Russia's military capabilities outnumbered those of Ukraine for most indicators as of 2025. For example, the number of aircraft at the disposal of the Russian Army was close to 4,300, while the Ukrainian Armed Forces possessed 324 aircraft. Russia's naval fleet was 4.7 times larger than Ukraine's. Moreover, Russia was one of the nine countries that possessed nuclear weapons. As of early 2024, Russia held the world's largest inventory of nuclear warheads. How many soldiers does Ukraine have? Ukraine's Army counted approximately 2.2 million military personnel as of 2025. Of them, 900,000 were active military staff. Furthermore, 1.2 million soldiers were part of the country's reserve forces. To compare, Russia had approximately 1.32 million active military personnel and two million of reserve military personnel. Russia's active soldier count was the fourth-largest worldwide, while Ukraine's ranked sixth. Ukraine's tank strength Ukraine's Armed Forces possessed over 1,100 tanks as of 2025, which was more than five times less than Russia's. To support Ukraine during the Russian invasion, several Western countries made commitments to deliver tanks to Ukraine, including Leopard 2, Challenger 2, and M1 Abrams. Furthermore, Ukraine received other types of armored vehicles from Western countries, such as M133 armored personnel carriers from the United States and Mastiff (6x6) protected patrol vehicles from the United Kingdom.

As of 2025,the combined forces of NATO had approximately 3.44 million active military personnel, compared with 1.32 million active military personnel in the Russian military. The collective military capabilities of the 32 countries that make up NATO outnumber Russia in terms of aircraft, at 22,377 to 4,957, and in naval power, with 1,143 military ships, to 419. In terms of ground combat vehicles, NATO had an estimated 11,495 main battle tanks, to Russia's 5,750. The combined nuclear arsenal of the United States, United Kingdom, and France amounted to 5,559 nuclear warheads, compared with Russia's 5,580. NATO military spending In 2024, the combined military expenditure of NATO states amounted to approximately 1.47 trillion U.S. dollars, with the United States responsible for the majority of this spending, as the U.S. military budget amounted to 967.7 billion dollars that year. The current U.S. President, Donald Trump has frequently taken aim at other NATO allies for not spending as much on defense as America. NATO member states are expected to spend at least two percent of their GDP on defense, although the U.S. has recently pushed for an even higher target. As of 2024, the U.S. spent around 3.38 percent of its GDP on defense, the third-highest in the alliance, with Estonia just ahead on 3.43 percent, and Poland spending the highest share at 4.12 percent. US aid to Ukraine The pause in aid to Ukraine from the United States at the start of March 2025 marks a significant policy change from Ukraine's most powerful ally. Throughout the War in Ukraine, military aid from America has been crucial to the Ukrainian cause. In Trump's first term in office, America sent a high number of anti-tank Javelins, with this aid scaling up to more advanced equipment after Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022. The donation of around 40 HIMARs rocket-artillery system, for example, has proven to be one of Ukraine's most effective offensive weapons against Russia. Defensive systems such as advanced Patriot air defense units have also helped protect Ukraine from aerial assaults. Although European countries have also provided significant aid, it is unclear if they will be able to fill the hole left by America should the pause in aid goes on indefinitely.

CURATING DATASETS IS TIME CONSUMING AND DIFFICULT, SO IF YOU FIND THE CONTENT USEFUL, PLEASE LEAVE AN UPVOTE! THANK YOU! 🙏

This is what real world data looks like! It is often messy, complicated, and leaves you wondering what you can even do with it. That is the fun and difficulty of data science. You have information, but what can you do with it? Should you try to use machine learning? Should you use statistics? That is for you to find out! 😄

About the Dataset

This dataset contains information regarding the ongoing Ukrainian and Russian conflict data dating back to 2014. There are two CSV files in this dataset. One contains data from 2014 to 2021, the other contains data from 2018 to 2023. Use your data science skills to better understand a conflict that is happening in real time! This is an excellent project for those looking to better understand global events or who are looking to work on a dataset with greater implications and a larger impact than a cat vs. dog classifier. 👍

I will be contributing to this dataset as new data becomes available, so stay tuned!

About the Conflict

The Ukraine-Russia conflict began in 2014 when Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine, but the history of these two nations goes back much further than 2014. Since then, pro-Russian separatists have been fighting Ukrainian government forces in the Donbas region of Eastern Ukraine. The conflict has resulted in thousands of deaths and the displacement of over 1.5 million people.

In 2022, the conflict escalated again, with Russia mobilizing its military near the Ukrainian border and launching a large-scale invasion in February. Ukrainian forces have been engaged in heavy fighting with Russian troops and separatist militias, resulting in a humanitarian crisis and significant civilian casualties.

The international community has condemned Russia's actions and imposed economic sanctions on the country. Diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, including negotiations and ceasefires, have not been successful so far. The conflict remains ongoing and the situation is highly volatile.

This dataset is a subset of the larger (🌇Sunset) 🇺🇦 Ukraine Conflict Twitter Dataset, available on Kaggle, focusing specifically on tweets related to the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia.

Data Source: The data was originally collected from the Twitter API by Creator. The dataset contains tweets spanning a significant timeframe, capturing public sentiment, news updates, and discussions related to the conflict between Ukraine and Russia.

File Size and Format: Given the extensive size of the original dataset (approximately 48GB), we've extracted and curated a smaller subset of approximately 4GB, focusing specifically on tweets relevant to the Ukraine conflict. The files have been renamed for ease of access and loading, making them more manageable for analysis and exploration.

Usage: Researchers, data scientists, and analysts interested in studying the discourse surrounding the Ukraine-Russia conflict, social media sentiment analysis, or geopolitical dynamics may find this dataset particularly valuable. It can be used for tasks such as sentiment analysis, topic modeling, trend analysis, and understanding public perceptions and reactions to unfolding events.

Disclaimer: While efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the data, users are encouraged to exercise caution and verify the information as Twitter data can be subject to biases, noise, and misinformation. Additionally, please adhere to Twitter's terms of service and guidelines when using this dataset for research or analysis purposes.

As of 2025, the total number of aircraft of Russia outnumbered that of the Air Forces of Ukraine by more than 13 times. The number of Russian fighter aircraft amounted to 833, whereas Ukraine had 70 fighter aircraft.

Pro-Kremlin disinformation campaigns have long targeted Ukraine. We investigate susceptibility to this pro-Kremlin disinformation from a cognitive science perspective. Is greater analytic thinking associated with less belief in disinformation, as per classical theories of reasoning? Or does analytic thinking amplify motivated system 2 reasoning (or “cultural cognition”), such that analytic thinking is associated with more polarized beliefs (and thus more belief in pro-Kremlin disinformation among pro-Russia Ukrainians)? In online (N=1,974) and face-to-face representative (N=9,474) samples of Ukrainians, we find support for the classical reasoning account. Analytic thinking, as measured using the Cognitive Reflection Test, was associated with greater ability to discern truth from disinformation – even for Ukrainians who are strongly oriented towards Russia. We find similar, albeit weaker, results when operationalizing analytic thinking using the self-report Active Open-minded Thinking scale. These results demonstrate a similar pattern to prior work using American participants. Thus, the positive association between analytic thinking and the ability to discern truth versus falsehood generalizes to the qualitatively different information environment of post-communist Ukraine. Despite low trust in government and media, weak journalistic standards, and years of exposure to Russian disinformation, Ukrainians who engage in more analytic thinking are better able to tell truth from falsehood.

The collection "Protests Ukraine 2013 – 2014: Video Database" is part of a larger and ongoing collection of videos on protest events in the post-Soviet region. It contains a database describing 763 videos (mp4) of protests in late 2013 and 2014 (mainly Kyiv area) triggered by the governmental denial to sign the association agreement with the EU. We compiled the material in 2016 and 2017. All data is processed in an MS Excel database with metadata. For this kind of collections on protest events we take into account all videos that 1) are event related AND show actions of this event, 2) are fully accessible, 3) we can find with our search words during a particular period. We strictly aim at a systematic and unbiased selection and organized processing of protest-related videos. We identify particular event-related search words or phrases after intense research on the event. According to the snowball principle, we then start the search of videos and try to describe as much relevant content as possible. However, we cannot guarantee the completeness of protest videos on the particular event. We search the videos and include them into the collection until a particular degree of saturation has been reached. The videos have been posted mainly by the participants of the events. Therefore, the material is only an extract and biased by the perspective of the single creator. Due to data privacy regulations and copyright restrictions, we are only allowed to give access to the database of the collected video files including the hyperlinks with its metadata and not to the videos themselves. YouTube's user guidelines do not allow us to store copies of the video collection described above.

From January 24, 2022, to June 30, 2025, the European Union (EU) institutions, such as the Commission and the EU Council, provided around 63.2 billion euros in bilateral financial, humanitarian, and military aid to Ukraine in view of the Russian invasion that started in February 2022. The highest value of allocations was recorded from the United States at over 114 billion euros. U.S. aid to Ukraine As of June 30, 2025, the value of U.S. bilateral aid allocations to Ukraine represented 0.53 percent of 2021 donor GDP. The U.S. donated the largest amount of bilateral military, financial, and humanitarian aid to Ukraine. Generally, U.S. foreign aid to Ukraine has increased since 2015. Where does military aid to Ukraine come from? The U.S., Germany, the United Kingdom (UK), and Denmark were the largest suppliers of military aid to Ukraine. In monetary terms, the U.S. bilateral military assistance to the country reached approximately 64.6 billion euros as of June 30, 2025. As part of that aid, the U.S. transported over 7,700 air defense missiles and over 1,600 air defense systems to Ukraine and other European partners. Furthermore, the U.S. delivered the most units of M777 howitzer artillery to the country.

The gap between the number of women and men in Russia was measured at approximately **** million as of January 1, 2024, with the female population of the country historically outnumbering the male population. Both genders saw a decrease in inhabitants compared to the previous year. Why are there more women than men in Russia? One of the factors explaining gender imbalance in modern Russia is the gap in average life expectancy between the genders. In 2022, Russian women outlived men by around ** years. In particular, working-age men were *** times more likely to die from external causes of death, such as accidents and suicides, compared to working-age women in that year. Furthermore, partial mobilization announced as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war resulted in a mass exodus of young men fleeing from conscription. In response to the government’s call to recruit up to 300,000 reservists in end-September 2022, Google search interest in the term "How to leave Russia" increased sharply. Gender imbalance and its consequences for Russia In Russia, the labor market remains highly segregated by gender. Manual jobs in equipment operation, metal industry, manufacturing, and mechanics are male dominated. The labor shortage in these spheres could limit the country’s potential for increased industrial production. Furthermore, fewer men exacerbate the issue of falling births in Russia. In 2023, only **** million births were recorded nationwide, the lowest over the past decade. Coupled with a decreasing number of working-age men, such a decline in live births could lead to less innovation, a larger share of retired people, and rising government expenditure on pensions and healthcare.

Kyiv is the largest city of Ukraine, with approximately 2.95 million inhabitants as of January 1, 2022. Kharkiv had the second-largest population of around 1.42 million, followed by Odesa and Dnipro. Economic situation in Ukraine Ukraine has a population of around 42 million inhabitants - close to 70 percent of which live in urban areas, with almost three million living in Ukraine’s largest city and capital, Kyiv. The city is located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River and is one of the largest in Europe. The country’s second-largest city, Kharkiv, is about half of Kyiv's size and located in the northeast. Kharkiv was the first city to be occupied by the Soviet Union in 1917 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since the collapse, Ukraine has been largely divided between east and west. Many inhabitants speak Ukrainian to the west, whereas Russian is dominant in parts of the east and south. Like Kharkiv, many of Ukraine’s other biggest cities which have fewer than one million inhabitants are located to the east of the country – a region which has uprooted and displaced many of its inhabitants because of the military actions that started in 2014. In 2015, Ukrainians across the country were affected by a huge spike in inflation, which reached near 49 percent. In the following years, it marked a decrease, measuring below three percent in 2020. The country’s GDP has also been significantly impacted by the crisis, which has left approximately 1.5 million Ukrainians internally displaced since 2014, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The unemployment rate was above nine percent in 2020.

In all age groups until 29 years old, there were more men than women in Russia as of January 1, 2024. After that age, the female population outnumbered the male population in each category. The most represented age group in the country was from 35 to 39 years old, with approximately *** million women and *** million men. Male-to-female ratio in Russia The number of men in Russia was historically lower than the number of women, which was a result of population losses during World War I and World War II. In 1950, in the age category from 25 to 29 years, ** men were recorded per 100 women in the Soviet Union. In today’s Russia, the female-to-male ratio in the same age group reached *** women per 1,000 men. Russia has the highest life expectancy gender gap The World Health Organization estimated the average life expectancy of women across the world at over five years longer than men. In Russia, this gap between genders exceeded 10 years. According to the study “Burden of disease in Russia, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” Russia had the highest gender difference in life expectancy worldwide.

Ukraine's military expenditure decreased by 0.3 percent between 2023 and 2024, having reached 64.7 billion current U.S. dollars. In 2022, when the Russian invasion of Ukraine began, Ukraine increased its defense budget significantly to over 41 billion current U.S. dollars and became one of the countries with the highest military expenditure worldwide. Furthermore, Ukraine was the country with the most significant increase in defense spending over the past decade. Key figures on the Ukrainian Army The number of active military personnel in Ukraine reached 900,000 as of May 2025. Active soldiers exclude reservists and paramilitary personnel. Moreover, Ukraine has one of the most powerful militaries in Europe as per PowerIndex score, which considers military might, financials, as well as logistics and geography. How much of its GDP does Ukraine on defense?
Ukraine’s military spending accounted for over one-third of its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2024. This share was considerably larger than in 2021, when it stood at 3.4 percent. The country’s ratio of defense expenditure to GDP has been saw a decline in 2024.

How many soldiers does Russia have? The Russian Armed Forces had 3.57 million troops as of 2025, with 37 percent of them, or 1.32 million, being active military personnel. Two million were reserve service members, and 250,000 were paramilitary forces. The number of people in the Russian military was increased twice after the invasion of Ukraine; the respective presidential decrees came into force in January and December 2023. Largest armies worldwide The Russian Army had the fourth-largest available active military manpower in 2025, having shared that rank with North Korea. The militaries of China, India, and the United States had more active soldiers. In terms of defense spending, Russia ranked third after the U.S. and China. Military personnel of Ukraine and NATO Russia’s active troops outnumbered Ukraine’s by 420,000 as of 2025. Furthermore, reserve and paramilitary forces of Russia were higher. When comparing Russia’s active military personnel to that of the countries in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), it was roughly 2.6 times smaller. In total, NATO members were estimated to over 3.4 million troops, including active, reserve, and paramilitary units. The U.S., Turkey, and Poland have the largest armies in NATO.

For North Macedonia, Moldova, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Russia was the only source of natural gas supply in 2019. Another European country highly dependent on Russian gas was Latvia, where it occupied over ** percent of the total in 2021. In Estonia, the portion of natural gas from Russia was significantly lower, measured at ** percent. Russia accounted for over ** percent of all extra-EU gas imports in 2021. How much natural gas does Russia export? Russia is the leading exporter of natural gas worldwide, far outpacing the exports of that commodity by the United States, Qatar, and Norway. In 2021, the country exported ***** billion cubic meters of gas via pipelines and **** billion cubic meters of liquified natural gas (LNG). The exports increased continuously between 2014 and 2019, while the year 2020 saw a ****-percent decline in the volume as a result of a lower fuel demand during imposed lockdowns and slower economic activity due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Russian gas exports during the war in Ukraine Exports of Russian gas to Europe were severely affected by the invasion of Ukraine which began in February 2022. In response to the war, European countries sought to reduce their reliance on Russian gas. Between January 1 and July 15, 2022, the Russian company Gazprom exported over ** percent less gas to the far abroad compared to the same period of the previous year. Furthermore, Germany announced the suspension of the certification process for Nord Stream 2, while Russia shut down all gas supplies via Nord Stream 1 in September 2022, before leaks were detected on both pipelines. Gas exports from Russia to India and China also did not increase in monetary terms in July and August 2022 in comparison to February and March 2022.