In 2024, the number of Jewish immigrants that entered Israel, and naturalized under the Law of Return, reached just over 29,000 people. This figure was down from the previous year, with about 42,700 new migrants. Jewish immigration into Israel increased significantly in 2022 due to the influx of Russian and Ukrainian citizens escaping war following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. This event is reminiscent of a major wave of Jewish immigration between the early 1990s and early 2000s following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Chart and table of the Israel net migration rate from 1950 to 2025. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100.

In 2023, over 46,000 new immigrants arrived in Israel from over 50 countries. Among all incoming immigrants that year, over 70 percent previously resided in Russia, six percent in former USSR countries, and five percent arrived from Ukraine. Jewish diaspora immigration to Israel increased recently due to the influx of Russian and Ukrainian citizens fleeing their countries following Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

As of May 2024, over 60,000 Israelis had emigrated from the country in the previous 24 months. This represented an approximate 25 percent increase in recent emigration from February 2023. Since June 2017, the number of Israeli newly relocating abroad consistently decreased until a low point in early 2023. Since the government initiation of the controversial judicial reform in January 2023 and the start of the Israel-Hamas war in October 2023, the topic of emigration became more prominent.

In 2024, more than 24,500 people migrated from Europe to Israel. It was the continent with the highest number of individuals immigrating to Israel, followed by America and Oceania with over 4,300 people. In contrast, 363 immigrants in Israel arrived from the African continent. As of 2023, the Russian Federation was the country of origin for the majority of immigrants to Israel.

Israel IL: Net Migration data was reported at 19,497.000 Person in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 273,635.000 Person for 2007. Israel IL: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 102,935.000 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2012, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 456,923.000 Person in 1992 and a record low of 2,604.000 Person in 1982. Israel IL: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

In 2024, some 4,800 people aged 35 to 44 years immigrated to Israel. This was the highest, compared to the other age groups moving to the country. Immigrants between the ages of 45 and 54 years followed, with over 4,150 people. In contrast, among people aged 75 or older, the number of immigrants was the lowest, with just over 1,200 people.

This dataset is about books and is filtered where the book subjects includes Israel-Emigration and immigration-History, featuring 9 columns including author, BNB id, book, book publisher, and book subjects. The preview is ordered by publication date (descending).

Israel IL: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 24.947 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.287 % for 2010. Israel IL: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 29.699 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.289 % in 1990 and a record low of 24.947 % in 2015. Israel IL: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

Israel IL: International Migrant Stock: Total data was reported at 2,011,727.000 Person in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,950,615.000 Person for 2010. Israel IL: International Migrant Stock: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 1,577,692.500 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2015, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,011,727.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 1,185,573.000 Person in 1960. Israel IL: International Migrant Stock: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2012 Revision.; Sum;

In 2022, 66,411 new immigrants arrived in Israel from European countries. This was a dramatic increase from the previous year, when the number of immigrants from the continent was 17,057. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 may be one reason for the increase in immigrants from Europe. The number of immigrants from both Russia and Ukraine increased dramatically - from 7,640 to 45,472 from Russia and from 3,059 to 14,656 from Ukraine in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The number of immigrants from the neighboring country of Belarus also doubled, from 1,014 in 2021 to 2,237 in 2022.

Jewish communities in Ukraine and Russia

Some Jewish communities can still be found in Russia and Ukraine, even after mass emigration of these communities in the years following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 to countries in Europe, the United States and Israel. Nowadays, the Jewish communities in Russia and Ukraine are relatively small compared to those in the United States and Israel. In 2022, they stood at 150,000 and 40,000 Jewish persons in Russia and Ukraine, respectively. People of Jewish origin can attain an Israeli citizenship based on their religion and live in the country. This process of migration to the country is known as ‘Aliyah’.

Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted.

This dataset is about countries in Israel per year, featuring 4 columns: country, date, ISO 2 country code, and net migration. The preview is ordered by date (descending).

Data on otherness belonging

The project “Immigrants’ Children in the German and Israeli Educational Systems” studies children and adolescents with and without migration background in the educational systems of Germany and Israel. It focuses on studying recent immigrant groups stemming from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) – Jewish and Ethnic German immigrants – in comparison to “older” immigrant groups – persons with Turkish migration background in Germany and Mizrahi in Israel – and the respective reference population (Germans without any migration background in Germany and Ashkenazim in Israel). In this longitudinal study, immigrants’ decision patterns at several educational transitions in their educational careers are examined and these patterns are compared to those of the native population. There is a focus on various resources (economic, social and cultural) that a successful educational career requires as well as on intergenerational transmission of resources from parents to children.

Israel Government Expenditure: Ordinary Budget: Ministry: Immigration Absorption data was reported at 1,704.900 ILS mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,617.000 ILS mn for 2015. Israel Government Expenditure: Ordinary Budget: Ministry: Immigration Absorption data is updated yearly, averaging 1,348.500 ILS mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2016, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,942.900 ILS mn in 2000 and a record low of 1,135.000 ILS mn in 1993. Israel Government Expenditure: Ordinary Budget: Ministry: Immigration Absorption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.F001: Government Revenue and Expenditure.

The number of Jews in France had declined by more than 15 percent between 1970 and 2020, according to the source, and is now estimated to be just under 450,000. One of the factors of this decrease is the immigration of French Jews to Israel. Between 2010 and 2019 alone, more than 50 thousands Jews left France to reach Israel. This wave of migration also seems to be intensifying: 18,574 French Jews moved to Israel between 2015 and 2019, compared to less than 8,000 between 2000 and 2004.

The study "Regulation of Biographical Transitions among Second-Generation Migrants in Germany and Israel," commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, investigates the question of which factors promote the positive development of children, adolescents, and young adults. For this purpose, biographical transitions during the first three decades of life among natives, members of minorities, and people with a migration background in Germany and Israel were examined from a longitudinal perspective. In particular, the focus was on the following four biographical transitions: Entry into kindergarten and school enrollment in childhood, first partnerships in adolescence, and living together as a couple in young adulthood. In Germany, native Germans, ethnic German repatriates, Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union, and Turkish migrants were interviewed using standardized personal interviews. In Israel, native Israelis, persons belonging to the Arab minority, and Russian Jewish immigrants were the target group of the survey. In Germany, a random sample was drawn based on register data from Frankfurt and Stuttgart for all survey groups. Since Russian-Jewish immigrants were not identifiable based on the register data, they were recruited through snowball sampling. In Israel, a multistage random sample was formed based on statistical areas followed by telephone screening.

General personal values and values in the context of family, school and work, national group and ethnic group. Well-being and self-esteem. Identification with national group and ethnic minority group. Intergroup attitudes and intergroup contact. Social distance.

A: Adolescents questionnaire:

Wave 1: General personal values: Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ): Power: social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources (authority, social power, wealth, preserving my public image), Achievement: personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards (ambitious, successful, capable, influential), Hedonism: pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself (pleasure, enjoying life,self-indulgent), Stimulation: excitement, novelty, and challenge in life (daring, a varied life, an exciting life), Self-direction: independent thought and action-choosing, creating, exploring (creativity, freedom, independent, choosing own goals, curious), Universalism: understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature (equality, social justice, wisdom, broadminded, protecting the environment, unity with nature, a world of beauty), Benevolence: preservation and enhancement of the welfare of people with whom one is in frequent personal contact (helpful, honest, forgiving, loyal, responsible), Tradition: respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion provide (devout, respect for tradition, humble, moderate), Conformity: restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms (self-discipline, politeness, honoring parents and elders, obedience), Security: safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self (family security, national); values in the context: familiy, student, nationality, ethnic group (Values in Context Questionnaire (VICQ); self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), satisfaction with life; need for cognitive closure; identification with national group and ethnic minority group; intergroup attitudes; intergroup contact; social distance; cognititve ability (Latin Square Task).

Demography: age; sex; number of siblings; position in sibling succession; family situation; migration background: country of birth; age at immigration; country of origin of father and mother; time of immigration (as a child, as an adult, after the respondent´s birth, before the respondent´s birth (Germany only); language skills; language spoken at home; number of Russian- and Hebrew-speaking friends (Israel) or of Russian and Turkish-speaking friends (Germany); number of living space; occupation of father and mother; family religion (Jewish, Christian, Muslim or other); parents´ education; wish to have children; number of children the respondent would like to have.

Wave 2: General personal values (Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ); values in the context: familiy, student, nationality, ethnic group (Values in Context Questionnaire (VICQ); self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), satisfaction with life; need for cognitive closure; identification with national group and ethnic minority group; intergroup attitudes; intergroup contact; ego identitiy questionnaire (only Germany); hierarchical self-interest (only Germany).

B: Parents questionnaire:

Wave 1: General personal values (Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ); values in the context: familiy, work, nationality, ethnic group (Values in Context Questionnaire (VICQ); satisfaction with life; outgroup attitudes; education style (dyadic adjustment).

Wave 2: General personal values (Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ); values in the context: familiy, work, nationality, ethnic group (Values in Context Questionnaire (VICQ); satisfaction with life; outgroup attitudes; education style (dyadic adjustment); ego identitiy questionnaire (only Germany); hierarchical self-interest (only Germany).

Demography: age; marital status; duration of marriage or years since divorce; living together with the parent of the participating child; number of children and age of these children; migration background: country of birth; age when migrating to Germany or Germany, respectively Israel; mother tongue(s); number of living space; household size; household income in relation to average income; occupation learnt; occupation of current activity; religion of the family (Jewish, Christian, Muslim or others); religiosity; religious affiliation (Israel only); years of schooling; highest level of education.

In 1995, Israel had a Jewish population of approximately 4.5 million people, of whom approximately 1.75 million were born abroad. Over one million of these immigrants were born in Europe, with over 650,000 of these born in the former Soviet Union. Despite Poland having the largest Jewish population in the world in the pre-WWII years, the number of Polish Jewish migrants and descendents in Israel was relatively small in 1995 when compared to the USSR due to the impact of the Holocaust.

Outside of Europe, Morocco had the largest number of Jewish immigrants and descendents in Israel by 1995. Morocco had the largest Jewish population in the Muslim world when Israel was founded in 1948, with over 250,000 people. Many Moroccan Jews sought to emigrate to Israel at this time, but often faced resistance from authorities and local populations who believed the Jews would join in the fight against the Arab forces seeking to establish a Muslim state in Palestine. The government of Morocco then officially prohibited emigration to Israel after gaining independence from France in 1956, however this policy was reversed in 1961 whereby the Moroccan government began facilitating Jewish emigration to Israel in return for payments from Jewish organizations in the U.S. and Israel. By the 1970s, Morocco's Jewish population had fallen to less than 15 percent of its size in 1948.