The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.17 USD recorded at the end of June 27, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year. Establishment The euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of 19 countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita. Euro to USD Between 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

The EUR/USD exchange rate fell to 1.1599 on July 15, 2025, down 0.56% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 0.33%, and is up by 6.40% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

The US dollar index of February 2025 was higher than it was in 2024, although below the peak in late 2022. This reveals itself in a historical graphic on the past 50 years, measuring the relative strength of the U.S. dollar. This metric is different from other FX graphics that compare the U.S. dollar against other currencies. The history of the DXY Index The index shown here – often referred to with the code DXY, or USDX – measures the value of the U.S. dollar compared to a basket of six other foreign currencies. This basket includes the euro, the Swiss franc, the Japanese yen, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, and the Swedish króna. The index was created in 1973, after the arrival of the petrodollar and the dissolution of the Bretton Woods Agreement. Today, most of these currencies remain connected to the United States' largest trade partners. The relevance of the DXY Index The index focuses on trade and the strength of the U.S. dollar against specific currencies. It less on inflation or devaluation, which is measured in alternative metrics like the Big Mac Index. Indeed, as the methodology behind the DXY Index has only been updated once – when the euro arrived in 1999 – some argue this composition is not accurate to the current state of the world. The price development of the U.S. dollar affects many things, including commodity prices in general.

The USD to EUR exchange rate in 2022 roughly 30 percent higher than it was in 2012, revealing a very strong dollar against the euro. The value of 0.85 euros per dollar was noticeably higher than the 2016 peak of 0.95 euros per dollar, but still above the price before the Eurozone Crisis. This started in 2009 and was caused by difficulties of several European countries with repaying government debt. What does the exchange rate mean? At any single point, an exchange rate is simply a measure of the value of one currency in terms of another. However, when the exchange rate shifts, one currency gets “stronger” and the other “weaker”. This is particularly important in international trade. A strong currency makes imports cheaper, so one could expect the trade balance of a country with a strong currency to decrease. In such a way, a strong currency would hurt a country with a high trade surplus. Exchange rate investments There is a financial market built around currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange market, or forex market, has a daily turnover of trillions of dollars. This market is critical for international trade, but many investors simply use it to speculate.

One United States dollar was worth over ****** Indonesian rupiah in May 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

The USD/BRL exchange rate rose to 5.5893 on July 15, 2025, up 0.02% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Brazilian Real has weakened 1.77%, and is down by 3.02% over the last 12 months. Brazilian Real - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The official currency of Portugal is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Portugal - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Key information about Austria Exchange Rate against USD

• Austria Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.920 (USD/EUR) in May 2023, compared with 0.912 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Austria Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.889 in Dec 1970 and a record low of 0.635 in Jul 2008.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Austria joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 13.7603 ATS. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1999 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1971 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Austria Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Austria Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Austria: ECB Harmonised) was reported at 3.030 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.750 % pa in May 2023.

The USD/CNY exchange rate rose to 7.1850 on July 15, 2025, up 0.17% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Chinese Yuan has weakened 0.03%, but it's up by 1.43% over the last 12 months. Chinese Yuan - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The USD/RUB exchange rate fell to 78.0600 on July 15, 2025, down 0.05% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Russian Ruble has strengthened 0.72%, and is up by 11.69% over the last 12 months. Russian Ruble - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this article is to model a minute series of exchange rates for the EUR/USD pair using the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and ARIMA-GARCH methods and evaluate which one offers better forecasts for a five-minute horizon. Originality/value: Despite being a successful technique in other branches of science, the application of SSA in finance is quite new. Furthermore, exchange rate modeling is a complex problem, comprising statistical concepts and properties. However, despite the complexity, the analysis of this series is extremely important for several agents playing, directly or indirectly, a role in the economy and the financial market. Design/methodology/approach: Time series models were estimated using the ARIMA-GARCH and SSA techniques, taking into account three samples of the ask exchange rate (closing): uptrend, downtrend, and no well-defined trend. Findings: The forecasts carried out by the SSA were the ones closest to the original observations for the three cases. Regarding the quality measurements, SSA obtained the best results for both uptrend and downtrend samples; for the sample with no well-defined trend, the findings indicated that the ARIMA-GARCH technique attained better results. However, it was concluded that the SSA forecasts, regarding exchange rates during the studied period, are more appropriate than the ones obtained by the ARIMA-GARCH model, regardless of the market movement.

This table contains 45 series, with data for years 1950 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2016-01-05. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Type of currency (45 items: United States dollar; noon spot rate; average; Danish krone; noon spot rate; average; French franc; noon spot rate; average; Belgian franc; noon spot rate; average ...).

The euro and U.S. dollar made up more than ***** of 10 SWIFT payments worldwide in 2025, outperforming many other currencies. This is according to a monthly report meant to track the market share of China's yuan renminbi within the international bank transfer system SWIFT. Although China holds the largest forex reserves in the world, the yuan ranked as the ******-used currency in international payments. The figures concern customer-initiated and institutional payments and exclude trade. Discussions on the potential weakening role of the U.S. dollar especially touch world trade and forex. For example, the share of the USD in forex reserves declined visibly against the euro and Japanese yen in 2024. What sparked this de-dollarization trend, and will it continue? Trade sanctions and de-dollarization De-dollarization in 2024 is mentioned mostly alongside trade and the BRICS countries - an informal name given to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The combined GDP of BRICS is about ** percent of the world's economy. After the start of the Ukraine war and Russia received economic sanctions, the BRICS slowly evolved into a trading bloc. The group increasingly wanted its own currency to settle payments within the trade bloc, to avoid using the U.S. dollar. In August 2024, BRICS will gather in South Africa to discuss the creation of such a new joint currency. Additionally, ** countries - including Argentina, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen - expressed interest in joining the BRICS group. CBDC, or projects into a digital payment settlement A factor of future uncertainty for the U.S. dollar is how central bank digital currencies (CBDC) develop in emerging countries. Several projects exist between individual countries that specifically target cross-border interbank payments. A cooperation between Thailand and Hong Kong, Inthanon-Lionrock, ranks as the most advanced of these projects. CBDC does not require the U.S. dollar to function. Tangible such as commodities or gold can back them. The value of transactions processed with CBDC is to grow by ******* percent between 2024 and 2030.

Key information about Montenegro Exchange Rate against USD

• Montenegro Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.920 (USD/EUR) in May 2023, compared with 0.912 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Montenegro Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1999 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.173 in Oct 2000 and a record low of 0.635 in Jul 2008.

Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Montenegro adopted the Euro in 2002 unilaterally, thus complying with the ECB monetary policy mechanisms. Prior to that, the Deutsche Mark was the currency in circulation for all private and banking transactions.


Key information about Montenegro Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Montenegro Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.750 % pa in May 2023.

Six out of ten respondents in the EU Member States that have yet to adopt the euro think that the common currency has had a positive impact on those countries that already use it. A majority (53%) also believe that introducing the euro would have positive consequences for their own country and for them personally (56%). Overall, nearly six out of ten (58%) respondents are in favour of their country introducing the euro in their country. Around three in ten (29%) think that the euro should be introduced in their country as soon as possible. At least half of respondents feel informed about the euro (except in Romania), with more than eight in ten (83%) respondents, on average, saying that they have already used euro banknotes or coins.

Processed data

Processed data files for the Eurobarometer surveys are published in .xlsx format.

• Volume A "Countries/EU" The file contains frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of (weighted) replies for each country or territory and for (weighted) EU results.
• Volume AP "Trends" The file compares to previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each country or territory foreseen in Volume A and for (weighted) results.
• Volume AA "Groups of countries" The file contains (labelled) frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of (weighted) replies for groups of countries specified by the managing unit on the part of the EC.
• Volume AAP "Trends of groups of countries" The file contains shifts compared to the previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each groups of countries foreseen in Volume AA and for (weighted) results.
• Volume B "EU/socio-demographics" The file contains (labelled) frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies for the EU as a whole (weighted) and cross-tabulated by some 20 sociodemographic, socio-political or other variables, depending on the request from the managing unit on the part of the EC or the managing department of the other contracting authorities.
• Volume BP "Trends of EU/socio-demographics" The file contains shifts compared to the previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each country or territory foreseen in Volume B above)and for (weighted) results.
• Volume C "Country/socio-demographics" The file contains (labelled) weighted frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies for each country or territory surveyed separately and cross-tabulated by some 20 socio-demographic, socio-political or other variables (including a regional breakdown).

For SPSS files and questionnaires, please contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

Key information about Greece Exchange Rate against USD

• Greece Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.920 (USD/EUR) in May 2023, compared with 0.912 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Greece Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.173 in Oct 2000 and a record low of 0.082 in Nov 1973.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Greece joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 2001 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 340.75 GRD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 2001 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to April 1981 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Greece Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Greece Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Government Bond Yield: Average: 10 Years) was reported at 3.980 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.750 % pa in May 2023.

Key information about European Union Foreign Exchange Reserves

• European Union Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 297.5 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 298.7 USD bn in the previous month
• EU Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Dec 1999 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 319.1 USD bn in Jul 2021 and a record low of 165.4 USD bn in Mar 2006

CEIC converts monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves into USD. European Central Bank provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Further information about European Union Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, EU Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 1.3 Months of Import in Nov 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 16,118.6 USD bn YoY in Dec 2024.
• EU Domestic Credit reached 25,343.8 USD bn in Nov 2024, representing an increased of 0.7 % YoY.
• Household Debt of EU reached 44.4 % in Sep 2024, accounting for 44.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Of the EU members who had not yet introduced the Euro, Hungarians were the most positive about implementing it as a currency. A total of 72 percent of the respondents were of the opinion that introducing the Euro would have a positive effect. On the other hand, more than 40 percent of Bulgarians thought introducing the Euro would have negative consequences for the economy. In total, more than 60 percent of the respondents thought that introducing the Euro would have a positive consequence.

The official currency of Greece is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Greece - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.