Turkey TR: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data was reported at 16.241 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.533 Ratio for 2015. Turkey TR: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 27.424 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.393 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 16.241 Ratio in 2016. Turkey TR: Birth Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

Turkey TURKSTAT Forecast: VS: Crude Birth Rate: per Mille data was reported at 14.986 ‰ in 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15.184 ‰ for 2024. Turkey TURKSTAT Forecast: VS: Crude Birth Rate: per Mille data is updated yearly, averaging 18.015 ‰ from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2025, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.100 ‰ in 1990 and a record low of 14.986 ‰ in 2025. Turkey TURKSTAT Forecast: VS: Crude Birth Rate: per Mille data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.G004: Vital Statistics: Forecast: Turkish Statistical Institute.

Turkey Vital Statistics: per Mille: Crude Birth Rate data was reported at 16.075 ‰ in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.548 ‰ for 2016. Turkey Vital Statistics: per Mille: Crude Birth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 17.584 ‰ from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2017, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.300 ‰ in 2001 and a record low of 16.075 ‰ in 2017. Turkey Vital Statistics: per Mille: Crude Birth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.G003: Vital Statistics.

Turkey: The number of crude births per 1000 people, per year: The latest value from 2023 is 11.2 births per 1000 people, a decline from 12.2 births per 1000 people in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 17.86 births per 1000 people, based on data from 196 countries. Historically, the average for Turkey from 1960 to 2023 is 27.4 births per 1000 people. The minimum value, 11.2 births per 1000 people, was reached in 2023 while the maximum of 45.19 births per 1000 people was recorded in 1961.

Turkey TR: Death Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data was reported at 5.819 Ratio in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.814 Ratio for 2015. Turkey TR: Death Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 8.693 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.281 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 5.814 Ratio in 2015. Turkey TR: Death Rate: Crude: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

The average for 2022 based on 47 countries was 9.15 births per 1000 people. The highest value was in Turkey: 12.2 births per 1000 people and the lowest value was in Ukraine: 5.68 births per 1000 people. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Turkey TURKSTAT Forecast: VS: Crude Death Rate: per Mille data was reported at 5.665 ‰ in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.625 ‰ for 2024. Turkey TURKSTAT Forecast: VS: Crude Death Rate: per Mille data is updated yearly, averaging 5.662 ‰ from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2025, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.250 ‰ in 2000 and a record low of 5.340 ‰ in 2011. Turkey TURKSTAT Forecast: VS: Crude Death Rate: per Mille data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.G004: Vital Statistics: Forecast: Turkish Statistical Institute.

In 2022, Turkey had the highest rate of respiratory-related cancer deaths in the Middle East and North Africa at ** deaths per 100,000 people. This was nearly double that of Tunisia which had the second highest rate in the region. All countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council had a rate of respiratory cancer deaths below ****.

Data on causes of death (COD) provide information on mortality patterns and form a major element of public health information.

The COD data refer to the underlying cause which - according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) - is "the disease or injury which initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury".

The data are derived from the medical certificate of death, which is obligatory in the Member States. The information recorded in the death certificate is according to the rules specified by the WHO.

Data published in Eurostat's dissemination database are broken down by sex, 5-year age groups, cause of death and by residency and country of occurrence. For stillbirths and neonatal deaths additional breakdowns might include age of mother and parity.

Data are available for Member States, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Serbia, Turkey, North Macedonia and Albania. Regional data (NUTS level 2) are available for all of the countries having NUTS2 regions except Albania.

Annual national data are available in Eurostat's dissemination database in absolute number, crude death rates and standardised death rates. At regional level the same is provided in form of 3-years averages (the average of year, year -1 and year -2). Annual crude and standardised death rates are also available at NUTS2 level. Monthly national data are available for 21 EU Member States from reference year 2019 and in 24 Member States from reference year 2022 in absolute numbers and standardised death rates.

Bulgaria, with the help of the Russian Empire, achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878. In the decades before independence, Bulgaria's population had remained between 2.2 and 2.8 million people, and growth was much slower then the following century. Although most at the time assumed that it would become a Russian ally, Bulgaria defied the expectations and aligned itself with the western powers, and developed into a modern European state by the turn in the late 1800s. Bulgaria at war In the early twentieth century Bulgaria was involved in both World Wars, as well as two Balkan Wars. The Balkan states were unhappy with the borders assigned to them by the western powers, and instead wanted to re-draw them based on the dispersal of ethnic groups. This led to the first Balkan War in 1912, which saw Bulgaria fight alongside Greece and Serbia against the Ottomans. Bulgaria fought the second Balkan War on all sides, this time against Greece, Serbia, Romania and the Ottomans, as the dispute over borders continued. Bulgaria was defeated this time, and sustained heavy casualties, amassing in 58 thousand fatalities and over 100 thousand wounded in the two wars.

In the First World War, Bulgaria remained neutral at first, in order to recover from the previous wars, but then aligned itself with the Central powers in 1915, and played a vital role in maintaining their control in the Balkans. While Bulgaria was initially successful, its allies weakened as the war progressed, and then Bulgaria eventually succumbed to Allied forces and surrendered in 1918, with almost 200 thousand Bulgarians dying as a result of the war. The interwar years was a period of political and economic turmoil, and when control was re-established, Bulgaria was then able to maintain it's neutrality throughout most of the Second World War, (although there was some conflict and bombings in certain areas). Rise and fall of communism After the war, Bulgaria became a communist state, and life became harsh for the civil population there until the late 1950s when the standard of living rose again. In the late 1980s, like many Eastern European countries, Bulgaria experienced economic decline as the communist system began to collapse. Political failures also contributed to this, and approximately 300 thousand Bulgarian Turks migrated to Turkey, greatly weakening the agricultural economy. This trend of mass migration abroad continued after the fall of the iron curtain, as well as the rise of unemployment. Bulgaria reached it's peak population size in 1985 at 8.98 million inhabitants, but then the number decreases each year, and is expected to be 6.94 million in 2020. This drop in population size has been attributed to the economic collapse at the end of communism in Eastern Europe, causing many to leave the country in search of work elsewhere. Bulgaria also has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, with 8.7 births per 1,000 people per year (in 2018).