This document contains the raw data from an anonymous, cross-sectional, global online survey that aimed to identify the experiences and operation of research ethics review committees (ERCs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents were chairs (or their delegates) of ERCs who were involved in the review of COVID-19-related research protocols after March 2020. The 203 participants [130 from high-income countries (HICs) and 73 from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)] came from diverse entities and organizations from 48 countries (19 HICs and 29 LMICs) in all World Health Organization regions.The survey questionnaire, administered through the Qualtrics Experience Management (XM) online platform, consisted of 50 items, with opportunities for open text responses. This document includes two Excel spreadsheets with the original data from Qualtrics, one for participants from HICs and the other for participants from LMICs.The study received approval from Western University’s Non-Medical Research Ethics Board (Protocol ID 120455). Additionally, it was evaluated by the World Health Organization Research Ethics Review Committee (Protocol ID CERC.0181) and was exempted from further review.

These extended supplementary materials go with the article:

Witzel & Dewis (2022) Why Bananas Look Yellow: The Dominant Hue of Object Colours. Vision Research.

A. SURVEYS

A pdf-printout for each of the three Qualtrics surveys illustrates details of the procedure. The layout may have been slightly different in Qualtrics (e.g., wide screen vs portrait display). Also note that the second and third surveys feature a few questions that were unrelated to the dominant-hue study (identifying a grey image).

B. STIMULI

The images used in Experiments 1-3, and the animated images used as cues to colour changes in Experiment 3 are packed in zip-files.

C. CODE

The Matlab code "onehue_maker.m" is a function that implements the dominant-hue algorithm to produce one-hue images like those in the experiments. To try out the program, the photo of the banana and the mask identifying its background are also uploaded (= first and second input to the function). The purpose of the mask is to remove the background colour from the dominant-hue computations.

D. DATA

The uploaded data is not completely raw but has been polished in the following ways:

Pilot data has been removed (i.e., meaningless data from us and our students to try out, check and polish the survey).

Incomplete runs have been removed (i.e., when participants quitted before completing the whole survey).

Data irrelevant to this study have been removed (date and time; grey-identification task [see above]).

There are 3 sheets with data and three sheets with stimulus specifications for each of the three experiments. The stimulus specifications include the measures used in the analyses in "Other Factors" in the Discussion of Experiment 3.

Columns in the Data sheets are:

Participant information: recruit (soc med = social media; UG pool = undergraduate students, prolific = https://www.prolific.co/); coldef = Colour deficiencies (1 Yes, 2 No according to test, 3 No without test, 4 Don't know); sex (1 male, 2 female, 3 other); age (in years), and duration (in minutes).

Main data: Column labels are composed of the following elements, separated by an underscore (_):

The first 3-5 letters of the object name: ban = banana, car = carrot, cher = cherry, dress = #theDress, fro = frog, gra = grapes, lem = lemon, let = lettuce, ora = orange, pig, ros = rose, shoe = #theShoe, stra = strawberry, zuc = zucchini/courgette.

A symbol indicating the stimulus condition: 1 = One-Hue, m = Minus-Hue Rotation, p = Plus-Hue Rotation.

A number identifying the measure: 1 = responded position; 2 = accuracy of the response (1 = correct); 3 = response time (in sec), 4 (Experiment 2-3) = confidence rating (between 0 and 100), 5 (Experiment 3) = cue confidence (cf. Figure 11.a).

For inverted colours (Experiment 3), the column label starts with an "i" (for inverted).

Practice Trials: Start with the prefix ex (for example) followed by an underscore (_) and the ID of the object; otherwise, data as in main trials.

Catch Trials (Experiment 2-3): Start with object name "d" for disk, otherwise, data as in main trials.

Eidolon Guesses (Experiment 2): Start with "guess" followed by the object ID (see main trials) followed by a number indicating the measure: 1 = response (yes/no), 2 = confidence (if positive response). In case of a positive response, the text entries are save in the variables starting with guess_txt.

Columns in the stimulus sheets are:

DomHue: Angle of the dominant hue (cf. Figure 3); as principal components are relative to the average, the angle is relative to the average, not the origin.

pole1 and pole2: Poles of the dominant hue direction. "pole1_rgb" provides corresponding RGBs for illustration (cf. Figure 1).

ChromaRescaled: Rescale Factor (see Experiment 3).

MaxChr: Maximum chroma of the colour distribution in CIELUV.

M: Average chromaticities (u*, v*) of the colour distribution.

pc: Coefficients of the first principal component for u* and v*.

latent & expl: Absolute and relative explained variance, respectively; second column corresponds to orthogonal variance.

hueM & hueSD: Average and standard deviation of the hue of the colour distribution (cf. Figure 3).

rot_minus, rot_plus: The hue rotations in the rotated-hue condition (constant minus or plus 5, except for #theShoe).

oog_1hue, oog_plus, oog_minus: The proportion of out-of-gamut values.

oogdist_1hue, oogdist_minus, oogdist_plut: Average difference between clipped and original images (in CIELUV).

Mshift_1hue, Mshift_minus, Mshift_plus: Average and standard deviation of chromaticity shift due to the experimental manipulation (cf. Figure 5 and Table S1).

Mhueshift_1hue, Mhueshift_minus, Mhueshift_plus: Average and standard deviation of hue shift in CIELUV (cf. Figure S4.d-f and Table S2).

Lab_shift_1hue, Lab_shift_minus, Lab_shift_plus: Average and standard deviation of chromaticity shift in CIELAB (cf. Figure S4.a-c and Table S1).

Lab_hueshift_1hue, Lab_hueshift_minus, Lab_hueshift_plus: Average and standard deviation of hue shift in CIELAB (cf. Figure S4.g-i and Table S2).

Lab_Mhue: Hue of the average colour in CIELAB

Lab_hueM & Lab_hueSD0: Average and standard deviation of the CIELAB hue distribution.

huehist0: CIELUV hue histogram; each entry corresponds to the frequencies for 72 bins of 5-deg (cf. Figure 3); the zero indicates that the hue is relative to the origin, not to the average chromaticity.

Dataset from the University of Otago survey of staff attitudes towards and publishing practices in open access.CSV format, comma-delimited, Unicode (UTF-8)Notes:* The full set of questions are availble in various formats in the Figshare collection for this project.* The data in this file has been modified for public release to remove any potentially identifying information. Certain responses have been redacted and the [removed] inserted to indicate modification to preserve anonymity.* Top row = question number* Second row = question text* Column A is a unique ResponseID generated by the software used (Qualtrics)* Responses in this dataset are provided as text not codes* Questions with multiple possible answers are presented as separate columns with the top row indicating this: Q10_1, Q10_2, ... Q10_9, Q10_OTHER_TEXT, etc.* Send questions to copyright@otago.ac.nz

Despite many innovative ideas generated in response to COVID-19, few studies have examined community preferences for these ideas. Our study aimed to determine university community members’ preferences for three novel ideas identified through a crowdsourcing open call at the University of North Carolina (UNC) for making campus safer in the pandemic, as compared to existing (i.e. pre-COVID-19) resources. An online survey was conducted from March 30, 2021 – May 6, 2021. Survey participants included UNC students, staff, faculty, and others. The online survey was distributed using UNC’s mass email listserv and research directory, departmental listservs, and student text groups. Collected data included participant demographics, COVID-19 prevention behaviors, preferences for finalist ideas vs. existing resources in three domains (graduate student supports, campus tours, and online learning), and interest in volunteering with finalist teams. In total 437 survey responses were received from 228 (52%) staff, 119 (27%) students, 78 (18%) faculty, and 12 (3%) others. Most participants were older than age 30 years (309; 71%), women (332, 78%), and white (363, 83.1%). Five participants (1%) were gender minorities, 66 (15%) identified as racial/ethnic minorities, and 46 (10%) had a disability. Most participants preferred the finalist idea for a virtual campus tour of UNC’s lesser-known history compared to the existing campus tour (52.2% vs. 16.0%). For graduate student supports, 41.4% of participants indicated no preference between the finalist idea and existing supports; for online learning resources, the existing resource was preferred compared to the finalist idea (41.6% vs. 30.4%). Most participants agreed that finalists’ ideas would have a positive impact on campus safety during COVID-19 (81.2%, 79.6%, and 79.2% for finalist ideas 1, 2 and 3 respectively). 61 (14.1%) participants indicated interest in volunteering with finalist teams. Together these findings contribute to the development and implementation of community-engaged crowdsourced campus safety interventions during COVID-19. Methods An online survey was distributed to members of the UNC Chapel Hill community using multiple digital strategies, including a mass informational email system (UNC’s Mass Mail system), circulation on 12 departmental listservs, UNC GroupMe text messages, and the Research For Me @ UNC database. Survey responses were collected via a Qualtrics survey form. Survey responses were collected online from March 30, 2021 to May 6, 2021. Survey participants completed electronic informed consent prior to answering the survey. All survey response data collected from participants were compiled using Microsoft Excel. Data collected include demographic information of participants, questions about COVID-19-related behaviors, and preferences for crowdsourced strategies for enhancing campus safety during the pandemic vs. existing comparable resources at UNC.

We anonymously surveyed members and non-members of the LGBTQIA+ community of conservation students and professionals in North America to explore participants’ lived experiences in conservation regarding safety, belonging, and inclusion. Our 737 responses included 10% that identified as genderqueer, gender nonconforming, questioning, nonspecific, genderfluid, transgender woman, agender, transgender man, two spirit Indigenous, or intersex (hereafter gender expansive), and 29% bisexual, queer, lesbian, gay, asexual, pansexual, omnisexual, questioning, or non-heterosexual (hereafter queer+). Data also include results of a non-response survey of 157 individuals who chose not to complete our the full survey, but answered basic demographic questions to determine non-response bias., Responses were solicited from an email list that included natural resource, conservation, ecology, wildlife, and fisheries departments from public and private universities; 4-year colleges; 2-year colleges; professional schools; technical, vocational, or trade schools; Hispanic-serving institutions; historically Black colleges and universities; tribal colleges, and women’s colleges. To include perspectives from non-academic settings and to target LGBTIQA+ individuals, we included listserv members of the “Out in the Field'' LGBTQIA+ and ally working group of the Wildlife Society as part of our survey population. We distributed a Qualtrics suvey and consent letter to ask respondents about their feelings and experiences of safety, belonging, and inclusion working in the field of conservation., Data were analyzed in R version 4.2.2. , # LGBTQIA+ experiences in conservation survey data

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gr

Survey data from 737 conservation students and professionals describing their lived experience and feelings on inclusion, safety, and belonging while working in the field of conservation. Data were used to describe lessened feelings of inclusion, safety, and belonging among LGBTQIA+ conservation professionals compared to non-LGBTQIA+ professionals. We also include a file of 157 individuals who did not respond to the main survey, but responded to a short survey of demographic questions to quantify non-response bias. Location data and extended text response data have been removed to protect survey respondents' anonymity.

Description of the data and file structure

Data are an anonymous output from a Qualtrics survey. Location information has been removed for further anonymity. Includes basic demographic information and quantitative ratings of feelings...

University of Pittsburgh librarians at the Health Sciences Library System and the University Library System conducted an 18-question online survey to learn what roles other academic and health sciences libraries are playing at their institutions in providing services and support to their users regarding electronic lab notebooks (ELNs). The survey was administered via Qualtrics. Questions included self-identification of being a health sciences library, whether their university offers an enterprise ELN license, if so which one and when did they start offering it, involvement in the selection process, types of services provided, service utilization, library staff involvement and workload, and whether other units at the university provide support. Questions were a mix of multiple choice and free text. Survey logic was used so depending on their answers respondents did not see all questions.Participants were recruited from September 7, 2017 through October 6, 2017. An email message and reminder were targeted to numerous library listservs requesting participation from ONLY academic libraries, including those in the health sciences. The email also stated "The information gathered will be used in developing our service model, and we also expect to incorporate it into one or more presentations or articles for publication. Although we ask for information identifying your library/institution, it will only be used for data analysis purposes. No library/institution will be identified publicly or linked to any particular response." We therefore removed any identifying responses from the data response spreadsheet posted here. Q1 and Q9 were removed, and identifying information within Q10, Q13, and Q18 was redacted.The CSV file contains de-identifed survey responses (indicated as #####). We did not include incomplete data (surveys with the majority of questions unanswered) and those responses that did not meet inclusion criteria of an academic/medical library. Also included is a PDF of the survey questions. This data was described here: Iwema, C.L. and Ratajeski, M.A. (2018, May). Creating New Research Services: Library Support for Electronic Lab Notebooks. Paper presented at Medical Library Association Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

High white-tailed deer abundance in the United States represents an ecological and human health threat. Reducing deer populations by lethal means and facilitating return of large predators are two potential, but controversial, management options. We used an online questionnaire to measure perspectives on deer management and predator return among a stratified sample of New York State residents. We found widespread acceptance (>70%) for reducing deer populations using lethal means if doing so would reduce Lyme disease, increase forest regeneration, protect native plants and animals, and improve road safety. Acceptance for shooting more deer was unaffected by ethnicity but strongest among respondents who were older, identified as hunters or conservationists, owned more land, and considered health and safety while answering our questionnaire. Respondents who identified as animal protectionists were least accepting. Restoring regionally extirpated wolves and cougars had limited acceptance..., This dataset contains data from an online questionnaire we used to assess perspectives of New York State residents on deer management and potential return of large predators. Qualtrics LLC (www.qualtrics.com) recruited 1,206 adults (aged 18 or older) living in New York State who answered our questionnaire from 6 - 28 June 2022. To reduce sampling error and increase external validity, we stratified our sample to approximate the population of New York State in terms of age, ethnicity, and gender identity according to the most recent American Community Survey statistics (U.S. Census Bureau, 2020). We oversampled from rural areas to permit more powerful rural-urban comparisons. Respondents reported beliefs about who should participate in deer management; how acceptable it would be for people who shoot deer to use meat and other parts in various ways; how acceptable it would be for land managers to allow shooting more deer if doing so would help achieve various ecological and socioeconomic o..., , # Data from: When dogma meets reality: perspectives of New York State residents to deer management, hunting, and predator reintroductions

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb60s

The spreadsheet contains data from 1,206 respondents (recruited by Qualtrics LLC) to our survey regarding public perceptions of deer management and deer welfare in New York State. We stratified our sample to approximate the population of New York State in terms of age, ethnicity, and gender identity according to the most recent American Community Survey statistics (U.S. Census Bureau, 2020). We oversampled from rural areas to permit more powerful rural-urban comparisons. All respondents provided informed consent and completed a block of demographic questions to ensure they met sample quotas before answering survey questions. Each row of the spreadsheet contains responses from an individual respondent, with columns referring to their demographic information and answers...,

We are interested in learning about perceptions, values, and behaviors around the computer software generated as part of the research process. To understand researchers' prespectives on software usage and sharing, we conducted an online survey sent to researchers at academic institutions throughout the United States. We used the Qualtrics platform to distribute our survey. This data set contains the responses of the survey participants after excluding any personally identifying data.

All study materials and procedures were approved by the University of California Berkeley Committee for Protection of Human Subjects and Office for the Protection of Human Subjects (protocol ID 2016-11-9358).

Methods Survey data was collected via the Qualtrics platform. All survey questions, consent materials, and instructions are included in the file "Alnoamany_Borghi_2018_survey.pdf". Code used for data analysis can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195605.

During March–April 2021, we used an anonymous Qualtrics survey to ask academic trainees (i.e., graduate students and postdoctoral scholars, hereafter postdocs) currently working at American and Canadian Universities within environmental biology fields about their publication records, career goals, challenges to writing, planning and scheduling writing, writing tracking methods, laboratory group (i.e., peers and advisor) involvement in their writing process, participation in writing accountability groups, demographic information, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their feelings towards writing habits and productivity. We were approved for IRB exemption under 45CFR46.104 and no answers could be linked to individuals or geographic locations, thus the survey did not track any personal identifying information., This data was collected through a Qualtrics survey. The data was downloaded as an Excel file and some columns were renamed, and some responses were coded for analysis purposes. See the "metadata" tab for detailed descriptions of all columns. Empty cells were filled with "NA". Three variables were removed to comply with Dryad’s policies on human subjects data. The variables were "start": time the participant started the survey; "end": the time the participant finished the survey; and “recorded_data†: the date and time the participant submitted the survey in MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm.,

Quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hsf | Element | Notes | | ------- | ----- | | Title * | Quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation: A theoretically-guided cross-sectional study | | Creator * | Dr. Kathy L Rush | | Description * | The primary motivation behind the creation of this dataset is to bring attention to the notably reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) individuals suffering with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience when compared to both the general population and individuals with other heart-related conditions. Current research tends to concentrate on understanding how AF symptoms impact HRQoL, often overlooking the significance of individual characteristics determining HRQoL. To bridge this research gap, this study aims to establish an enhanced predictive model for HRQoL in individuals with AF. This model is based on an adapted HRQoL conceptual framework that takes into account both the influence of symptoms and the unique characteristics of each individual. | | Alternate Title | Quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation | | Contact Name | Dr. Kathy L Rush | | Contact Email | kathy.rush@ubc.ca | | Contact Other | | | Update Frequency * | One time upload September 2023 | | Date Issued | September 2023 | | Date Created * | Data collection began November 2020 | | Start Date | 11/1/2020 | | End Date | 10/31/2021 | | Spatial Coverage | British Columbia | | Usage Considerations | This dataset is used to answer the associated research questions and fulfill the purpose of the study. We examined whether individual characteristics (overall mental health, perceived stress, sex, age, AF knowledge, household and recreational physical activity) incremented prediction of HRQoL and AF treatment satisfaction beyond AF symptom recency and overall health | ## Methodology Sample and Recruitment All patients of the clinic with an AF diagnosis who were over 18 years and could complete an online survey or had a family member who could assist, were eligible to participate. The clinic’s booking clerk sent a letter detailing the research study (by mail or email) to all patients with upcoming appointments during the recruitment period. The letter informed patients of the ongoing study and to expect a telephone initiation from a research team member regarding their eligibility and interest in the study. Patient contact information was then shared with the research team using secure file transfer. Subsequently a research assistant (a physician or a licensed practical nurse) who had no prior relationship with participants contacted patients by telephone. Recruitment began in November 2020 and continued for one year until a sample size of approximately 200 was achieved. A post hoc power analysis assuming a medium effect size estimated required sample size for modelling to be 114, indicating appropriate sample size had been achieved for analyses (Faul et al., 2007). Data Collection Study data were collected using an online survey hosted on Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, UT). Prior to taking the survey, all participants gave electronic consent. Participants who finished the survey were eligible for a chance to win one of three $150 gift certificates through a random draw. Measures Overall Health: Participants were asked to rate their overall health on a scale ranging from 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent) (Ware et al., 1996). Overall mental health: Participants were asked to rate their overall mental health on a scale ranging from 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent) (Ahmad et al., 2014). Perceived stress (S. Cohen et al., 1983): The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), a 10-item, 5-point scale, measures the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful, ability to control aspects of life, confidence in handling problems, or being unable to cope with demands. The PSS-10 previously had a reliability alpha of .78 and correlated in a predictable way with other measures of stress (S. Cohen et al., 1983) Socio-demographic characteristics: These included sex, age, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, and income. AF Knowledge (McCabe et al., 2020). The Knowledge about AF tool is a 28-item multiple choice-style questionnaire including questions about AF symptoms, treatment, medications, risk factors, and lifestyle. Participants are asked to choose one of 3 options for each question, only one of which is the correct response. The tool was developed using research on gaps in patient knowledge and patient values and management preferences. Knowledge scores are calculated as a percentage of correct answers, with higher numbers indicating higher knowledge. Four items were removed from the overall knowledge percent scores, as per McCabe et al. (McCabe et al., 2020) finding that these items had factor loadings below .45 and were not reliable predicto...

The Cardiff Travel Survey is a longitudinal survey that aims to (a) establish current and previous (before the coronavirus outbreak) travel habits; (b) explore how travel-related attitudes, social norms and perceptions change over time; and (c) examine the interplay between individual (perceptual) and environmental (infrastructural) factors in travel mode choice, in particular in relation to the uptake of active travel such as walking and cycling in the City of Cardiff, Wales. The Cardiff Travel Survey 2024 (Wave 4) is an opportunity sample that was collected in 2024 (n=2,427) by the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAST), and is the fourth of a longitudinal series of surveys to be held annually for the duration of the centre. Data for the Cardiff Travel Survey 2024 were collected between 11 April 2023 and 05 June 2024. Participants of the Cardiff Travel Survey 2023 who consented (n=1,324) were recontacted via email to invite them to take part in the 2024 survey. Furthermore, participants were recruited through posts on social media, such as Facebook® and Twitter®. Invitations were posted on CAST and investigator accounts. The survey was hosted on the Qualtrics online survey platform and available in both English and Welsh. Inclusion criteria were that participants had to be at least 18 years of age and live in or travel regularly to Cardiff. The English version of the survey was completed by 2,628 respondents and the Welsh version by 9 respondents. There was evidence of bot activity in the English survey. This led to 1,630 responses to be removed. Incomplete responses (n=129), defined as those without any answers beyond socio-demographic, were removed from the dataset. A further 81 respondents did not complete the first section on current travel behaviours and were also removed. This left a final sample of n=797 adults. Participants were asked to create a unique code that can be used match this survey to the previous and next surveys without knowing their identity. Main topic areas of the questionnaire were: Demographics, Travel behaviours, Physical activity, Physical health and mental wellbeing, Perceptions of infrastructure and environmental quality, Travel-related social identity, Attitudes to active travel, Active travel related social norms, Support for active travel policies, and Unique ID.The Centre for Climate Change Transformations (C3T) will be a global hub for understanding the profound changes required to address climate change. At its core, is a fundamental question of enormous social significance: how can we as a society live differently - and better - in ways that meet the urgent need for rapid and far-reaching emission reductions? While there is now strong international momentum on action to tackle climate change, it is clear that critical targets (such as keeping global temperature rise to well within 2 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels) will be missed without fundamental transformations across all parts of society. C3T's aim is to advance society's understanding of how to transform lifestyles, organisations and social structures in order to achieve a low-carbon future, which is genuinely sustainable over the long-term. Our Centre will focus on people as agents of transformation in four challenging areas of everyday life that impact directly on climate change but have proven stubbornly resistant to change: consumption of goods and physical products, food and diet, travel, and heating/cooling. We will work across multiple scales (individual, community, organisational, national and global) to identify and experiment with various routes to achieving lasting change in these challenging areas. In particular, we will test how far focussing on 'co-benefits' will accelerate the pace of change. Co-benefits are outcomes of value to individuals and society, over and above the benefits from reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These may include improved health and wellbeing, reduced waste, better air quality, greater social equality, security, and affordability, as well as increased ability to adapt and respond to future climate change. For example, low-carbon travel choices (such as cycling and car sharing) may bring health, social and financial benefits that are important for motivating behaviour and policy change. Likewise, aligning environmental and social with economic objectives is vital for behaviour and organisational change within businesses. Our Research Themes recognise that transformative change requires: inspiring yet workable visions of the future (Theme 1); learning lessons from past and current societal shifts (Theme 2); experimenting with different models of social change (Theme 3); together with deep and sustained engagement with communities, business and governments, and a research culture that reflects our aims and promotes action (Theme 4). Our Centre integrates academic knowledge from disciplines across the social and physical sciences with practical insights to generate widespread impact. Our team includes world-leading researchers with expertise in climate change behaviour, choices and governance. We will use a range of theories and research methods to fill key gaps in our understanding of transformation at different spatial and social scales, and show how to target interventions to impactful actions, groups and moments in time. Participants for the Cardiff Travel Survey (Wave 4) were recruited through posts on social media, such as Facebook and Twitter. Invitations were posted on CAST, Cardiff University, and investigator accounts. The survey was hosted on the Qualtrics online survey platform and available in both English and Welsh.

Fertilizers and deicers are common materials for property maintenance in the Midwest, however, their application contributes to negative environmental impacts when applied incorrectly. While fertilizer use is well researched, deicer use on private properties is not. This research aims to ascertain whether patterns of fertilizer use are different from those of deicer use in Hamilton County, Ohio, and determine what factors influence a resident’s decision to use these materials. Survey data were collected from 110 single-family households (38.9% response rate). Respondents are motivated by property appearance to apply fertilizers. Deicer use stems from safety concerns. Respondents were significantly more likely to consider the environmental impact of fertilizers than deicers. Respondents felt that using deicers is a more neighborly practice while using fertilizers reflects more positively on them in their neighborhood. This information can be used to develop outreach programs to reduce the environmental impacts of fertilizers and deicers. Methods A survey was designed to gauge respondents' perceptions and usage of fertilizers and deicers. Questions included in the survey asked respondents about the frequency with which residents use fertilizer and deicer, perceptions and knowledge of these materials, and demographic information (e.g., age, income, education, gender). Previous studies which focused on individuals’ uses of fertilizers, deicers, and other lawn management practices were used as a guide for designing questions for this survey. A random sample of 300 single family homes in Hamilton County was selected to receive the survey materials using ArcGIS Pro 2.9.2 and parcel data downloaded from the Hamilton County Community Planning Maps and GIS website in May of 2022. The surveys, as well as a $2 bill incentive, were distributed and collected using the Drop-off Pick-up (DOPU) method. Each survey packet contained a cover letter and printed cover sheet entitled “Research Consent Form” which informed potential participants about their rights as a survey participant. The cover sheet specified that answering the questions on the survey was completely voluntary and that the data participants provided would be anonymized and presented in aggregate form so that no one individual or household could be identified. No participant under 18 years of age was recruited and the cover letter stated that “Participation in this research is restricted to persons 18 years of age or older”. Lastly, the consent form provided contact information for the researchers and our Research Ethics and Integrity Office. Placing the fully or partially completed survey for the researchers to retrieve was understood as providing informed consent. The survey instrument, consent form, and recruitment mechanism were approved by the Research Ethics and Integrity Office at Miami University (project # 04247e). The dates of recruitment of participants, distribution and collection of survey materials took place from the June 1st to August 20th, 2022. Completed survey responses were recorded using Qualtrics. ArcGIS Pro was used to classify land cover and area for each household selected for surveying. The land covers on each parcel were digitized and divided into the following categories: lawn, building, driveway, sidewalk, patio, and pool. The various land cover classifications and their surface area for each parcel were used to calculate suggested fertilizers and deicer amounts for each household. These suggested amounts were compared to the amounts self-reported by respondents in the surveys.

The Cardiff Travel Survey is a longitudinal survey that aims to (a) establish current and previous (before the coronavirus outbreak) travel habits; (b) explore how travel-related attitudes, social norms and perceptions change over time; and (c) examine the interplay between individual (perceptual) and environmental (infrastructural) factors in travel mode choice, in particular in relation to the uptake of active travel such as walking and cycling in the City of Cardiff, Wales. The Cardiff Travel Survey 2023 (Wave 3) is an opportunity sample that was collected in 2023 (n=1,886) by the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAST), and is the third of a longitudinal series of surveys to be held annually for the duration of the centre. Data for the Cardiff Travel Survey 2023 were collected between 11 May 2023 and 19 July 2023. Participants of the Cardiff Travel Survey 2022 who consented (n=739) were recontacted via email to invite them to take part in the 2023 survey. Furthermore, participants were recruited through posts on social media, such as Facebook® and Twitter®. Invitations were posted on CAST and investigator accounts. The posts on Facebook were promoted to make them more visible in the area. The survey was hosted on the Qualtrics online survey platform and available in both English and Welsh. Inclusion criteria were that participants had to be at least 18 years of age and live in or travel regularly to Cardiff. The English version of the survey was completed by 2,033 respondents and the Welsh version by 56 respondents. Incomplete responses (n=152), defined as those without any answers beyond socio-demographic, were removed from the dataset. A further 51 respondents did not complete the first section on current travel behaviours and were also removed. This left a final sample of n=1,886 adults. Participants were asked to create a unique code that can be used match this survey to the previous and next surveys without knowing their identity. Main topic areas of the questionnaire are: Demographics, Travel behaviours, Physical activity, Physical health and mental wellbeing, Perceptions of infrastructure and environmental quality, Travel-related social identity, Attitudes to active travel, Active travel related social norms, Support for active travel policies, and Unique ID.The Centre for Climate Change Transformations (C3T) will be a global hub for understanding the profound changes required to address climate change. At its core, is a fundamental question of enormous social significance: how can we as a society live differently - and better - in ways that meet the urgent need for rapid and far-reaching emission reductions? While there is now strong international momentum on action to tackle climate change, it is clear that critical targets (such as keeping global temperature rise to well within 2 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels) will be missed without fundamental transformations across all parts of society. C3T's aim is to advance society's understanding of how to transform lifestyles, organisations and social structures in order to achieve a low-carbon future, which is genuinely sustainable over the long-term. Our Centre will focus on people as agents of transformation in four challenging areas of everyday life that impact directly on climate change but have proven stubbornly resistant to change: consumption of goods and physical products, food and diet, travel, and heating/cooling. We will work across multiple scales (individual, community, organisational, national and global) to identify and experiment with various routes to achieving lasting change in these challenging areas. In particular, we will test how far focussing on 'co-benefits' will accelerate the pace of change. Co-benefits are outcomes of value to individuals and society, over and above the benefits from reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These may include improved health and wellbeing, reduced waste, better air quality, greater social equality, security, and affordability, as well as increased ability to adapt and respond to future climate change. For example, low-carbon travel choices (such as cycling and car sharing) may bring health, social and financial benefits that are important for motivating behaviour and policy change. Likewise, aligning environmental and social with economic objectives is vital for behaviour and organisational change within businesses. Our Research Themes recognise that transformative change requires: inspiring yet workable visions of the future (Theme 1); learning lessons from past and current societal shifts (Theme 2); experimenting with different models of social change (Theme 3); together with deep and sustained engagement with communities, business and governments, and a research culture that reflects our aims and promotes action (Theme 4). Our Centre integrates academic knowledge from disciplines across the social and physical sciences with practical insights to generate widespread impact. Our team includes world-leading researchers with expertise in climate change behaviour, choices and governance. We will use a range of theories and research methods to fill key gaps in our understanding of transformation at different spatial and social scales, and show how to target interventions to impactful actions, groups and moments in time. Participants for the Cardiff Travel Survey (Wave 3) were recruited through posts on social media, such as Facebook and Twitter. Invitations were posted on CAST, Cardiff University, and investigator accounts. The survey was hosted on the Qualtrics online survey platform and available in both English and Welsh.

The Cardiff Travel Survey is a longitudinal survey that aims to (a) establish current and previous (before the coronavirus outbreak) travel habits; (b) explore how travel-related attitudes, social norms and perceptions change over time; and (c) examine the interplay between individual (perceptual) and environmental (infrastructural) factors in travel mode choice, in particular in relation to the uptake of active travel such as walking and cycling in the City of Cardiff, Wales. The Cardiff Travel Survey 2021 (Wave 1) is the first wave of data collected in 2021 (n=731) by the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAST) and is the first of a longitudinal series of surveys to be held annually. This first wave of the Cardiff Travel Survey can be used as a baseline for follow-up surveys as well as possible future information campaigns and interventions. Data for the Cardiff Travel Survey 2021 were collected between 19 May 2021 and 9 July 2021. Participants were recruited through posts on social media, such as Facebook® and Twitter®. Invitations were posted on CAST and investigator accounts as well as local Facebook® pages (e.g., Cardiff Students Postgraduate Network and neighbourhood-specific pages). The survey was hosted on the Qualtrics online survey platform and available in both English and Welsh. Inclusion criteria were that participants had to be at least 18 years of age and live in or travel regularly to Cardiff. The English version of the survey was completed by 690 respondents and the Welsh version by 41 respondents. Incomplete responses (n=56), defined as those without any answers beyond socio-demographic information, were removed from the dataset. This left a final sample of 675 adults. Participants were asked to create a unique code that can be used match this survey to the next surveys without knowing their identity. Main topic areas of the questionnaire are: Demographics, Travel behaviours - before coronavirus outbreak, Travel behaviours - current, Physical activity, Physical health and mental wellbeing, Perceptions of infrastructure and environmental quality, Attitudes to active travel, Social norms, Support for transport policies, and Unique ID.The Centre for Climate Change Transformations (C3T) will be a global hub for understanding the profound changes required to address climate change. At its core, is a fundamental question of enormous social significance: how can we as a society live differently - and better - in ways that meet the urgent need for rapid and far-reaching emission reductions? While there is now strong international momentum on action to tackle climate change, it is clear that critical targets (such as keeping global temperature rise to well within 2 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels) will be missed without fundamental transformations across all parts of society. C3T's aim is to advance society's understanding of how to transform lifestyles, organisations and social structures in order to achieve a low-carbon future, which is genuinely sustainable over the long-term. Our Centre will focus on people as agents of transformation in four challenging areas of everyday life that impact directly on climate change but have proven stubbornly resistant to change: consumption of goods and physical products, food and diet, travel, and heating/cooling. We will work across multiple scales (individual, community, organisational, national and global) to identify and experiment with various routes to achieving lasting change in these challenging areas. In particular, we will test how far focussing on 'co-benefits' will accelerate the pace of change. Co-benefits are outcomes of value to individuals and society, over and above the benefits from reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These may include improved health and wellbeing, reduced waste, better air quality, greater social equality, security, and affordability, as well as increased ability to adapt and respond to future climate change. For example, low-carbon travel choices (such as cycling and car sharing) may bring health, social and financial benefits that are important for motivating behaviour and policy change. Likewise, aligning environmental and social with economic objectives is vital for behaviour and organisational change within businesses. Our Research Themes recognise that transformative change requires: inspiring yet workable visions of the future (Theme 1); learning lessons from past and current societal shifts (Theme 2); experimenting with different models of social change (Theme 3); together with deep and sustained engagement with communities, business and governments, and a research culture that reflects our aims and promotes action (Theme 4). Our Centre integrates academic knowledge from disciplines across the social and physical sciences with practical insights to generate widespread impact. Our team includes world-leading researchers with expertise in climate change behaviour, choices and governance. We will use a range of theories and research methods to fill key gaps in our understanding of transformation at different spatial and social scales, and show how to target interventions to impactful actions, groups and moments in time. Participants for the Cardiff Travel Survey (Wave 1) were recruited through posts on social media, such as Facebook and Twitter. Invitations were posted on CAST, Cardiff University, and investigator accounts as well as local Facebook pages (e.g., Cardiff Students Postgraduate Network and neighbourhood-specific pages). The survey was hosted on the Qualtrics online survey platform and available in both English and Welsh.