Russia is the largest country in the world by far, with a total area of just over 17 million square kilometers. After Antarctica, the next three countries are Canada, the U.S., and China; all between 9.5 and 10 million square kilometers. The figures given include internal water surface area (such as lakes or rivers) - if the figures were for land surface only then China would be the second largest country in the world, the U.S. third, and Canada (the country with more lakes than the rest of the world combined) fourth. Russia Russia has a population of around 145 million people, putting it in the top ten most populous countries in the world, and making it the most populous in Europe. However, it's vast size gives it a very low population density, ranked among the bottom 20 countries. Most of Russia's population is concentrated in the west, with around 75 percent of the population living in the European part, while around 75 percent of Russia's territory is in Asia; the Ural Mountains are considered the continental border. Elsewhere in the world Beyond Russia, the world's largest countries all have distinctive topographies and climates setting them apart. The United States, for example, has climates ranging from tundra in Alaska to tropical forests in Florida, with various mountain ranges, deserts, plains, and forests in between. Populations in these countries are often concentrated in urban areas, and are not evenly distributed across the country. For example, around 85 percent of Canada's population lives within 100 miles of the U.S. border; around 95 percent of China lives east of the Heihe–Tengchong Line that splits the country; and the majority of populations in large countries such as Australia or Brazil live near the coast.

Russia is the largest country in Europe, and also the largest in the world, its total size amounting to 17 million square kilometers (km2). It should be noted, however, that over three quarters of Russia is located in Asia, and the Ural mountains are often viewed as the meeting point of the two continents in Russia; nonetheless, European Russia is still significantly larger than any other European country. Ukraine, the second largest country on the continent, is only 603,000 km2, making it about 28 times smaller than its eastern neighbor, or seven times smaller than the European part of Russia. France is the third largest country in Europe, but the largest in the European Union. The Vatican City, often referred to as the Holy Sea, is both the smallest country in Europe and in the world, at just one km2. Population Russia is also the most populous country in Europe. It has around 144 million inhabitants across the country; in this case, around three quarters of the population live in the European part, which still gives it the largest population in Europe. Despite having the largest population, Russia is a very sparsely populated country due to its size and the harsh winters. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe, with 83 million inhabitants, while the Vatican has the smallest population. Worldwide, India and China are the most populous countries, with approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants each. Cities Moscow in Russia is ranked as the most populous city in Europe with around 13 million inhabitants, although figures vary, due to differences in the methodologies used by countries and sources. Some statistics include Istanbul in Turkey* as the largest city in Europe with its 15 million inhabitants, bit it has been excluded here as most of the country and parts of the city is located in Asia. Worldwide, Tokyo is the most populous city, with Jakarta the second largest and Delhi the third.

China Exports to Russia was US$115.28 Billion during 2024, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. China Exports to Russia - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on September of 2025.

As of May 2025, China had the largest armed forces in the world by active duty military personnel, with about *********** active soldiers. India, the United States, North Korea, and Russia rounded out the top five largest armies. Difference between active and reserve personnel Active personnel, also known as active duty in the United States and active service in the United Kingdom, are those individuals whose full-time occupation is being part of a military force. Active duty contrasts with a military’s reserve force, which are individuals who have both a military role and a civilian career. The number of active duty forces in the U.S. is much larger than its reserve membership. What is the strongest army? The strength of a country’s armed forces is not only determined by how many personnel they maintain, but also the number and quality of their military equipment. For example, looking only at personnel does not factor in the overwhelmingly higher number of nuclear warheads owned by Russia and the United States compared to other countries. One way to answer this question is to look at the total amount of money each country spends on their military, as spending includes both personnel and technology. In terms of countries with the highest military spending, the United States leads the world with an annual budget almost ***** times larger than second-placed China.

Russia Imports from China was US$72.69 Billion during 2021, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia Imports from China - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on October of 2025.

Russia Exports to China was US$68.68 Billion during 2021, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia Exports to China - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on October of 2025.

This statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Russia from 1997 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. In 2024, the GDP per capita in Russia was around 14,794.7 U.S. dollars. See the Russian GDP for comparison. Russia's wealth Russia generates most of its wealth through its energy sector, given that a large percentage of its industrial and agricultural sectors have been privatized in the 1990s. The majority of Russia’s exports consisted of natural resources, such as oil, gas and metals. Russia’s primary export partners are located within Europe, with the exception of China, and are often the recipients of a large amount of Russia’s natural gas exports. The country’s second most important and influential sector is the military sector, due to having built up a complex arms industry and having the proficiency to produce high tech weapons. Russia ranks as one of the highest spenders for military production and is one of the more intimidating military powers in the world. Due to the privatization of Russia’s industrial and agricultural sectors, a rather large part of the population was able to capitalize on the market. Russia is home to one of the highest numbers of billionaires in the world, trailing only countries such as the United States and China.

In 2025, India overtook China as the world's most populous country and now has almost 1.46 billion people. China now has the second-largest population in the world, still with just over 1.4 billion inhabitants, however, its population went into decline in 2023. Global population As of 2025, the world's population stands at almost 8.2 billion people and is expected to reach around 10.3 billion people in the 2080s, when it will then go into decline. Due to improved healthcare, sanitation, and general living conditions, the global population continues to increase; mortality rates (particularly among infants and children) are decreasing and the median age of the world population has steadily increased for decades. As for the average life expectancy in industrial and developing countries, the gap has narrowed significantly since the mid-20th century. Asia is the most populous continent on Earth; 11 of the 20 largest countries are located there. It leads the ranking of the global population by continent by far, reporting four times as many inhabitants as Africa. The Demographic Transition The population explosion over the past two centuries is part of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition. Simply put, this transition results from a drastic reduction in mortality, which then leads to a reduction in fertility, and increase in life expectancy; this interim period where death rates are low and birth rates are high is where this population explosion occurs, and population growth can remain high as the population ages. In today's most-developed countries, the transition generally began with industrialization in the 1800s, and growth has now stabilized as birth and mortality rates have re-balanced. Across less-developed countries, the stage of this transition varies; for example, China is at a later stage than India, which accounts for the change in which country is more populous - understanding the demographic transition can help understand the reason why China's population is now going into decline. The least-developed region is Sub-Saharan Africa, where fertility rates remain close to pre-industrial levels in some countries. As these countries transition, they will undergo significant rates of population growth.

Russia's total Imports in 2021 were valued at US$293.50 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia's main import partners were: China, Germany and the United States. The top three import commodities were: Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers; Electrical, electronic equipment and Vehicles other than railway, tramway. Total Exports were valued at US$492.31 Billion. In 2021, Russia had a trade surplus of US$198.82 Billion.

Russia's total Exports in 2021 were valued at US$492.31 Billion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia's main export partners were: China, the Netherlands and Germany. The top three export commodities were: Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products; Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins and Iron and steel. Total Imports were valued at US$293.50 Billion. In 2021, Russia had a trade surplus of US$198.82 Billion.

The Asia-Pacific medium and large caliber ammunition market is projected to grow from $461.84 million in 2025 to $623.80 million by 2033, at a CAGR of 3.17%. Factors driving the growth of this market include increasing defense expenditure, rising demand for precision-guided ammunition, and modernization of military forces. Additionally, the presence of significant military powers in the region, such as China, India, and Japan, is also contributing to the demand for medium and large caliber ammunition. In terms of market segments, the production of medium and large caliber ammunition is concentrated in a few major countries, including China, India, and Japan. The consumption of this ammunition is primarily driven by military exercises, training, and operations. Imports and exports of medium and large caliber ammunition are also significant, with China and Russia being major exporters. Key players in the Asia-Pacific medium and large caliber ammunition market include Rheinmetall AG, Rostec State Corporation, China South Industries Group Co Ltd, and Munitions India Limited, among others. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in Internet of Things (IoT) and Autonomous Systems, Rise in Demand for Military and Defense Satellite Communication Solutions. Potential restraints include: Cybersecurity Threats to Satellite Communication, Interference in Transmission of Data. Notable trends are: Large Caliber Segment is Expected Witness Highest Growth During the Forecast Period.

This study conducts a comparative analysis of how geopolitical risk (GPR) and innovation impact stock returns in the defense industry based on data from 75 defense companies across 17 countries and 4 continents. With daily datasets spanning from January 1, 2014 to March 29, 2024, wavelet coherence and wavelet phase differences were used to conduct the analysis. The results revealed that innovation had a greater and more pronounced impact during the entire analysis period compared with the influence of GPR events. GPRs exerted an uneven and heterogeneous impact on global defense stocks and had a concentrated impact during events that generated uncertainty. Overall, we found significant time-varying dependence across a large number of companies at different time frequencies. The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a major impact on companies in the defense industry. Further, GPR events led to increased volatility during the Russia–Ukraine war, leading to increased uncertainty. In addition to the dominant role they play in the world defense market, US companies served as a robust hedge, especially from 2021 to 2022. Defense companies in the UK are more sensitive to both GPR events and innovation, followed by companies in Germany and France. Comparative analysis of the scalograms of China reveals a greater influence of innovation compared with GPR events. Thus, diversification opportunities have been extended from the defense industry in China, offering investors a promising way to capitalize on refuge opportunities during periods of disruption. To mitigate the global rearmament trend, we suggest alternative investment opportunities for different time horizons.

The Soil and Physiographic Database for Northern and Central Eurasia (1:5 Million Scale) CD-ROM contains reports, databases, and digital maps for North and Central Eurasia region [covering China (including the Taiwan Province of China), Mongolia, and all countries of the former Soviet Union (CIS and Baltic States)]. The database was prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in co-operation with the Dokuchaiev Institute of Soil Science, Moscow, Russia and the Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, Nanjing, China. The preparation of this database is part of a larger FAO programme that aims to produce a systematic update of the soil and terrain database for the whole world. This effort is supported by a number of international institutes and organizations such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Soil Resources Information Centre (ISRIC), and the European Soil Bureau (ESB), and is only possible through contribution of national soil institutes worldwide.

The soil information in this database has been derived from several sources, in particular the 1:2.5 Million Soil Map of the Former Soviet Union prepared by Friedland in the Dokuchaiev Institute, Moscow, and the Soil Map of China at 1:4 million scale prepared by the Institute of Soil Science of the Academia Sinica in Nanjing. All soil information has been correlated with the Revised Legend of the Soil Map of the World.

For Mongolia and the countries of the CIS and Baltic States, the physiographic coverage was prepared by the Dokuchaiev Institute according to the principles developed for soil and terrain databases (SOTER) by ISRIC, FAO and UNEP. For China, the physiographic layer was prepared as part of a larger project assessing land degradation in Asia according to the same principles.

For the Russian Federation and China, an integration of the soil and physiographic layer has been carried out; for the other areas, both layers have been prepared separately and no correlation has been attempted.

Apart from selected examples in the report on soils of China, the database does not contain any soil profile description nor soil analytical results. Documentation on the soils of the Russian Federation, the physiography of the CIS and Baltic States, and on soils of China is included on the CD-ROM.

The results presented on the CD-ROM are in part provisional, as efforts are under way to produce a full SOTER database for Eastern Europe at 1:2.5 million scale. This will improve the information available for the European part of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Belarus (Byelarus). In addition, more recent and more detailed regional soil information exists on the Russian Federation and on China.

Soil and Physiographic Database for North and Central Eurasia at 1:5 Million Scale is provided on CD-ROM by the FAO, Land and Water Digital Media Series (Number 7). The CD-ROM can be purchased (Price: US$40) from FAO, Sales and Marketing Group, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 0100 Rome, Italy (Fax: +39-06-5705-3360 E-mail: publications-sales@fao.org).

The United States led the ranking of the countries with the highest military spending in 2024, with 997 billion U.S. dollars dedicated to the military. That constituted almost 40 percent of the total military spending worldwide that year, which amounted to 2.7 trillion U.S. dollars. This amounted to 3.4 percent of the U.S.'s gross domestic product (GDP), placing the country lower in the ranking of military expenditure as a percentage of GDP, compared to Ukraine, Israel, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. China was the second largest military spender, with an estimated 314 billion U.S. dollars spent, with Russia following in third. Defense budgetAccording to the U.S. Congressional Budget Office, the outlays for defense will rise to 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars by 2033. The largest parts of the budget are dedicated to the Departments of the Navy and the Air Force. The budget for the U.S. Air Force for 2024 was nearly 260 billion U.S. dollars.Global military spendingThe value of military spending globally has grown steadily in the past years and reached 2.7 trillion U.S. dollars in 2024. Reasons for this are the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022, the war in Gaza, as well as increasing tensions in the South China Sea. North America is by far the leading region worldwide in terms of expenditure on the military.

The Russian courier service market, a dynamic sector fueled by e-commerce growth and expanding logistics infrastructure, presents significant opportunities. While precise market size figures for past years are unavailable, a reasonable estimate, considering global courier market trends and Russia's substantial e-commerce expansion, places the 2025 market value at approximately $15 billion USD. This robust market is projected to experience a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of, let's say, 8% from 2025 to 2033, driven primarily by the burgeoning e-commerce sector, increasing consumer demand for faster delivery options (express services), and the growing adoption of B2C and C2C models. The expansion of logistics networks, particularly in less developed regions, further contributes to market growth. However, economic fluctuations, geopolitical uncertainties, and competition from established international players pose challenges. The market segmentation reveals a strong preference for road transport, which dominates due to its cost-effectiveness and wide reach. The B2C segment holds the largest market share, indicating a consumer-driven market, though the B2B segment also shows significant growth potential, especially within the e-commerce, BFSI, and manufacturing sectors. Light and medium-weight shipments currently comprise the majority of the market volume. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of domestic and international players. Established players like DHL and Pony Express compete with rapidly growing domestic companies such as SDEK-Global LLC and Boxberry, who are leveraging technological advancements and strategic partnerships to gain market share. The ongoing development of robust payment systems and enhanced delivery infrastructure within Russia will significantly impact future market growth. This intense competition fosters innovation, leading to improved service quality, wider reach, and the emergence of specialized services catering to specific industry needs (healthcare, for example). Companies are continually investing in technology to enhance tracking, automation, and overall efficiency. The future growth of the Russian courier market hinges upon the sustained growth of e-commerce, effective government regulations fostering fair competition, and the continued enhancement of the country's overall logistical capabilities. Recent developments include: December 2023: has expanded the number of delivery directions in the regions of Krasnodar region, Tver region, Arkhangelsk region, Amur region, Karachay-Cherkessia, The Republic of Khakassia, Tyva Republic, and Kemerovo region. Also, the new tariffs for sending parcels using SberCourier and SberPosylka services had come into effect for SberLogistics LLC from January 16, 2023.May 2023: Garantpost announced that it improved service operations at its St. Petersburg branch for courier and parcel deliveries.March 2023: The Sea + Railway delivery service is available from the main ports of China and Southeast Asia to the Russian Federation (Moscow and St. Petersburg). The option includes sea freight to the port of Riga, transshipment to a railway car, and shipment by rail to the Russian Federation.. Notable trends are: OTHER KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS COVERED IN THE REPORT.

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Generator Market for Nuclear Power Size 2024-2028

The generator market for nuclear power size is forecast to increase by USD 1.51 billion, at a CAGR of 3.13% between 2023 and 2028. The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by several key factors. Firstly, there is a rising focus on clean energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, making nuclear power an attractive option due to its low carbon footprint. Secondly, technological advances in nuclear energy, such as small modular reactors and advanced fuel types, are increasing efficiency and safety while decreasing costs. However, competition from other renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind, and public perception issues surrounding nuclear safety and waste disposal, pose challenges to market expansion.

What will be the size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

Forecast 2024-2028

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Market Dynamic

The market is a significant sector in the energy industry, providing large-scale electrical energy through mechanical sources. Nuclear power generators, a crucial component of this market, convert the heat energy generated from nuclear reactions into electrical energy. Unlike diesel generators, which run on fossil fuels, nuclear generators do not emit greenhouse gases during operation. The IT sector, Technology, and various industries, such as the Service sector, Hospitals, Hotels, Restaurants, IT, telecommunication centers, Banking, Insurance, Real estate, and Professional services, rely heavily on uninterrupted power supply. Nuclear power generators offer a reliable solution, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to these sectors. A nuclear power generator consists of a Prime Mover, which is a nuclear reactor, a Rotor, and a Stator. The Rotor, which rotates, generates a Magnetic Field, and the Stator, which does not rotate, has Output Terminals that transfer the Electrical energy produced. The Nuclear Power Market is expected to grow significantly due to the increasing demand for electrical energy and the need for clean energy sources. In conclusion, the market plays a vital role in providing reliable and clean energy sources to various industries. Nuclear power generators, with their ability to produce large-scale electrical energy without greenhouse gas emissions, are a crucial component of this market. The increasing demand for electrical energy and the need for clean energy sources are expected to drive the growth of the Nuclear Power Market.

Key Market Driver- Increasing dependency on nuclear power

According to the World Nuclear Association, the 128 nuclear reactors operating in EU member states accounted for 28% of the EU's total electricity generation in 2021. Nuclear energy accounts for about 17% of electricity outside the EU, with 53 reactors in Russia, Ukraine, and Switzerland supplying other European countries.

Moreover, many countries in Europe are turning to clean energy sources, such as nuclear power, which produces clean energy without leading to the depletion of fossil fuels. Additionally, the generators used in nuclear reactors ensure continuous, uninterrupted power supply for several months. Hence, these factors are expected to drive the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Significant Market Trends- Developments in nuclear fusion technology

Governments around the world are focusing on new developments and innovations in nuclear reactor projects through joint cooperation with other countries. For example, China, the European Union, India, Japan, South Korea, Russia, and the United States are cooperating in the construction and operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), an experimental device based on fusion technology.

Moreover, the success of this demonstration is expected to set a good precedent for the safe use of nuclear reactors based on fusion technology in the future. Thus, such cooperation regarding the use of nuclear fusion technology for power generation is expected to drive the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Major Market Challenge- Competition from other renewable energy sources

Renewable energy sources include geothermal energy, solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass. According to the IEA, in 2020 renewable energy and natural gas accounted for 28% and 24% of the world's total electricity generation, respectively, significantly increasing the popularity of renewable energy around the world. There is increasing focus on the use of clean energy sources for power generation. As a result, the demand for the use of renewable energy sources is rapidly increasing.

Additionally, the increased use of renewable energy is reducing the demand for nuclear power. Therefore, the increase in power generation from renewable energy sources such as geothermal, solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass is expected to hinder the growth of the nuclear i

The vegetation coverage data of theChina-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor is based on the Landsat TM data. The dataset includes three-year vegetation coverage data（ 1990, 2000, and 2005）. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is extracted first and then converted into vegetation coverage. Since the image is greatly affected by the cloud, this data is replaced by the same period image of the nearby year. The land cover of the corridor is mainly grassland (steppe). Seasonal and one-time precipitation have a great impact on grassland growth. Therefore, there are still different time splicing problems in this data. After that we will propose a solution to the problem and share the new version of the data. For example, based on a large amount of remote sensing data (multi-temporal phase), the maximum synthesis method is used to extract vegetation coverage.

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Military Satellite Payloads And Subsystems Market Size 2024-2028

The military satellite payloads and subsystems market size is forecast to increase by USD 3.17 billion and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.09% between 2023 and 2028. The maritime communication landscape is undergoing significant transformations, driven by technological advancements and evolving security threats. One of the most notable developments is the emergence of inflatable Satellite Communication (SATCOM) antennas, which offer enhanced mobility and flexibility for naval forces. These antennas enable secure, high-speed connectivity at sea, ensuring effective communication between ships, submarines, and shore-based command centers. Another critical factor shaping the maritime communication market is the increasing seaborne security threats, which necessitate the procurement of advanced military communication systems. These systems strengthen defense communication security by providing encrypted, secure communication channels, protecting against potential cyber-attacks and interception. As a result, defense agencies worldwide are investing heavily in next-generation communication technologies, such as Software-Defined Radio (SDR) systems and advanced encryption algorithms, to secure their communication networks and maintain a strategic advantage.

What will be the Size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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Market Dynamic and Customer Landscape

The market is witnessing an emergence due to the increasing demand for advanced military communication and defense communication systems. The landscape is characterized by the procurement of bigger satellites and lighter weight power systems, including amplifiers, for enhanced performance. Inflatable satcom antennas are gaining popularity due to their compact size and easy deployment. Defense agencies are focusing on Surveillance, Communications, Signals intelligence, Navigation, and Meteorology for tactical warfare and seaborne security. The market is expected to experience significant growth in the current marketplace. The market is driven by the need for real-time intelligence and communication during military operations. The use of microsatellites for defense applications is on the rise due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of deployment. Maintenance and upkeep of these systems are also crucial for their optimal performance. The competitive situation in the Military Satellite Payloads and Subsystems market is intense, with key players employing various business strategies to gain a competitive edge. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the market trends, current marketplace, and business decisions are essential for stakeholders to make informed investments. Our researchers analyzed the data with 2023 as the base year, along with the key drivers, trends, and challenges. A holistic analysis of drivers will help companies refine their marketing strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

Key Market Driver

Emergence of inflatable SATCOM antennas is notably driving the market growth. The market encompasses the latest advancements and trends in satellite communication technology, primarily used by defense agencies for reconnaissance, surveillance, communications, signals intelligence, navigation, and meteorology. The emergence of inflatable satcoms and microsatellites has brought about lighter, more cost-effective solutions for seaborne security and tactical warfare.

Moreover, these smaller satellites require less power and maintenance compared to bigger satellites, making them a profitable alternative for defense communication needs. Extensive research by analysts and research teams reveals that the market landscape is influenced by various factors, including the procurement of advanced antennas, lightweight power systems, and competition among vendors. Thus, such factors are driving the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Significant Market Trends

Use of microsatellites in maintenance and assistance of bigger satellites is the key trend in the market. The market encompasses a landscape of defense agencies' procurement of advanced technologies for military communication, Reconnaissance, Surveillance, Communications, Signals intelligence, Navigation, and Meteorology.

Moreover, the emergence of lightweight, cost-effective solutions, such as inflatable satcom antennas and microsatellites, is influencing the market's profitability and competition dynamics. These microsatellites can act as auxiliary resources for bigger satellites, performing tasks like maintenance and refueling, thereby reducing the need for risky exploratory missions. Thus, such trends will shape the growth of the market during the forecast period.

Major Market Challenge

Issues related to space debris and deorbiting is the major challenge that affects the growth of the market. The market encomp

External Debt in Russia increased to 323 USD Billion in the second quarter of 2025 from 312.40 USD Billion in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Explore the top wheat-producing countries in the world, including China, India, Russia, the United States, France, Canada, and Pakistan. Learn about their agricultural techniques, key growing regions, and contributions to global food security.