In 1990, the unemployment rate of the United States stood at 5.6 percent. Since then there have been many significant fluctuations to this number - the 2008 financial crisis left millions of people without work, as did the COVID-19 pandemic. By the end of 2022 and throughout 2023, the unemployment rate came to 3.6 percent, the lowest rate seen for decades. However, 2024 saw an increase up to four percent. For monthly updates on unemployment in the United States visit either the monthly national unemployment rate here, or the monthly state unemployment rate here. Both are seasonally adjusted. UnemploymentUnemployment is defined as a situation when an employed person is laid off, fired or quits his work and is still actively looking for a job. Unemployment can be found even in the healthiest economies, and many economists consider an unemployment rate at or below five percent to mean there is 'full employment' within an economy. If former employed persons go back to school or leave the job to take care of children they are no longer part of the active labor force and therefore not counted among the unemployed. Unemployment can also be the effect of events that are not part of the normal dynamics of an economy. Layoffs can be the result of technological progress, for example when robots replace workers in automobile production. Sometimes unemployment is caused by job outsourcing, due to the fact that employers often search for cheap labor around the globe and not only domestically. In 2022, the tech sector in the U.S. experienced significant lay-offs amid growing economic uncertainty. In the fourth quarter of 2022, more than 70,000 workers were laid off, despite low unemployment nationwide. The unemployment rate in the United States varies from state to state. In 2021, California had the highest number of unemployed persons with 1.38 million out of work.

Unemployment Rate in China decreased to 5.10 percent in October from 5.20 percent in September of 2025. This dataset provides - China Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Regional unemployment rates used by the Employment Insurance program, by effective date, current month.

Unemployment Rate in South Africa decreased to 31.90 percent in the third quarter of 2025 from 33.20 percent in the second quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - South Africa Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, the rate of surveyed unemployment in urban areas of China amounted to approximately 5.1 percent. The unemployment rate is expected to remain at 5.1 percent in 2025 and the following years. Monthly unemployment ranged at a level of around 5.2 percent in the third quarter of 2025. Unemployment rate in China In 2017, the National Statistics Bureau of China introduced surveyed unemployment as a new indicator of unemployment in the country. It is based on monthly surveys among the labor force in urban areas of China. Surveyed unemployment replaced registered unemployment figures, which were often criticized for missing out large parts of the urban labor force and thereby not presenting a true picture of urban unemployment levels. However, current unemployment figures still do not include rural areas.A main concern in China’s current state of employment lies within the large regional differences. As of 2021, the unemployment rate in northeastern regions of China was notably higher than in China’s southern parts. In Beijing, China’s political and cultural center, registered unemployment ranged at around 3.2 percent for 2021. Indicators of economic activities Apart from the unemployment rate, most commonly used indicators to measure economic activities of a country are GDP growth and inflation rate. According to an IMF forecast, GDP growth in China will decrease to about four percent in 2025, after five percent in 2023, depicting a decrease of more than six percentage points from 10.6 percent in 2010. Quarterly growth data published by the National Bureau of Statistics indicated 5.4 percent GDP growth for the first quarter of 2025.

Unemployment Rate in Mexico decreased to 2.60 percent in October from 3 percent in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Mexico Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Between 2019 and 2020, the number of unemployed people worldwide increased from 197.47 million to 231.06 million, the biggest annual increase in unemployment in this provided time period. In 2024, the number of people unemployed decreased down to 185.97 million.

Unemployment Rate in Philippines decreased to 3.80 percent in September from 3.90 percent in August of 2025. This dataset provides - Philippines Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In the three months to October 2025, there were approximately 723,000 job vacancies in the UK, down from 722,000 in September 2025, and the period with the fewest number of job vacancies since April 2021. The number of job vacancies in the United Kingdom reached a record high of 1.3 million in the three months to May 2022, with the number of vacancies steadily falling since then. During the provided time period, the number of job vacancies fell to its lowest levels in the months leading to June 2020, at just 328,000, at the height of COVID-19 restrictions. Tight labor market beginning to loosen After weathering the economic storm of COVID-19, the UK labor market was reasonably healthy between 2021 and 2024. An economic trend dubbed "The Great Resignation" saw the UK record 446,000 resignations in the second quarter of 2022, with many likely encouraged by the strong labor market at the time. Since that point, however, the UK unemployment rate has steadily crept up, reaching a post-pandemic high of five percent in September 2025. Which industries are experiencing staff shortages? The percentage of businesses reporting a staff shortage in the UK reached 15.7 percent in September 2022, before falling to just 7.5 percent as of October 2025, another indication of a loosening labor market. According to data from that month, approximately 18 percent of businesses in the education sector had a shortage of staff, the highest of any industry. Education was followed by accommodation and food services, with 13.6 percent of businesses in this sector reporting a staff shortage.

The Saxonian longitudinal study is a social science longitudinal study. It was begun in 1987 and examines the change in political attitudes of young adults in the new federal states of the former East Germany. Since the 16th wave (2002), the topic of unemployment and health has been intensively studied. Another new focus is on questions of partnership and personality. The present study was conducted in 2017 and represents the 30th wave.
The Saxonian longitudinal study is a longitudinal study in the social sciences. It was begun in 1987 and surveys the change in political attitudes of young adults in the new federal states of the former East Germany over the unification of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany. Since the 16th wave (2002), the subject of unemployment and health has been intensively surveyed. Another new focus is on questions of partnership and personality.

Topics: 1. Politics and life goals: satisfaction with the current life situation; opinion on the unification of GDR and FRG; more divisive vs. more commonalities between East and West Germans; estimated number of years until East/West convergence; estimated number of years until East and West Germans have grown together to form a proper community; personal significance of selected life goals (fulfilling work, independent and self-reliant life, happy married and family life, bringing up one´s own children, self-realisation, not entering into firm ties, earning a lot of money, living according to Christian values); feeling threatened by possible (renewed) unemployment or partner), personal distress, increasing cost of living, deteriorating health, poverty in old age, increasing immigration of foreigners, expansion of international terrorism, military adventures of the USA, spread of left-wing and right-wing radicalism and increase in crime; satisfaction with the political system in the Federal Republic of Germany; satisfaction with the current economic order; satisfaction with democracy; confidence in the future for the respondent personally, for their own (future) children and for developments in East Germany; left-right self-assessment; party preference (Sunday question); assessment of life in the GDR; evaluation of the social development in East Germany as progress or regression; socialism as a good idea that has been poorly implemented so far; advocacy of the aims of the Patriotic Europeans against the Islamisation of the Occident (PEGIDA, LEGIDA); many West Germans treat East Germans as second-class Germans; in the current social system everyone gets their share; secure future in East Germany; happy to have experienced the GDR; attitudes towards foreigners in general; political interest; national pride; evaluation of personal experiences with the new social system; identity as a German, a Saxon, a European, a citizen of the former GDR, a citizen of the Federal Republic, an East German, a winner resp. as a loser of German unification; advantages and disadvantages of the two systems (open); self-assessment of class affiliation; personal life path in recent years as social advancement, social decline or without major changes; expectations of future life path; attitudes to life (general personal trust, you can no longer rely on anyone, better be careful when dealing with strangers before you trust them).

1. Unemployment: own unemployment since the reunification; frequency of unemployment overall; total duration of unemployment since the reunification in months; unemployment since December 2016 (number of months); unemployment of the partner and parents since the reunification; job security; job worries; Attitude towards unemployment (makes people afraid of the future, takes away their self-confidence, makes them ill, typical feature of the current social system, means loss of individual freedoms, violates respect for human dignity, makes people depressed, over time one can get used to unemployment, those who are really looking for work will find some, makes people poor, takes away joy of life, makes people doubt the social system); perceived burden of unemployment; resources for coping with unemployment and coping strategy (open); general conviction of being able to cope with unemployment.

2. Health: in relation to the reference period of the last 12 months: number of days with a feeling of illness; number of days with a cold; number of days on which the respondent went to work despite feeling ill; number of days with sick leave despite being able to work; total number of days with sick leave or incapacity to work; number of nights in hospital inpatient treatment; use of family doctor/general practitioner, psychotherapist and specialist; frequency of use; need for specialist advice due to psychological or social problems; depression tendencies (dejection, meaninglessness of life, helplessness and fear of the future); frequency of selected complaints (nervousness, stomach problems, insomnia, heart...

Technology companies worldwide saw a significant reduction in their workforce in 2025. One of the most recent tech layoffs was by Amazon on October 27, 2025, with ****** employees being laid off. Layoffs impacting all global tech giants Layoffs in the global market escalated dramatically in the first quarter of 2023, when the sector saw a staggering record high of ******* employees losing their jobs. Major tech giants such as Google, Microsoft, Meta, and IBM all contributed to this figure during this quarter. Amazon, in particular, conducted the most rounds of layoffs with the highest number of employees laid off among global tech giants. Industries most affected include the consumer, hardware, food, and healthcare sectors. Notable companies that have laid off a significant number of staff include Flink, Booking.com, Uber, PayPal, LinkedIn, and Peloton, among others. Overhiring led the trend, but will AI keep it going? Layoffs in the technology sector started following an overhiring spree during the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, companies expanded their workforce to meet increased demand for digital services during lockdowns. However, as lockdowns ended, economic uncertainties persisted and companies reevaluated their strategies, layoffs became inevitable, resulting in a record number of ******* laid-off employees in the global tech sector by the end of 2022. Moreover, it is still unclear how advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) will impact layoff trends in the tech sector. AI-driven automation can replace manual tasks, leading to workforce redundancies. Whether through chatbots handling customer inquiries or predictive algorithms optimizing supply chains, the pursuit of efficiency and cost savings may result in more tech industry layoffs in the future.

In case prices for goods and services go up significantly in 2023, over ** percent of consumers around the world said they would shop less in general and cut down on spending as a response. A fifth of survey respondents said they would look for and purchase cheaper and better value products. Less than **** percent of those surveyed worldwide believed inflation would be unlikely to impact their habits. What does inflation look like? The world entered a new inflation crisis in 2021, driven by a confluence of factors including the COVID-19 pandemic which restricted global supply chains, and the Russian-Ukraine war which exacerbated food and energy shortages. In 2022, global inflation hit **** percent, the highest annual increase in decades. The rate of inflation is estimated to remain high in the near future, at around *** percent in 2023 and *** percent in 2024. Inflation dominated the list of most important problems facing the world according to a survey conducted in October 2023 – leading ahead of poverty and social inequality, crime and violence, and unemployment. In a global consumer trends survey, the majority of respondents said that inflation impacted them completely or a lot – for instance, ***** in ** respondents in the United States admitted they had been seriously impacted. Inflation’s impact on the holidays The end-of-year holiday season is typically regarded as a period of increased retail spending, driven by a series of major shopping events such as Black Friday and Cyber Monday, as well as the public holidays Thanksgiving and Christmas. However, inflation has put a damper on the holiday cheer, with consumers expressing their intentions to cut back spending amid the cost-of-living crisis. In 2022, a significant share of consumers in Europe said they planned to cut at least some related expenses. In fact, ** percent of respondents in the United Kingdom planned to cut all expenses related to Black Friday and Christmas.

Gender demographics showing women securing 47.6% of leading roles in 2024, up from 32.1% in 2023

The statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in India from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, India's real gross domestic product growth was at about 6.46 percent compared to the previous year. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in India Recent years have witnessed a shift of economic power and attention to the strengthening economies of the BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The growth rate of gross domestic product in the BRIC countries is overwhelmingly larger than in traditionally strong economies, such as the United States and Germany. While the United States can claim the title of the largest economy in the world by almost any measure, China nabs the second-largest share of global GDP, with India racing Japan for third-largest position. Despite the world-wide recession in 2008 and 2009, India still managed to record impressive GDP growth rates, especially when most of the world recorded negative growth in at least one of those years. Part of the reason for India’s success is the economic liberalization that started in 1991and encouraged trade subsequently ending some public monopolies. GDP growth has slowed in recent years, due in part to skyrocketing inflation. India’s workforce is expanding in the industry and services sectors, growing partially because of international outsourcing — a profitable venture for the Indian economy. The agriculture sector in India is still a global power, producing more wheat or tea than anyone in the world except for China. However, with the mechanization of a lot of processes and the rapidly growing population, India’s unemployment rate remains relatively high.

As of 2023, South Africa's population increased and counted approximately 62.3 million inhabitants in total, of which the majority inhabited Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Western-Eastern Cape. Gauteng (includes Johannesburg) is the smallest province in South Africa, though highly urbanized with a population of over 16 million people according to the estimates. Cape Town, on the other hand, is the largest city in South Africa with nearly 3.43 million inhabitants in the same year, whereas Durban counted 3.12 million citizens. However, looking at cities including municipalities, Johannesburg ranks first. High rate of young population South Africa has a substantial population of young people. In 2024, approximately 34.3 percent of the people were aged 19 years or younger. Those aged 60 or older, on the other hand, made-up over 10 percent of the total population. Distributing South African citizens by marital status, approximately half of the males and females were classified as single in 2021. Furthermore, 29.1 percent of the men were registered as married, whereas nearly 27 percent of the women walked down the aisle. Youth unemployment Youth unemployment fluctuated heavily between 2003 and 2022. In 2003, the unemployment rate stood at 36 percent, followed by a significant increase to 45.5 percent in 2010. However, it fluctuated again and as of 2022, over 51 percent of the youth were registered as unemployed. Furthermore, based on a survey conducted on the worries of South Africans, some 64 percent reported being worried about employment and the job market situation.

In the third quarter of 2025, there were around ******* redundancies made in the United Kingdom, compared with ******* in the previous quarter. During this time period, the highest number of redundancies occurred in the fourth quarter of 2020, when there were approximately ******* redundancies.