New Brunswick. House prices in Canada Prince Edward Island is one of the most affordable Canadian provinces for buying a house, with prices almost half below the national median in 2024. The national figure is somewhat skewed however by the extremely high cost of housing in British Colombia, and, to a lesser extent, Ontario. A better measure of affordability is the provincial house-price-to-income ratio, which shows Prince Edward Island to be the second most affordable province. Global comparison Canada is one of the most expensive countries in the OECD in terms of house-price-to-income ratio. In 2023, Canada scored higher than the United States, the UK, and Korea. That means that the cost of housing has increased at a much higher rate than the average income in the country.

This statistic shows the median amount charged by mobile development companies in the United States and Canada to develop applications for various major platforms and environments, as of 2017. As of that time, the median cost for mobile app development for iOS was 95 U.S. dollars per hour.

Ambulatory healthcare was the type of building with the highest construction costs in Ontario (Canada) in 2024. The cost of that type of building ranged from 829 to 935 Canadian dollars per square feet. Townhouses, along with warehouses, among the cheapest buildings to construct, even though the townhouse sale price in Canada was much higher in 2024 than in a decade earlier. On the other side of the residential spectrum, the construction cost of high-rise buildings with mid-end specifications could reach up to 543 Canadian dollars per square feet. The housing sector in Ontario The fast population growth in Toronto, the main city in Ontario, has put pressure on its housing market. From 2001 to 2023, the number of people living in Canada’s largest city increased from 4.88 to 6.8 million people. During the past years, house prices in Ontario rose at a similarly fast pace. Combined, these elements signal a strong demand for homes in Toronto and Ontario as a whole. The construction sector has responded to this trend: In 2023, most housing starts in Canada took place in the province of Ontario. That same year, EllisDon Corporation, with headquarters in Mississauga (Ontario), was the second-largest contractor in Canada. One of its largest residential/mixed-use projects under development is the 489-539 King St. West Development, in Toronto. Construction cost in North America Building construction costs in Quebec, the second most populous province in Canada after Ontario, had a similar cost range: Ambulatory healthcare buildings were the most expensive, and warehouses were the cheapest to build. However, enclosed malls and higher education buildings were significantly more expensive in Quebec than in Ontario. Across the border, the cities with the highest residential construction costs in the U.S. were San Francisco for multi-family housing, and New York City for single-family housing. Meanwhile, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York had the highest hotel construction costs in the U.S.

The average monthly price for natural gas in the United States amounted to **** nominal U.S. dollars per million British thermal units (Btu) in May 2025. By contrast, natural gas prices in Europe were about three times higher than those in the U.S. Prices in Europe tend to be notably higher than those in the U.S. as the latter benefits from being a major hydrocarbon producer. Europe's import reliance European prices for natural gas rose most notable throughout the second half of 2021 and much of 2022, peaking at over ** U.S. dollars per million Btu in August 2022. The sharp rise was due to supply chain issues and economic strain following the COVID-19 pandemic, which was further exacerbated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022. As a result of the war, many countries began looking for alternative sources, and Russian pipeline gas imports to the European Union declined as a result. Meanwhile, LNG was a great beneficiary, with LNG demand in Europe rising by more than ** percent between 2021 and 2023. How domestic natural gas production shapes prices As intimated, the United States’ position among the leaders of worldwide natural gas production is one of the main reasons for why prices for this commodity are so low across the country. In 2023, the U.S. produced more than ************ cubic meters of natural gas, which allays domestic demand and allows for far lower purchasing prices.