In 2023, the official reserve assets of the United States held in gold had a value of approximately 543.5 billion U.S. dollars. In 2000, the Federal Reserve had official reserve assets in gold worth about 71.8 billion U.S. dollars.

Graph and download economic data for Collateralization of Currency: Holdings Against Federal Reserve Notes: Collateral Held Against Federal Reserve Notes: Gold Certificate Account: Wednesday Level (RESPPNGNWW) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-07-09 about certificate account, collateral, notes, gold, reserves, currency, federal, and USA.

Gold Reserves in the United States remained unchanged at 8133.46 Tonnes in the first quarter of 2025 from 8133.46 Tonnes in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - United States Gold Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The euro and U.S. dollar made up more than ***** of 10 SWIFT payments worldwide in 2025, outperforming many other currencies. This is according to a monthly report meant to track the market share of China's yuan renminbi within the international bank transfer system SWIFT. Although China holds the largest forex reserves in the world, the yuan ranked as the ******-used currency in international payments. The figures concern customer-initiated and institutional payments and exclude trade. Discussions on the potential weakening role of the U.S. dollar especially touch world trade and forex. For example, the share of the USD in forex reserves declined visibly against the euro and Japanese yen in 2024. What sparked this de-dollarization trend, and will it continue? Trade sanctions and de-dollarization De-dollarization in 2024 is mentioned mostly alongside trade and the BRICS countries - an informal name given to Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The combined GDP of BRICS is about ** percent of the world's economy. After the start of the Ukraine war and Russia received economic sanctions, the BRICS slowly evolved into a trading bloc. The group increasingly wanted its own currency to settle payments within the trade bloc, to avoid using the U.S. dollar. In August 2024, BRICS will gather in South Africa to discuss the creation of such a new joint currency. Additionally, ** countries - including Argentina, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen - expressed interest in joining the BRICS group. CBDC, or projects into a digital payment settlement A factor of future uncertainty for the U.S. dollar is how central bank digital currencies (CBDC) develop in emerging countries. Several projects exist between individual countries that specifically target cross-border interbank payments. A cooperation between Thailand and Hong Kong, Inthanon-Lionrock, ranks as the most advanced of these projects. CBDC does not require the U.S. dollar to function. Tangible such as commodities or gold can back them. The value of transactions processed with CBDC is to grow by ******* percent between 2024 and 2030.

United States - Collateralization of Currency: Holdings Against Federal Reserve Notes: Collateral Held Against Federal Reserve Notes: Gold Certificate Account: Wednesday Level was 11037.00000 Mil. of U.S. $ in July of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Collateralization of Currency: Holdings Against Federal Reserve Notes: Collateral Held Against Federal Reserve Notes: Gold Certificate Account: Wednesday Level reached a record high of 11041.00000 in March of 2004 and a record low of 11036.00000 in November of 2005. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Collateralization of Currency: Holdings Against Federal Reserve Notes: Collateral Held Against Federal Reserve Notes: Gold Certificate Account: Wednesday Level - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) in United States was reported at 910036546652 USD in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Key information about Australia Gold Reserves

• Australia Gold Reserves was reported at 5.915 USD bn in Feb 2025
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.428 USD bn for Jan 2025
• Australia Gold Reserves data is updated monthly, averaging 2.389 USD bn from Jan 1958 to Feb 2025, with 806 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 7.000 USD bn in Oct 2024 and a record low of 129.920 USD mn in Jan 1958
• Australia Gold Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Gold Reserves: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Gold Reserves into USD. The Reserve Bank of Australia provides Gold Reserves in local currency. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Gold Reserves prior to January 2015 is based on the old Bank's methodology before the adjustment according to the International Monetary Fund's International Reserves and Foreign Liquidity (IRFCL) framework. Gold Reserves prior to July 1969 are sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

Gold Bullion Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global gold bullion market size reached USD 248.5 billion in 2024, and it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period, reaching approximately USD 373.4 billion by 2033. This healthy growth trajectory is primarily attributed to the increasing demand for safe-haven assets amid global economic uncertainties, rising geopolitical tensions, and a persistent appetite for portfolio diversification among both institutional and individual investors. The gold bullion market continues to benefit from its reputation as a reliable store of value, particularly during periods of inflation and currency depreciation, as per our comprehensive market analysis for 2025.

One of the most significant growth factors for the gold bullion market is the heightened volatility and uncertainty in global financial markets. Investors, both retail and institutional, are increasingly turning towards gold bullion as a hedge against inflation, currency fluctuations, and geopolitical risks. The persistent low-interest-rate environment, coupled with concerns over sovereign debt and fiscal imbalances in major economies, has further fueled the demand for physical gold. Central banks, especially in emerging markets, have been augmenting their gold reserves to diversify away from the US dollar and other fiat currencies, providing a strong and sustained impetus to the gold bullion market.

Another key driver propelling the gold bullion market is the growing accessibility and innovation in distribution channels. The proliferation of online platforms and digital gold investment products has democratized access to gold bullion, enabling a broader base of individual investors to participate in the market. This trend is further amplified by the introduction of fractional gold ownership, secure storage solutions, and transparent pricing mechanisms, which have collectively enhanced investor confidence and convenience. Additionally, the rise of gold-backed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and other financial instruments has expanded the avenues for gold investment, reinforcing the market’s growth momentum.

Sustainability and ethical sourcing concerns are also shaping the gold bullion market landscape. Increasing awareness about responsible mining practices and the environmental and social impact of gold extraction has led to the emergence of certified, conflict-free bullion products. Regulatory initiatives and industry-led standards, such as the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) Responsible Gold Guidance, are driving transparency and traceability across the supply chain. These developments are not only addressing investor concerns but also attracting a new segment of environmentally and socially conscious buyers, further supporting market expansion.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region remains the dominant force in the gold bullion market, driven by robust demand in countries like China and India, where gold holds deep cultural and economic significance. North America and Europe also represent substantial market shares, supported by strong institutional investment and central bank activity. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging as important markets, buoyed by rising wealth levels, favorable regulatory environments, and increasing financial inclusion. The regional diversity in demand drivers underscores the global appeal and resilience of the gold bullion market.

Product Type Analysis

The gold bullion market is segmented by product type into bars, coins, rounds, and others, each catering to distinct investor preferences and use cases. Gold bars, often regarded as the standard investment vehicle for institutional buyers and high-net-worth individuals, account for the largest share of the market. Their appeal lies in their high purity, lower premiums over spot prices, and ease of storage and transport, making them the preferred choice for those seeking to make substantial investments in physical

Key information about Saudi Arabia Gold Reserves

• Saudi Arabia Gold Reserves was reported at 432.934 USD mn in Feb 2025
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 432.945 USD mn for Jan 2025
• Saudi Arabia Gold Reserves data is updated monthly, averaging 201.600 USD mn from Dec 1957 to Feb 2025, with 796 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 433.067 USD mn in Dec 2012 and a record low of 15.995 USD mn in Dec 1957
• Saudi Arabia Gold Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Gold Reserves: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Gold Reserves into USD. Saudi Central Bank provides Gold Reserves in local currency. Saudi Central Bank period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Gold Reserves prior to January 2001 are sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

The U.S. dollar was the most common currency in foreign exchange reserves in 2023, comprising more than three times the amount of the euro in global reserves that year. This total peaked in 2015, partly due to the strength of the dollar during the Eurozone crisis. The share of the U.S. dollar has lost since to the Japanese yen and euro, as well as other currencies. Why do foreign exchange reserves matter? When countries with different currencies export goods, they must agree on a currency for payment. As a result, countries hold currency reserves worth trillions of U.S. dollars. After World War II, the U.S. dollar itself became the international currency in the Bretton Woods Agreement and is thus the most common currency for international payments. The United States Treasury is also seen by most as risk-free, giving the country a low-risk premium. For this reason, countries hold U.S. dollars in reserve because the currency holds value relatively well eventually. China and currency reserves Since 2016, the International Monetary Fund has included the Chinese renminbi (yuan) as part of the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket. This decision recognized the influence of the renminbi as a reserve currency, particularly in several Asian countries. China also holds significant foreign exchange reserves itself, funded by its large positive trade balance.

Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

This series includes external assets (excluding monetary gold) that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

The price of gold per troy ounce increased considerably between 1990 and 2025, despite some fluctuations. A troy ounce is the international common unit of weight used for precious metals and is approximately **** grams. At the end of 2024, a troy ounce of gold cost ******* U.S. dollars. As of * June 2025, it increased considerably to ******** U.S. dollars. Price of – additional information In 2000, the price of gold was at its lowest since 1990, with a troy ounce of gold costing ***** U.S. dollars in that year. Since then, gold prices have been rising and after the economic crisis of 2008, the price of gold rose at higher rates than ever before as the market began to see gold as an increasingly good investment. History has shown, gold is seen as a good investment in times of uncertainty because it can or is thought to function as a good store of value against a declining currency as well as providing protection against inflation. However, unlike other commodities, once gold is mined it does not get used up like other commodities (for example, such as gasoline). So while gold may be a good investment at times, the supply demand argument does not apply to gold. Nonetheless, the demand for gold has been mostly consistent.

This table contains 6 series, with data starting from 1951 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Type of reserve (6 items: Convertible foreign currencies; other than United States; Total; Canada's official international reserves; Gold; Convertible foreign currencies; United States dollars ...).

Key information about Nigeria Gold Reserves

• Nigeria Gold Reserves was reported at 1.600 USD bn in Jun 2024
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.600 USD bn for May 2024
• Nigeria Gold Reserves data is updated monthly, averaging 2.645 USD mn from Dec 1950 to Jun 2024, with 765 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.600 USD bn in May 2024 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Sep 1961
• Nigeria Gold Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Gold Reserves: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Gold Reserves into USD. Central Bank of Nigeria provides Gold Reserves in local currency. The Central Bank of Nigeria period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Effective on December 2019, the Central Bank of Nigeria fully adopted the Standardized Report Forms (SRFs) for compiling, presenting, and disseminating monetary statistics as well as policy decisions in line with the IMF Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual 2000 (MFSM) and the 2008 Monetary and Financial Statistics Compilation Guide (MFS Guide). Gold Reserves prior to December 2007 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

Gold Target Market Outlook

The global gold target market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 3.7 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3% during the forecast period. This steady growth is driven by various factors including increasing geopolitical uncertainties, inflation hedging characteristics of gold, and rising demand across different applications. The intrinsic value and limited supply of gold continue to make it a safe haven investment in times of economic volatility, further solidifying its role in diverse portfolios worldwide.

One of the significant growth factors driving the gold target market is the persistent demand for gold as a hedge against inflation and currency devaluation. In the face of fluctuating global economies and the ongoing volatility in currency markets, investors often turn to gold as a means to preserve wealth. The metalÂ’s ability to maintain its value over time makes it an attractive asset, especially in regions experiencing high inflation rates. Moreover, central banks continue to increase their gold reserves as part of their monetary policy strategies, thereby fueling demand in this market segment.

Another crucial factor contributing to the growth of the gold market is the expanding middle class and rising disposable incomes, particularly in developing economies. As incomes rise, so does the demand for luxury items, including gold jewelry. Countries like India and China, which have deep-rooted cultural affinities with gold, are witnessing significant increases in gold consumption for both investment and ornamental purposes. This cultural significance, combined with economic growth, has positioned the Asia Pacific region as a major consumer of gold, bolstering the market's global expansion.

Technological advancements and innovations in gold mining and refining processes are also propelling market growth. Modern techniques and equipment have improved the efficiency of gold extraction and processing, reducing costs and increasing output. Additionally, the development of new financial products like gold-backed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) has made gold investments more accessible to a broader range of investors. The convenience and flexibility of these products have attracted both retail and institutional investors, further driving market demand.

The emergence of Edible Gold Beverage is an intriguing development in the gold market, blending luxury with culinary innovation. This unique product taps into the growing trend of gourmet experiences, where consumers seek novel and opulent ways to indulge. Edible gold, known for its non-toxic and inert properties, is increasingly being used to enhance beverages, offering a visually stunning and luxurious appeal. This trend is particularly popular in high-end restaurants and events, where presentation and exclusivity are paramount. The incorporation of gold into beverages not only elevates the sensory experience but also aligns with the cultural significance of gold as a symbol of wealth and celebration. As consumer preferences evolve towards unique and extravagant experiences, the Edible Gold Beverage market is poised for growth, attracting both connoisseurs and curious consumers alike.

Regionally, Asia Pacific dominates the gold target market, accounting for a significant share due to its large population, cultural affinity for gold, and increasing economic power. North America and Europe follow with substantial market contributions, driven by investment demand and industrial applications. The Middle East, with its strong cultural and economic ties to gold, also presents a lucrative market, while Latin America is emerging as a notable player due to its rich natural gold reserves and growing investments in mining infrastructure.

Product Type Analysis

The segmentation of the gold market by product type includes bullion, coins, jewelry, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Gold bullion, comprising bars and ingots, represents a significant portion of the market due to its traditional use as a store of value and its appeal to both retail and institutional investors. As a tangible asset, bullion is favored for its purity and weight, often considered the most direct way to hold gold. The demand for bullion remains robust amidst economic uncertainties, with investors seeking security against market fluctuations and geopolitical tensions.

Coins are

Key information about Serbia Gold Reserves

• Serbia Gold Reserves was reported at 4.386 USD bn in Jan 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 4.020 USD bn for Dec 2024
• Serbia Gold Reserves data is updated monthly, averaging 683.462 USD mn from Dec 2000 to Jan 2025, with 281 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.386 USD bn in Jan 2025 and a record low of 84.194 USD mn in Feb 2002
• Serbia Gold Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Gold Reserves: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Gold Reserves into USD. The National Bank of Serbia provides Gold Reserves in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Gold Reserves prior to January 2004 are sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

Of all the countries in the world, China had, by far, the largest international reserves in 2025, with **** trillion USD in reserves and foreign currency liquidity. Japan was the only other country with over a trillion U.S. dollars in reserves in early 2025, with a total of *** trillion U.S. dollars. Why do countries hold reserves? A simple explanation for China’s accumulation of foreign currency could be its consistently positive and substantial trade balance. When China exports goods and services, it accepts the foreign currency, usually U.S. dollars, and holds that currency in reserve. In addition to facilitating trade, most countries, including China, also hold foreign exchange reserves to ensure the stability of their currencies and facilitate other foreign transactions. Other significant reserves Even though most of the world left the gold standard in 1971, most countries still retain large gold reserves. The United States, followed by Germany and Italy, held the largest amount of gold reserves worldwide as of December 2018.

Key information about Nepal Gold Reserves

• Nepal Gold Reserves was reported at 744.291 USD mn in Feb 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 688.668 USD mn for Jan 2025
• Nepal Gold Reserves data is updated monthly, averaging 6.420 USD mn from Jul 1957 to Feb 2025, with 812 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 744.291 USD mn in Feb 2025 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Jun 2009
• Nepal Gold Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Gold Reserves: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Gold Reserves into USD. Nepal Rastra Bank provides Gold Reserves in local currency. Nepal Rastra Bank period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Gold Reserves prior to January 2001 are sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

Key information about France Gold Reserves

• France Gold Reserves was reported at 219.888 USD bn in Jan 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 203.651 USD bn for Dec 2024
• France Gold Reserves data is updated monthly, averaging 30.368 USD bn from Dec 1956 to Jan 2025, with 818 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 219.888 USD bn in Jan 2025 and a record low of 578.000 USD mn in Nov 1957
• France Gold Reserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Gold Reserves: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Gold Reserves into USD. The Banque de France provides Gold Reserves in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Gold Reserves include Gold on Loan. Gold Reserves prior to February 2004 are sourced from the International Monetary Fund.