The USD/JPY exchange rate fell to 146.5600 on July 23, 2025, down 0.14% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Japanese Yen has weakened 1.12%, but it's up by 4.78% over the last 12 months. Japanese Yen - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Key information about Japan Exchange Rate against USD

• Japan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 137.053 (USD/JPY) in May 2023, compared with 133.475 USD/JPY in the previous month.
• Japan Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 360.000 in Dec 1970 and a record low of 76.643 in Oct 2011.

• In the latest reports, Japan Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: TIBOR: Japanese Yen: 3 Months was reported at 0.075 % pa in May 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Bonds Yield: Government Bonds: Newly Issued: 10 Years: Month End) was reported at 0.390 % pa in Apr 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Japan: Complementary Deposit Facility Interest Rate) was set at -0.100 % pa in May 2023.

Context

Real and up to date stock market exchange of cryptocurrencies can be quite expensive and are hard to get. However, historical financial data are the starting point to develop algorithm(s) to analyze market trend and why not beat the market by predicting market movement.

Content

Data provided in this dataset are historical data from the beginning of ETH-JPY pair market on Kraken exchange up to the present (2021 December). This data comes frome real trades on one of the most popular cryptocurrencies exchange.

Trading history

Historical market data, also known as trading history, time and sales or tick data, provides a detailed record of every trade that happens on Kraken exchange, and includes the following information: - Timestamp - The exact date and time of each trade. - Price - The price at which each trade occurred. - Volume - The amount of volume that was traded.

OHLCVT

In addition, OHLCVT data are provided for the most common period interval: 1 min, 5 min, 15 min, 1 hour, 12 hours and 1 day. OHLCVT stands for Open, High, Low, Close, Volume and Trades and represents the following trading information for each time period: - Open - The first traded price - High - The highest traded price - Low - The lowest traded price - Close - The final traded price - Volume - The total volume traded by all trades - Trades - The number of individual trades

Don't hesitate to tell me if you need other period interval 😉 ...

Update

This dataset will be updated every quarter to add new and up to date market trend. Let me know if you need an update more frequently.

Inspiration

Can you beat the market? Let see what you can do with these data!

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Key information about Japan Short Term Interest Rate

• Japan Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: TIBOR: Japanese Yen: 3 Months was reported at 0.79 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 0.77 % pa in the previous month.
• Japan Short Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1997 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.16 % pa in Dec 1997 and a record low of 0.05 % pa in Nov 2022.
• Short Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by JBA TIBOR Administration.

• In the latest reports, Japan Bonds Yield: Government Bonds: Newly Issued: 10 Years: Month End was reported at 1.24 % pa in Jan 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Japan: Complementary Deposit Facility Interest Rate) was set at -0.10 % pa in Jun 2023.
• Japan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 141.36 (USD/JPY) in Jun 2023.

The foreign exchange (Forex) market is a global decentralized market for the trading of currencies. It is the largest financial market in the world, with an average daily trading volume of over $5 trillion. The market size is expected to reach $84 million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 5.83% during the forecast period 2025-2033. Key drivers of the Forex market growth include increasing international trade, rising foreign direct investment, and growing demand for hedging and speculation. The market is also being driven by the increasing use of online trading platforms and the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies. The major players in the Forex market include Deutsche Bank, UBS, JP Morgan, State Street, XTX Markets, Jump Trading, Citi, Bank of New York Mellon, Bank America, and Goldman Sachs. The market is segmented by type (spot Forex, currency swap, outright forward, Forex swaps, Forex options, other types), counterparty (reporting dealers, other financial institutions, non-financial customers), and region (North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific). Recent developments include: In November 2023, JP Morgan revealed the introduction of novel FX Warrants denominated in Hong Kong dollars in the Hong Kong market, marking its status as the inaugural issuer in Asia to present FX Warrants featuring CNH/HKD (Chinese Renminbi traded outside Mainland China/Hong Kong dollar) and JPY/HKD (Japanese Yen/Hong Kong dollar) as underlying currency pairs. These fresh FX Warrants are set to commence trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange., In October 2023, Deutsche Bank AG finalized its purchase of Numis Corporation Plc. The integration of both brands under the name 'Deutsche Numis' underscores their collective influence and standing in the UK and global markets. 'Deutsche Numis' emerges as a prominent entity in UK investment banking and the preferred advisor for UK-listed companies. This acquisition aligns with Deutsche Bank's Global Hausbank strategy, aiming to become the primary partner for clients in financial services and fostering stronger relationships with corporations throughout the United Kingdom., In June 2023, UBS successfully finalized the acquisition of Credit Suisse, marking a significant achievement. Credit Suisse Group AG has merged into UBS Group AG, forming a unified banking entity.. Key drivers for this market are: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Potential restraints include: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Notable trends are: FX Swaps is leading the market.

This dataset contains news headlines relevant to key forex pairs: AUDUSD, EURCHF, EURUSD, GBPUSD, and USDJPY. The data was extracted from reputable platforms Forex Live and FXstreet over a period of 86 days, from January to May 2023. The dataset comprises 2,291 unique news headlines. Each headline includes an associated forex pair, timestamp, source, author, URL, and the corresponding article text. Data was collected using web scraping techniques executed via a custom service on a virtual machine. This service periodically retrieves the latest news for a specified forex pair (ticker) from each platform, parsing all available information. The collected data is then processed to extract details such as the article's timestamp, author, and URL. The URL is further used to retrieve the full text of each article. This data acquisition process repeats approximately every 15 minutes.

To ensure the reliability of the dataset, we manually annotated each headline for sentiment. Instead of solely focusing on the textual content, we ascertained sentiment based on the potential short-term impact of the headline on its corresponding forex pair. This method recognizes the currency market's acute sensitivity to economic news, which significantly influences many trading strategies. As such, this dataset could serve as an invaluable resource for fine-tuning sentiment analysis models in the financial realm.

We used three categories for annotation: 'positive', 'negative', and 'neutral', which correspond to bullish, bearish, and hold sentiments, respectively, for the forex pair linked to each headline. The following Table provides examples of annotated headlines along with brief explanations of the assigned sentiment.

Examples of Annotated Headlines


    Forex Pair
    Headline
    Sentiment
    Explanation




    GBPUSD 
    Diminishing bets for a move to 12400 
    Neutral
    Lack of strong sentiment in either direction


    GBPUSD 
    No reasons to dislike Cable in the very near term as long as the Dollar momentum remains soft 
    Positive
    Positive sentiment towards GBPUSD (Cable) in the near term


    GBPUSD 
    When are the UK jobs and how could they affect GBPUSD 
    Neutral
    Poses a question and does not express a clear sentiment


    JPYUSD
    Appropriate to continue monetary easing to achieve 2% inflation target with wage growth 
    Positive
    Monetary easing from Bank of Japan (BoJ) could lead to a weaker JPY in the short term due to increased money supply


    USDJPY
    Dollar rebounds despite US data. Yen gains amid lower yields 
    Neutral
    Since both the USD and JPY are gaining, the effects on the USDJPY forex pair might offset each other


    USDJPY
    USDJPY to reach 124 by Q4 as the likelihood of a BoJ policy shift should accelerate Yen gains 
    Negative
    USDJPY is expected to reach a lower value, with the USD losing value against the JPY


    AUDUSD

RBA Governor Lowe’s Testimony High inflation is damaging and corrosive

    Positive
    Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) expresses concerns about inflation. Typically, central banks combat high inflation with higher interest rates, which could strengthen AUD.

Moreover, the dataset includes two columns with the predicted sentiment class and score as predicted by the FinBERT model. Specifically, the FinBERT model outputs a set of probabilities for each sentiment class (positive, negative, and neutral), representing the model's confidence in associating the input headline with each sentiment category. These probabilities are used to determine the predicted class and a sentiment score for each headline. The sentiment score is computed by subtracting the negative class probability from the positive one.

Interactive historical chart showing the daily Euro - Japanese Yen (EURJPY) exchange rate back to 1999.

Key information about Japan Long Term Interest Rate

• Japan Bonds Yield: Government Bonds: Newly Issued: 10 Years: Month End was reported at 1.37 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 1.24 % pa in the previous month.
• Japan Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Dec 1998 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 2.10 % pa in Jan 1999 and a record low of -0.28 % pa in Aug 2019.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by Bank of Japan.

• In the latest reports, Japan Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: TIBOR: Japanese Yen: 3 Months was reported at 0.79 % pa in Feb 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Japan: Complementary Deposit Facility Interest Rate) was set at -0.10 % pa in Jun 2023.
• Japan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 141.36 (USD/JPY) in Jun 2023.

Exports in Japan increased to 9190.14 JPY Billion in February from 7865.19 JPY Billion in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Exports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Japan remained unchanged at 2.50 percent in May. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Japan recorded a trade surplus of 153.10 JPY Billion in June of 2025. This dataset provides - Japan Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Japan Fuel Cell Market Size and Share:

The Japan fuel cell market size was valued at USD 451.5 Million in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group estimates the market to reach USD 1,592.3 Million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 15.0% from 2025-2033. The market is primarily driven by the growing hydrogen infrastructure, increasing diversification of applications, including stationary power, industrial use, and logistics, and rising export-oriented strategies, leveraging technological leadership, global partnerships, and government-backed green hydrogen initiatives to enhance international competitiveness.

The Japan market is largely propelled by its ambitious goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, driving significant investment in hydrogen technologies. In accordance with this, supportive government policies, including the Basic Hydrogen Strategy and Green Growth Strategy, emphasize fuel cell integration through subsidies, tax benefits, and research funding. A notable example is the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry’s (METI) December 18, 2024, announcement of subsidies for Honda (JPY 14.7 Billion) and Toyota (JPY 11.2 Billion) to scale hydrogen fuel cell production, particularly for commercial trucks, as part of a broader JPY 170.8 Billion investment, targeting a JPY 4 Trillion hydrogen market by 2030 Additionally, post-Fukushima energy security concerns have highlighted the importance of decentralized, sustainable systems, strengthening demand for fuel cells in residential, industrial, and commercial applications.

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In addition to this, continual technological advancements in hydrogen production and storage are driving the Japan fuel cell market growth. Similarly, ongoing innovations in electrolyzers, hydrogen carriers, and renewable energy integration have made hydrogen production more efficient and cost-effective, accelerating fuel cell adoption across sectors. For instance, on December 18, 2024, Honda declared that it plans to establish a new plant in Tochigi Prefecture to produce 30,000 next-generation fuel cell systems annually by FY2028. This facility will target fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs), commercial vehicles, stationary power, and construction machinery, with Honda aiming for a 5% market share in FC-powered trucks by 2030 and 30% by 2040. Moreover, Japan's robust industrial base and collaborations between manufacturers and research institutions foster innovation in the market. Apart from this, partnerships in hydrogen infrastructure further strengthen Japan’s leadership in the global hydrogen economy.

Japan Fuel Cell Market Trends:

Expansion of Hydrogen Infrastructure

The market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing investments in hydrogen infrastructure as well as technology. The government is actively addressing adoption challenges for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and other hydrogen systems by planning 900 hydrogen refueling stations nationwide by 2030. These stations will serve passenger vehicles, commercial fleets, and public transportation, aligning with Japan’s shift toward a hydrogen-powered society. To illustrate, on April 13, 2024, Japan announced a JPY 17.3 Billion investment for a 4MW hydrogen fuel cell propulsion system for aviation by 2029 and JPY 4.1Billion for hydrogen-powered aircraft with 80+ seats by 2031. Both projects, part of the JPY 2 Trillion Green Innovation Fund, will expand the Japan fuel cell market share. Public-private partnerships and large-scale hydrogen supply chains further strengthen the foundation for diverse applications across sectors.

Heightened Focus on Export-Oriented Growth

The Japan market is increasingly emphasizing export-oriented growth, targeting major international markets like Europe, China, and North America. Leveraging its technological leadership, Japan is establishing a strong global presence, particularly in commercial vehicles and large-scale industrial systems. For example, on June 4, 2024, Hydrogen Europe, and the Japan Hydrogen Association (JH2A) signed an MoU at the EU-Japan Hydrogen Business Forum in Tokyo to advance hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, focusing on regulatory alignment, technology development, and trade. This collaboration highlights the Japan fuel cell market outlook, emphasizing its potential to lead in global hydrogen markets. Apart from this. favorable, government initiatives promoting green hydrogen are enhancing the export competitiveness in the market. As hydrogen economies grow worldwide, Japan’s advanced fuel cell innovations align with sustainability goals, positioning the nation as a key supplier and driving economic growth through international trade.

Diversification of Fuel Cell Applications

The rapid expansion in fuel cell applications highlights key Japan fuel cell market trends, showcasing their growing adoption beyond automotive use. Fuel cells are now integral to stationary power systems, industrial machinery, and portable devices. Notably, on October 21, 2024, Toyota introduced its portable hydrogen energy cartridge at Japan Mobility Show Bizweek, highlighting its potential to revolutionize clean transportation with user-friendly hydrogen technology. This innovation aligns with Toyota’s multi-pathway sustainability strategy, which supports diverse drivetrain options, including hydrogen fuel cells, battery-electric, and hybrid technologies. The presence of various residential programs boosts household energy efficiency, while industrial sectors utilize fuel cells for backup power and heat generation. Japan’s disaster-prone environment accelerates adoption for emergency preparedness, while high-capacity systems expand use in logistics and maritime sectors, emphasizing fuel cells’ flexibility and sustainability.

Japan Fuel Cell Industry Segmentation:

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the Japan fuel cell market, along with forecasts at the country and regional levels from 2025-2033. The market has been categorized based on type and application.

Analysis by Type:

• Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)
• Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
• Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC)
• Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC)
• Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC)
• Others

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are central to the growth of Japan's fuel cell market, driven by their versatility and focus on clean energy transitions. PEMFCs operate efficiently at low temperatures, making them ideal for applications in vehicles and residential energy systems. Japan’s government heavily invested in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and hydrogen refueling infrastructure to promote these cells, supported by subsidies and tax incentives. Additionally, PEMFC systems are increasingly integrated into the "Ene-Farm" project for household use, enhancing energy security and reducing carbon footprints. With advancements in catalyst technology and cost reductions, PEMFC adoption is expected to accelerate, catering to Japan's vision of a hydrogen society.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are gaining popularity in Japan on account of their high efficiency and fuel flexibility, allowing operation with hydrogen, natural gas, or biogas. They are particularly suited for stationary power generation, supporting Japan's energy transition goals by providing a stable and efficient alternative to fossil fuel-based power plants. SOFCs' ability to produce both electricity and heat enhances their appeal for industrial applications and combined heat and power (CHP) systems. As Japan seeks to strengthen its energy independence, investment in SOFC research and production has risen, driving domestic innovation, and encouraging adoption in large-scale commercial operations.

Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) contribute significantly to Japan's clean

The Asia Pacific office real estate market is experiencing robust growth, driven by rapid urbanization, expanding economies, and a burgeoning technology sector across key markets like China, Japan, India, and Australia. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 10% from 2019-2024 signifies significant investor interest and strong demand for office spaces. Factors such as increasing foreign direct investment, the rise of shared workspaces and flexible office solutions, and the ongoing demand from established corporations contribute to this positive outlook. While regulatory changes and economic fluctuations could pose potential restraints, the long-term forecast remains optimistic, predicting continued expansion through 2033. Strong growth is anticipated in countries experiencing rapid economic development and technological advancements, alongside established markets with robust infrastructure. The market segmentation reveals considerable activity in both production and consumption, with import and export analyses showcasing the interconnectedness of the regional market. Price trends suggest a generally upward trajectory, reflective of the strong demand and limited supply in key areas. Major players like Mitsubishi Estate Company, Cushman & Wakefield, and others are actively shaping the market landscape through developments and investment strategies. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of international and local players, each with unique strategies to cater to diverse market needs. The significant presence of multinational corporations in the region necessitates the provision of high-quality, modern office spaces that meet their operational requirements. Technological advancements are also influencing the design and functionality of office spaces, creating opportunities for specialized developers and service providers. The increasing adoption of sustainable building practices and smart office technologies further underscores the market's dynamic nature. While challenges such as geopolitical uncertainty and potential economic slowdowns exist, the long-term growth trajectory of the Asia Pacific office real estate market remains strong, supported by underlying fundamentals of economic development and population growth. Data suggests that the market's value is expected to continue its upward trend for the foreseeable future. Recent developments include: February 2022 - Real estate firm Hulic and Japan Excellent executed a purchase agreement to exchange trust beneficiary rights in the Shintomicho Building for JPY 3.1 billion (USD 25.4 million). Japan Excellent mostly invests in office buildings in Tokyo. Two phases will be involved in the transfer of the Trust Beneficiary Rights in the Shintomicho Building: the first phase will involve the transfer of 40% ownership for JPY 1,24 billion (USD 10.1 million), and the second phase will involve the transfer of the remaining 60% ownership for JPY 1.86 billion (USD 15.3 million)., July 2022 - Tech giant Google leased 1.3 million sq. ft of office space in Bengaluru, India, marking one of the largest office lease transactions in the country since the pandemic began.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing geriatric population, Growing cases of chronic disease among senior citizens. Potential restraints include: High cost of elderly care services, Lack of skilled staff. Notable trends are: Rise in Demand for Coworking Spaces.

Japan's main stock market index, the JP225, rose to 40790 points on July 23, 2025, gaining 2.55% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 5.15% and is up 4.18% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Japan. Japan Stock Market Index (JP225) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The global Foreign Exchange (FX) market, valued at $0.84 trillion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.83% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Increased globalization and cross-border trade necessitate frequent currency conversions, fueling demand for FX services. Technological advancements, particularly in algorithmic trading and high-frequency trading (HFT), are enhancing efficiency and speed in the market, attracting larger volumes. Furthermore, the growing adoption of fintech solutions and digital platforms for FX transactions is simplifying processes and making the market more accessible to a broader range of participants. The regulatory landscape, while evolving, continues to support a healthy and transparent market environment. Major players, including Deutsche Bank, UBS, JP Morgan, State Street, and others, are strategically investing in technological upgrades and expanding their service offerings to capitalize on this growth. However, the market faces certain challenges. Geopolitical instability and fluctuations in global economic conditions can create volatility, impacting trading volumes and investor confidence. Cybersecurity threats also pose a significant risk to the integrity and security of FX transactions, demanding robust risk management strategies from market participants. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for the FX market remains positive, fueled by persistent growth in global commerce and ongoing technological advancements. The market's segmentation, while not explicitly provided, likely includes segments based on transaction type (spot, forward, options), client type (corporate, institutional, retail), and geographic region. The continued rise of emerging markets will likely contribute significantly to the overall market expansion throughout the forecast period. Recent developments include: In November 2023, JP Morgan revealed the introduction of novel FX Warrants denominated in Hong Kong dollars in the Hong Kong market, marking its status as the inaugural issuer in Asia to present FX Warrants featuring CNH/HKD (Chinese Renminbi traded outside Mainland China/Hong Kong dollar) and JPY/HKD (Japanese Yen/Hong Kong dollar) as underlying currency pairs. These fresh FX Warrants are set to commence trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange., In October 2023, Deutsche Bank AG finalized its purchase of Numis Corporation Plc. The integration of both brands under the name 'Deutsche Numis' underscores their collective influence and standing in the UK and global markets. 'Deutsche Numis' emerges as a prominent entity in UK investment banking and the preferred advisor for UK-listed companies. This acquisition aligns with Deutsche Bank's Global Hausbank strategy, aiming to become the primary partner for clients in financial services and fostering stronger relationships with corporations throughout the United Kingdom., In June 2023, UBS successfully finalized the acquisition of Credit Suisse, marking a significant achievement. Credit Suisse Group AG has merged into UBS Group AG, forming a unified banking entity.. Key drivers for this market are: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Potential restraints include: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Notable trends are: FX Swaps is leading the market.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan stagnated 0 percent in the first quarter of 2025 over the previous quarter. This dataset provides - Japan GDP Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Japan JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data was reported at 15,130,639.000 JPY mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14,224,449.000 JPY mn for 2021. Japan JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 11,513,925.500 JPY mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,130,639.000 JPY mn in 2022 and a record low of 3,629,793.000 JPY mn in 1981. Japan JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.

Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.

Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.

GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan was worth 4026.21 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Japan represents 3.79 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides - Japan GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Consumer Confidence in Japan increased to 34.50 points in June from 32.80 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Japan Consumer Confidence - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.